Kola class

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Project 42 p1
Ship data
Ship type frigate
Shipyard Shipyard 820 Kaliningrad
Construction period 1949 to 1953
Units built 8th
period of service 1951 to 1986
Ship dimensions and crew
length
96.1 m ( Lüa )
width 11 m
Draft Max. 3.36 m
displacement empty: 1,339 t

Stake: 1,679 t

 
crew 211
Machine system
machine 2 × KW-42 steam boilers

2 × TW-10 steam pressure turbines

Machine
performance 		2 × 13,900 PS (10,223 kW)
Top
speed 		29 kn (54 km / h)
propeller 2
Armament
4 × 1 100 mm L / 56 B-34 USM
2 × 2 37 mm L / 67 V-11 flak
2 × 1 BSR turret
1 × 3 torpedo tubes ∅ 53.3 cm
Depth charges
Sea mines

Project 42 , also called the Sokol class after the type ship, later referred to by NATO as the Kola class , was a class of frigates of the Soviet Navy that was constructed for escort duties shortly after the end of the Second World War .

Development and construction

During the war, those in charge of the Soviet Navy realized that an inexpensive type of ship was needed that could perform guard and escort duties. For this purpose, several drafts were worked out, the armament of which was based on that of a destroyer , but had weaker machines and a shorter range, so that they had overall smaller dimensions and a significantly lower water displacement than a full-fledged destroyer. None of these projects got beyond the planning stage during the war and the concept was not taken up again until 1946. Two planning offices developed competing concepts, one based on a diesel drive , the other based its design on steam boilers with downstream turbines as the drive system. German developments should also be included in the planning.

The navy decided on the design with steam turbines and the actual planning work could be completed by December 1947. Changes to the armament required by the Navy delayed the completion of planning until April 1948. Construction of the first ship finally began on August 17, 1949.

The classification of the ships varies between smooth-decker - escort destroyer and frigate .

technology

Hull and drive

For the first time, the ships in Project 42 were assembled from prefabricated segments and welded. However, the hull was unable to cope with the forces generated by the vibrations in the drive and load fractures occurred in the stern section, so that all ships of the type had to be reinforced with additional struts.

The main drive consisted of two KW-42 steam boilers, which were installed one behind the other and each carried off their exhaust gases via their own chimney . The boilers burned fuel to evaporate water. The resulting 370 ° hot steam then drove two TW-10 turbines, which transferred their power to the propellers of the waves behind them . In the boiler rooms, high-frequency noise was measured, which reached up to 128 dB , and thus exceeded the pain threshold.

The measured top speed in tests was 29.65 knots at 580 revolutions of the shafts per minute.

As a generator for the power supply, three-phase asynchronous machines with squirrel cage rotors were used, which supplied 220 volts for the ship's systems.

Armament

The main armament of the ships were four 100 mm L / 56 B-34 USM guns , which were manually reloaded and reached a rate of fire of 15 rounds per minute with a maximum range of about 22 km. The guns were installed individually on the longitudinal axis of the ships, two on the forecastle, two on the stern. They were not housed in towers, but only provided with a protective shield that was open to the rear. The weapon was developed shortly before the Second World War and, in addition to several types of ships and land fortifications, was also used in the SU-100 tank destroyer .

For anti-aircraft defense, two double-barreled, water-cooled V-11M guns of 37 mm L / 67 caliber were placed in open gun positions aft of the rear funnel. Each gun had an operating crew of three soldiers and was a theoretical cadence of up to 360 shot per minute reach. Air targets up to a distance of 4000 meters could be fought with appropriate ammunition .

Four BPS devices for dropping depth charges were installed at the stern. In addition, two BSR launchers for fighting submarines were set up close by on deck. They were installed on the ships with a fixed firing range of 260 meters and fired volleys of small rocket-propelled depth charges at a 45 ° angle. The slow flight of these shells at a steep angle soon worried the Navy, as it was feared that the ships could come within the effective range of their own depth charge volley at maximum speed. So they were later replaced by the RBU-2500 launcher .

Three 53 cm torpedoes were housed in a rotating launcher on the upper deck between the funnels. The launcher could only use unguided torpedoes that were not suitable for fighting submarines.

On the upper deck, starting immediately behind the bridge structure, rails were mounted on both sides of the ship up to the stern, on which sea ​​mines could be stored and moved to their lowering device at the stern.

Sensors and fire control system

The ships were equipped with a Fakel M radar to search for air and surface contacts on the top of the mast.

