Project 1144

Project 1144

The Kirov , 1989

Ship data country  Soviet Union Russia   Ship type Nuclear cruiser / guided missile cruiser Shipyard Baltic plant Units built 4th period of service Since 1980

Ship dimensions and crew length 252 m ( Lüa ) width 28.5 m Draft Max. 10.4 m displacement Empty: 23,750 t Use: 25,860 t   crew 610 to 655 men

Machine system machine 2 × KN-3 reactors 2 × steam turbines Machine performance 2 × 70,000 PS (51,485 kW) Top speed 32 kn (59 km / h) propeller 2 five-leaf

Armament Missiles (on all ships): 20 × SM-233 starters for P-700 granite 12 × S-300F 2 × 2 9K33M Missiles (optional): 2 × 8 M330 2 × 1 UPRK-3 2 × 1 RPK-2 Tube artillery (optional): 1 × 2 130mm L / 70 AK-130 2 × 1 100 mm L / 59 AK-100 Torpedoes: 2 × 5 torpedo tubes ∅ 53.3 cm Armor Reactor section: 35-100 mm Rudder system : 50–70 mm Tower structure: 80 mm

The Project 1144 "Orlan" - bald eagle , Western term Kirov class - comprising the largest currently active warships of the Russian Navy and the world that no aircraft carriers or helicopter carriers are. Within NATO , they are classified as battle cruisers , even if they serve completely different operational requirements than the historical battle cruisers at the beginning of the 20th century. The ships of the Kirov class were in the Soviet Navy of the Cold War, originally for anti-submarine warfare meant - primary objectives were the submarines with nuclear weapons the US Navy . When the granite missile complex was developed, the scope of duties of the Kirov class was expanded to include fleet protection. They are the only nuclear cruisers in the Russian Navy.

units

Battle cruiser

The class includes four ships: Admiral Ushakow (formerly Kirov ), Admiral Lasarew (formerly Frunze ), Admiral Nakhimov (formerly Kalinin ) and Pyotr Veliki (German Peter the Great ; formerly Yuri Andropov ), which differ in their armament. A fifth unit of this class, the Kuznetsov , was planned, but was canceled in the shipyard in 1992. The first ship was designed and built according to Project 1144, all subsequent ships according to the further developed Project 1144.2. It is unclear whether the unfinished Dzerzhinsky (later Kuznetsov ) should also be built as project 1144.2 or according to another or further modified project.

A key feature of these ships is that the armament on deck appears poor compared to other Russian ships (e.g. Slawa class ). Much of the armament, however, consists of guided missiles housed in vertical starters with rotating magazines below deck.

Reconnaissance ship

The Ural (SSW-33) (ССВ-33 Урал ), project 1941 "Titan", was a reconnaissance ship of the Soviet Navy, the hull of which was derived from the Kirov class. It was used for electronic reconnaissance, missile tracking, space surveillance and communication and was shut down after only one trip due to high operating costs and scrapped from 2014.

• 

  Guided missile cruiser Frunze , 1986

• 

  Reconnaissance ship Ural , 1988

Technical specifications

drive

The drive consists of a CONAS system . This "combined nuclear and steam propulsion" system ( English for "Combined nuclear and steam power" ) uses the by the two CN-3 pressurized water reactors that were mounted in pairs in the four vessels, steam generated for the cruising speed knots of 20th Two conventional (oil-fired) steam boilers can be switched on to achieve the maximum speed of 32 knots. If the reactors fail, the ship can also be operated with conventional steam boilers alone and then reach a maximum of 17 knots. The fuel supply is sufficient for a distance of 1000 nm. The installation of the same reactors, which used 55 to 90% enriched uranium-235 as fuel, was also planned for the never completed Ulyanovsk- class aircraft carriers .

• Reactors : 2 × KN-3 with 300  MW each ( thermal )
• 2 steam turbines with 70,000 HP (51  MW ) each
• 2 shafts with a five-leaf screw each
• 4 electric generators with 3000 kW each and 4 with 1500 kW each
• Redundancy: 2 steam boilers with a capacity of 120 t / h; maximum speed 17 kn.

