Grisha class
 Project 1124 frigate in 1986
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Project 1124 , code name Albatros ( Russian "Альбатрос" ), from the NATO as Grisha class called, is a class of anti-submarine - Corvettes , which for the Soviet Navy was developed. The NATO classification is “Large ASW Corvette”, according to the Russian classification it is a small anti-submarine ship ( Russian “Малый противолодочный корабль” ).
The class was modified several times in the course of the construction period, there are five subclasses according to NATO designation, Grischa I to V.
development
Project 1124 was developed in Zelenodolsk for coastal defense in close proximity from 1963 . The ships should be able to fight opposing submarines and, if necessary, lay minefields with sea mines . The ships were planned with a steel hull on which lightweight superstructures made of a magnesium-aluminum alloy were placed. The side wall was made quite high from the bow to the bridge, so that more usable space was created in the foredeck. A drum magazine for 20 anti-aircraft missiles could be installed here.
The ship class has otherwise been optimized for the available sonar systems and their capabilities. Since a diving sonar was to be used, the ships had to stop the search for submarines below thermoclines below , in order to then start moving again as quickly as possible in order to "sprint" to the presumed position of a located contact, stopping there again to seek or launch an attack.
technology
drive
The drive consists of a CODAG system with two M-507A diesel engines with 7,355 kW each and an M8M gas turbine with 13,239 kW. The diesel engines act on the two outer shafts , the turbine on the central shaft.
In order to be able to hold the position when using the diving sonar, a "Powo red 159" thruster is installed on the underside of the fuselage at the stern.
Armament
As the main armament for fighting submarines, two sets of twin torpedo tubes in 53.3 cm caliber were placed amidships on the weather deck. They were installed on both sides of the chimney. In the lashing position, they are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ships, but can be swiveled outwards for use in order to then set down the torpedoes in the direction of travel of the ship. They cannot be reloaded with on-board resources and were originally intended for use with 53-65K and SET-65 torpedoes. The 53-65K is intended to combat ships on the surface of the water and the SET-65 with passive and active sonar search is intended to combat submarines.
In order to be able to fight submarines at short distance, Project 1124 was equipped with two RBU-6000 launchers, which were placed on a structure on the forecastle in front of the bridge. Each of these launchers can fire volleys from up to twelve rocket-propelled depth charges around 5,000 meters. The explosive devices are then submerged in the water and begin to sink. They then explode on contact with an object. The launchers can be reloaded with on-board resources on Project 1124, for this there are up to 96 RGB-60 explosive devices on board.
The artillery armament of Project 1124 consists of a 57 mm L / 75 gun turret AK-725 on the stern. The weapon was developed as a multi-purpose gun and can fire at air targets in addition to ship and land targets to a limited extent. The range when fighting ship targets is a maximum of around 8,000 meters, and when shooting at air targets it is 7,000 meters.
For air defense in short and medium distances Project 1124 is a starting device for 4K33-Osa-M - aircraft missiles equipped. The launcher, which can hold two missiles on their arms in readiness, is on the forecastle . Once the rockets have been fired, the launcher is lowered so that two new rockets from a drum magazine can be loaded into the fuselage. Up to 20 missiles can be stored there.
Sensors and fire control systems
To search for air and surface contacts, an MR-302 "Rubka" radar ( Russian МР-302 Рубка ) was installed on the main mast of Project 1124 . The system known by NATO as the “Strut Curve” works in the upper S-band .
The fire of the AK-725 tower can be directed either by the optics of the shooter or by the fire control radar MR-103 "Bars" ( Russian МР-103 Барс ) (NATO: "Muff Cop"). The radar sensor is installed on a superstructure in the stern above the turret. The sensor combines a radar antenna with a camera .
The anti-aircraft missiles are controlled by a 4R33 radar ( Russian 4Р33 ) (NATO: "Pop Group"). The sensor is in front of the main mast on the roof of the bridge structure.