To search for submarines, a Tamir-N-Aktiv- Sonar (NATO: “Stag Hoof”) was built into the fuselage underneath the front turret. The system's sensor could be retracted or extended into the fuselage. A piezoelectric transducer in the sonar could already monitor frequencies in the ultrasonic range.

To determine guide values ​​for the artillery, an SVP-29-RLM rangefinder was set up on project 42 behind the compass platform on the observation deck of the ships at the foot of the main mast . It was an optical rangefinder with a short base length, the results of which were too imprecise, so that it was later replaced by the then available SVP-42 system (NATO: "Wasp Head").

Ships of project 42

The eight ships in the project were all built in Kaliningrad by Shipyard 820. Production was stopped because the geopolitical situation made it unlikely that convoys of Soviet merchant ships would be en route in a large scale in the event of war. This also eliminated the need for special escorts such as Project 42.

Sokol

The Sokol ( Russian Сокол ) (German: Falke) was laid down on August 17, 1949 and launched on September 11, 1950. She served in the Baltic Fleet , then was transferred to the Northern Fleet in the White Sea . It was disarmed and mothballed on August 18, 1971, but it was not until June 20, 1986 that it was finally decommissioned and later scrapped in Murmansk.

Berkut

The Berkut ( Russian Беркут ) (German: Golden Eagle) was laid on April 25, 1950 and launched on April 2, 1951. Like some of its sister ships, it first served in the Baltic Sea before being moved across rivers to the White Sea. On October 26, 1965 her service in the fleet ended and she was scrapped a year later.

condor

The Kondor ( Russian Кондор ) (German: Kondor) was laid down on June 28, 1950 and launched on May 27, 1951. After serving in the Baltic and Northern Fleets, she was taken out of service on January 26, 1970 and the ship was later scrapped.

Handle

The Grif ( Russian Гриф ) (German: Greif) was laid down on September 18, 1950 and launched on September 3, 1951. She was used on the border with Finland for patrol services and was later decommissioned, but then transferred to the Caspian Sea . On May 21, 1981 she was finally decommissioned and she was scrapped.

Kretschet

The Kretschet ( Russian Кречет ) (German: Gyrfalke) was laid down on December 15, 1950 and was launched on November 27, 1951. From July 28, 1966, it was named Sovetsky Dagestan . It was used for border security tasks and later transferred to the Caspian Sea. The ship was decommissioned on February 10, 1977 and scrapped.

Orlan

The Orlan ( Russian Орлан ) (German: Seeadler) was laid down on April 30, 1951 and launched on May 9, 1952. From December 15, 1966, it was named Sovetsky Turkmenistan . She initially served with the Baltic Fleet, then was transferred to the Northern Fleet and finally transferred across rivers to the Caspian Sea, where she was used as a training ship during her final years in service. On November 22, 1976, she was struck off the list of ships and later scrapped.

Lev

The Lew ( Russian Лев ) (German: Löwe) was laid down on April 30, 1951 and launched on May 24, 1952. The ship served in the Northern and Baltic Fleets. It was decommissioned on August 18, 1971.

Tigr

The Tigr ( Russian Тигр ) (German: Tiger) was laid down on July 1, 1952 and launched on September 29, 1952. It was used in the Baltic Sea and the White Sea. The ship was decommissioned on November 18, 1974 and later scrapped in Murmansk.

Evidence and references

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Norman Polmar: The Naval Institute Guide to the Soviet Navy. P. 190.
  2. ↑ Jane's fighting ships 1964, Marston and Co, p. 431.
  3. ↑ Description at navycollection.narod.ru, viewed on January 22, 2012 ( Memento from February 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ [1] B-34 at navyweapons.com, viewed January 26, 2012
  5. ↑ [2] V-11 at flot.sevastopol.info, Russian
  6. ^ Oleg A. Godin, David R. Palmer: History of Russian underwater acoustics. P. 258.
  7. ↑ Article on Project 42 at atrinaflot.narod.ru, viewed on January 28, 2012 ( Memento from October 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • С.С. Бережной: Сторожевые корабли ВМФ СССР и России 1945-2000. (For example: SS Bereschnoi: Guard ships of the Navy of the USSR and Russia. ) Moscow 2000 (Russian).

Considerations about the sonar system according to:

  • Oleg A. Godin, David R. Palmer: History of Russian underwater acoustics. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 978-9812568250 (English).

NATO classification according to:

  • Norman Polmar: The Naval Institute Guide to the Soviet Navy. Naval Institute Press, 1991, ISBN 0870212419 (English).

Web links