Armor

• Reactor section: at the side 100 mm, at the end 35 mm
• Rudder system : lateral 70 mm, deck armor 50 mm
• Tower structure: 80 mm on all sides

Electronic equipment

• Operations center
• Various radio equipment
• Satellite-based communication system "Kristall" ( replaced by "Tsunami" on the Nakhimov and Ushakov )
• Fire control system for naval warfare
• RBU-1000 and UDAW fire control
• Radar surveillance system
• Radar for understanding sea targets and low-flying objects
• 2 radar systems for air defense
• 4 radar systems to manage the air defense with the 30 mm Gatling guns
• 2 nautical radar systems
• Active and passive sonar system
• Electronic countermeasures (ECM)
• 2 PK-2 decoys (Chaff) with 400 missiles

Armament

All units of the Kirov class have a hangar and a helicopter landing pad on the back deck for the three carried Kamov Ka-27 or hormones ASW - helicopter .

Admiral Ushakov ( Kirov )

4K33 Osa-M on the Kirow , 1985

• Missile:
  • 20 × SM-233 starters for P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck)
  • 12 × eight B-203A launchers for S-300F Fort anti-aircraft missiles (a total of 96 5W5RM missiles)
  • 2 × double starters for 4K33M Osa-M (40 missiles type 9M33)
  • 1 × double starter for anti-submarine guided missile UPRK-3 Metel (SS-N-14 Silex) (10 missiles type 85R)
• Artillery systems:
  • 2 × AK-100 gun platforms of 100 mm caliber
  • 8 × AK-630 CIWS Gatling guns of 30 mm caliber (six barrel)
• Torpedo systems:
  • 2 × five-point launchers TT caliber 533 mm (combat set 10 torpedoes)
• Depth thrower:
  • 1 × 12-fold starter RBU-6000 (96 × 12 charges)
  • 2 × six-fold starter RBU-1000

Admiral Lazarew ( Frunze )

• Missile:
  • 20 × SM-233 starters for P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck)
  • 12 × eight B-203A launchers for S-300F Fort anti-aircraft missiles (a total of 96 5W5RM missiles)
  • 2 × double starters for 4K33M Osa-M (40 missiles type 9M33)
  • 8 × eight launchers for 3K95 Kinschal anti- aircraft missiles (64 missiles)
• Artillery systems:
  • 1 × AK-130 gun, 2 × 130 mm
  • 8 × AK-630 Gatling guns of 30 mm caliber (six-barreled)
• Torpedo systems:
  • 2 × quintuple starter 533 mm "URTPU" (Russian: "УРТПУ - универсальные ракето-торпедные пусковые установки" about "Universal missile and Torpedo starter") for torpedoes and missiles RPK-6 Wodopad-NK (SS-N-16A Stallion)
• Depth thrower:
  • 1 × 12-fold starter RBU-6000
  • 2 × six-fold starter RBU-1000

Admiral Nakhimov ( Kalinin )

→ Main article : Admiral Nakhimov (1988)

• Missile:
  • 20 × SM-233 starters for P-700 granite (SS-N-19 Shipwreck), after modification 8 starters for 10 3M-54T calibres each (SS-N-27 Sizzler)
  • 12 × eight B-203A launchers for S-300F Fort anti-aircraft missiles (96 type 48N6E missiles in total), after conversion S-400
  • 2 × double starters for 9K33M Osa-MA (40 missiles type 9M33)
  • 16 × eight launchers for anti-aircraft missiles 3K95 Kinschal (128 missiles)
• Artillery systems:
  • 1 × AK-130 gun, 2 × 130 mm
  • 6 × Kortik -CIWS (each 2 × 30 mm Gatling, max. 256 missiles)
• Torpedo systems:
  • 2 × five-way starter 533 mm "URTPU"
• Depth thrower:
  • 2 × tenfold starters Udaw-1
  • 2 × six-fold starter RBU-1000

Pyotr Veliki (Yuri Andropov)

Dmitri Medvedev on board the cruiser Pyotr Veliki (Eng .: Peter the Great )

→ Main article : Pyotr Veliki (1996)

• Missile:
  • 20 × SM-233 starters for P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck)
  • 12 × eight B-203A launchers for anti-aircraft missiles S-300F Fort and S-300FM Fort (a total of 96 missiles type 48N6E and 48N6E2)
  • 2 × double starters for 4K33M Osa-MA (40 missiles type 9M33)
  • 16 × eight launchers for anti-aircraft missiles 3K95 Kinschal (128 missiles)
• Artillery systems:
  • 1 × AK-130 gun, 2 × 130 mm
  • 6 × cortical system (each 2 × 30 mm Gatling, max. 256 missiles)
• Torpedo systems:
  • 2 × five- way starter 533 mm URTPU
• Depth thrower:
  • 2 × tenfold starters Udaw-1
  • 2 × six-fold starter RBU-1000