A MG-322 or MG-322T "Argun" ( Russian МГ-322 "Аргунь" ) was mounted under the hull as sonar . NATO called the system the "Rat Tail".
In addition, a diving sonar of the type MG-339 "Shelon" ( Russian МГ-339 "Шелонь" ) (NATO: "Foal Tail") was installed on the underwater hull . The system's sensor can be lowered on a steel cable to look for underwater contacts. For this purpose, a large drum with rope is housed in the superstructure behind the main mast.
Versions
Project 1124 (Grischa-I)
From this design 16 ships were built between 1968 and 1974 (other sources speak of 12 ships). In 1999 seven were still in service, but they were also retired by 2008.
Project 1124-P (Grischa-II)
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Project 1124-P ( Russian 1124П ) was a series for the border troops of the USSR . From 1973, 14 ships of this series were built (other sources speak of 12 or 17 ships).
The crew was increased by 19 people and two additional davits were installed on the port side in order to be able to use two large inspection launches.
Instead of the launcher of the OSA-M anti-aircraft missiles, a second 57-mm AK-725 gun was installed on the forecastle. The missile's fire control radar was also removed, so the displacement of Project 1124P was no different from that of Project 1124.
All ships of this series were built in the Zelenodolsk shipyard. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1993, two ships (U205 were Chernivets'Ka and U206 Vinnytsia ) passed to the Ukraine. In 2008, three ships were still in service with the Russian border troops .
Project 1124 (Grischa-III)
After 1974 the 1124 project was slightly modified. In addition to the original Grischa-I configuration, a 30mm AK-630M automatic cannon was installed. It was placed on a superstructure behind the AK-725 turret. It is used for short-range defense against air targets, but can also be used against unarmored ship targets. Their effective range is around 4,000 meters. To control the fire, the MR-103 “Bars” radar sensor was replaced by an MR-123 “Wympel” system ( Russian : МР-123 “Вымпел” ) (NATO: “Bass Tilt”), which controls both the fire of the AK- 725 turret as well as that of the AK-630M automatic cannon.
While the project name remained the same in the Soviet Union, these ships were given the "Grischa-III" classification by NATO. 33 ships were built between 1975 and 1985.
The newly developed depth charge launcher RBU-10000 was tested on one unit, but it did not meet expectations. As a result, the system was not built in series.
Six ships of this class were also handed over to the border troops, three of which were still in use in 2008. The Russian Navy also had three units in service in 2008. Two ships (F11 Žemaitis and F12 Aukštaitis ) were handed over to the Lithuanian Navy .
Project 1124-K (Grischa-IV)
Project 1124-K ( Russian: 1124-К ) was a prototype built in 1984 as a test platform for the new 3K95 Kinschal air defense system (NATO: SA-N-9). Compared to the Grischa-III, the AK-725 gun and the Osa-M system including the corresponding fire control systems were omitted. For this, three VLS starters were installed. Each contains eight SA-N-9 missiles in a drum magazine. The superstructure on the stern was enlarged in order to be able to carry the corresponding “Kinschal” fire control radar (NATO: “Kinzhal”) ( Russian “Кинжал” ). The maximum water displacement in use decreased to 977 tons.
Project 1124-M (Grischa-V)
A significantly modernized version of Project 1124 is Project 1124-M. Between 1985 and 1994 33 of these ships were built, which NATO classified as "Grischa-V".
From the outside, the change in the artillery system from the AK-725 turret to the 76 mm AK-176 gun was initially noticeable. The associated MR-123 “Wympel” fire control system (NATO: “Bass Tilt”) of the Grischa III class was retained. The RBU-6000 depth charge launcher on starboard was removed so that only one launcher of this type remained on port.
The anti-aircraft missile system was converted to the more modern Osa-MA (NATO: "SA-N-4C") system. The system can also fight targets at low altitudes of 25 meters, something the predecessor was unable to do.
The air / surface search radar was replaced and the MR-320B "Topas-2W" ( Russian МР-320В Топаз-2В ) (on some units MR-755 "Fregat-MA") installed on the main mast.
The fuselage-mounted sonar was replaced by the more modern MG-335S "Platinum-S" ( Russian МГ-335С "Платина-С" ). Instead of the MG-339 "Schelon" submersible sonar, the MG-339T "Schelon T" ( Russian МГ-339 Т "Шелонь-Т" ) was installed.
Two PK-16 flare launchers were also installed (four PK-10 on some units ).
In 2008 the Russian Navy still had 28 units in service. Two ships of this series went to the border troops. Two ships (U200 Lutsk and U209 Ternopil ) were handed over to the Ukrainian Navy .
The Grischa V corvette Suzdalets was involved in the Russian-Georgian naval battle in August 2008 and in the 2018 incident off Crimea in November 2018 .
Evidence and references
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1124-list.htm
- ↑ Article on the history of torpedo development in the Soviet Union by Maxim Klimov from July 5, 2010 on rusnavy.com
- ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. P. 278.
- ↑ Project 1124 at atrinaflot.narod.ru, viewed on January 12, 2012 ( Memento from November 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ AK-630 at navweaps.com, viewed January 12, 2012
- ↑ Russia, Ukraine clash in Kerch Strait . In: Jane's Information Group , November 26, 2018.
literature
- Юрий В. Апальков: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Том 3. Противолодочные корабли. Часть 2. Малые противолодочные корабли. (For example: Yuri W. Apalkow: Ships of the Soviet Navy. - Part III “Submarine Hunting Ships”, Section 2 “Small Submarine Hunting Ships”. ) Galea Print, 2005, ISBN 5-8172-0095-3 ( Russian).
- Robert Gardiner: Conway's all the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Conway Maritime, London, ISBN 0-85177-605-1 (English).
- А. Федечкин: Противолодочные Альбатросы. Magazine Военные знания, issue 12/97.
- Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. US Naval Institute Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1557502629 (English).
Web links
- Project 1124 at atrinaflot.narod.ru ( Memento from November 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- Class overview project 1124 russian-ships.info (English)
- Project 1124 Albatros Grisha class on fas.org (English)
- Малый противолодочный корабль проекта 1124 "Альбатрос" at rusarmy.com (Russian)
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Submarines : 122bis Kronstadt class | 205P Stenka class | 133 Muravey class | 11451 Mukha class
P / T boats : 1400 Zhuk class | 1204 | 183 P-6 class | 206 Shershen class | 206M Turya class | 1041 Svetlyak class | 22460 ruby class | 21980 | 03160
Missile Speedboat : 183R Komar Class | 205 Osa class | 206MR Matka class | 1240 Sarancha class
Corvettes : 204 Poti-Class | 133.1M Parchim class | 1124 Grischa class | 1234 Nanuchka class | 1239 Bora class | 1241.1 Tarantul class | 1241.2 Pauk class | 20380 Stereguschtschi class | 21630 Bujan class | 22160 Vasily Bykov class | 22800 karakurt class
Frigates : 42 Kola class | 50 Riga class | 159 Petya class | 35 Mirka class | 1159 Koni class | 1135 Kriwak class | 1154 Neustraschimy class | 11356 Admiral Grigorowitsch class | 11661 Cheetah class | 22350 Admiral Gorshkov-class
Destroyer : 30bis Skoryy Class | 41 Neustraschimy class | 56 Kotlin class | 56-M Kildin class | 57A rabbit class | 61 Kashin class | 61MP Kashin Mod Class | 956 Sowremenny class | 1155 Udaloy class
Cruiser : 68 Chapayev class | 68bis Sverdlov class | 58 Kynda class | 1134 Kresta I class | 1134A Kresta II class | 1134B Kara class | 1164 Slava class | 1144 Kirov class
Airplane and Helicopter Carriers : 1123 Moskva Class | 1143 Kiev class | 1143.5 Admiral Kuznetsov class | 1143.7 Ulyanovsk class