Operational readiness

One of the four ships is currently (as of 2018) ready for action: the Pjotr ​​Veliki is the flagship of the Northern Fleet and has participated in each of its major maneuvers since 1999. The Admiral Lasarew has been inactive since the mid-1990s and is now scheduled for scrapping, the Admiral Ushakow has been overhauled after an accident with the propulsion system in 1990 and the associated inactivity since 2001 and has to be scrapped because of its irreparable condition. The Admiral Nakhimov was overhauled in 2005 to convert it to a new missile system, but reactivation is questionable because of the costs.

Planned modernization and combat value increase

In September 2009 the Russian press reported that there were plans to put the Admiral Lazarew and Admiral Nakhimov back into service. In September 2011 further details of the planned modernization became known. Accordingly, all four cruisers should be overhauled and the three mothballed ships should be put back into service. In the course of the overhaul, a significant increase in combat value should take place, which, in addition to the replacement of the on-board electronics and the weapon control systems, should also include a new armament with modern guided and defensive weapons. The Admiral Nakhimov was to be the first ship to be put back into service in 2015. As of January 2017, the reconstruction of the Nakhimov should now be completed in 2020. This date was moved to 2021 in 2018. However, a more detailed analysis of the other two ships showed that reactivation is probably no longer possible. For example, Kirov, which has been inactive since 1990, began unloading the nuclear fuel that was still in the reactors in 2016.

Ships

Below the four battlecruisers and the unfinished Kuznetsov , the Ural reconnaissance ship, derived from this class, is listed.

project number	Surname	former name	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Remarks
Kirov class
Project 1144	Admiral Ushakov	Kirov	1980	-	Inactive since accident in 1990, scrapping planned
Project 1144.2	Admiral Lazarev	Frunze	1985	1995	Inactive since 1999, scrapping planned
Project 1144.2	Admiral Nakhimov	Kalinin	1988	-	in modernization since 2013
Project 1144.2	Pyotr Veliky	Yuri Andropov	1998	-	Flagship of the Northern Fleet
Project 1144.2	Kuznetsov	Dzerzhinsky	-	-	already broken off at the shipyard in 1992
Ural class
Project 1941	Ural		1989	2002	Inactive since 2001, scrapping since 2014
Project 1941	unknown	-	-	-	was planned, but was not built

literature

• А. С. Павлов: "Атомные крейсера типа Киров - Battle Cruisers KIROV CLASS" (for example: AS Pavlov: nuclear cruiser type Kirov - battle cruiser KIROW-CLASS ), Jakutsk, 1997.
• С.С. Бережной: "Советский ВМФ 1945–1995 Крейсера - большие противолодочные корабли, эсминцы" , Moscow, 1945–1995 fighter cruisers , Moscow.
• Siegfried Breyer: Battleships and battle cruisers 1921–1997. International battleship building. Bonn, Bernard & Graefe 2002, ISBN 3-7637-6225-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Russia: Naval Propulsion Reactor Design. Archived from the original on November 11, 2010 ; Retrieved July 8, 2011 . 
2. ↑ Securing Russia's HEU Stocks Oleg. (PDF; 2.5 MB) S. (S. 19) , accessed on July 8, 2011 . 
3. ↑ BarentsObserver.com of May 21, 2008: The return of "Admiral Nakhimov"
4. ↑ Russia plans to rebuild nuclear-powered missile cruisers. RIANOVOSTI, September 19, 2009, accessed November 3, 2013 . 
5. ↑ Russia to refit nuclear missile cruisers - media. RIANOVOSTI, September 21, 2011, accessed November 3, 2013 . 
6. ↑ tass.ru
7. ↑ "Russia continues upgrading its Kirov-class nuclear-powered cruisers" ( Memento of February 5, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) navyrecognition.com original: [1] of February 5, 2018
8. ↑ tass.ru

Web links

Commons : Kirov class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Globalsecurity.org page on Kirov class
• Тяжелый атомный ракетный крейсер "Петр Великий" пр.1144, KIROV class (Russian)
• Тяжелый атомный ракетный крейсер, проект 1144 "Орлан" (Russian)
• Photo gallery: Russia sends super warship to large-scale maneuvers . RIA Novosti on March 30, 2010, last accessed April 19, 2010.