Poti class
 Project 204 corvette of the Bulgarian Navy in 1987
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Project 204 , even when, after the identification of the type of ship MPK-15 class ( Russian "МПК-15" ) refers to and from the NATO code-named potentiometer class provided, was a class of anti-submarine - Corvette , in the Soviet Union Developed for the Soviet Navy during the Cold War .
development
After the Soviet secret services had learned in 1946 of the American plans, presented in the same year to the US Navy , to develop submarines with nuclear propulsion and very high speeds of around 30 knots in a submerged state, it was clear to the Soviet planners that they had to build anti-submarine ships that were similarly fast.,
Various drive concepts were tried out before the concept of a turbine designer for the Luftwaffe was finally taken up and combined with a conventional drive in 1956 in Zelenodolsk to create a new type of ship for submarine hunting near the coast.
technology
drive
The drive system consisted of a kind of CODAG system ( Combined diesel and gas ), with an M504A diesel engine driving one of the two shafts with 9,500 hp, which enabled a speed of around 17 knots. Two D2E gas turbines with 18,000 hp could be switched on for high outputs , so the ships could reach up to 35 knots.
The two propellers in Project 204 were not exposed, but were mounted in a tunnel several meters long below the stern. This should reduce the water resistance of the propellers when they are not in use and the propulsion of the ships is supported by the turbine.
The turbines were set up in an unconventional way. While the diesel engines were traditionally located amidships in the engine room within the hull, with a downstream gearbox that transferred their power to the waves, the turbines in the aft section were located directly at the stern above the propellers. Two large intake ports for air were placed on the weather deck above the turbines. The turbines could not transfer their power to the shaft and the propellers, but instead generated a stream of air that moved the ships forward in the functional principle of a jet aircraft . To do this, the turbines pressed air out of openings that were above the propellers in the tunnel below the fuselage.
Armament
As the main armament for fighting submarines, four 40 cm caliber torpedo tubes were placed amidships on the weather deck. The pipes were installed individually and welded to the deck so that they could not be swiveled. They were able to drop SET-40 torpedoes, but there were no replacement weapons of the type on board. After the four weapons had been fired in the barrels, a supply facility had to be started for reloading.
In order to be able to fight submarines in close range, Project 204 was equipped with two twelve - tube RBU-6000 launchers. One was installed on the roof of the superstructure in front of the bridge, the other was installed on the forecastle. The launchers were not on the longitudinal axis of the ships, but one was shifted a few meters to port , the other shifted accordingly to starboard in order to compensate for the heaviness. The launchers fired RGB-60 explosive devices, which could be automatically reloaded from a magazine installed below each launcher.
The artillery armament of Project 204 consisted of a single 57 mm L / 75 gun turret AK-725 , which was placed amidships. The weapon was developed as a multi-purpose gun and intended to combat ship, land and air targets. The installation of the tower between the bridge structure and the air intake ports of the turbines at the stern severely restricted their straightening range. Ship targets could only be fought on port and starboard, for example, while the field of fire was blocked at the bow and stern. Air targets, on the other hand, could also be shot at if they came from aft, but only if they flew high enough and could be shot over the intake ports. Ship targets could be fought with the weapon system up to 8,000 meters, air targets up to 7,000 meters away.
The first four ships in the class did not have the AK-725 turret. Instead, an open ZIF-31B gun stand was installed in its position, in which two 57 mm L / 78 guns were mounted parallel to the axis. Apart from the fact that the crew of the gun was exposed to the elements, the recommended speed was the weapon significantly lower than the AK-725 tower and the cadence reached with 50 rounds per minute, only a quarter of the value of the successor model, as issued after 50 Shots in quick succession, the barrel first had to be cooled.
Sensors, fire control and EloKa systems
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An MR-302 “Rubka” radar ( Russian МР-302 Рубка ) was installed on the main mast of Project 204 to search for air and surface contacts . The system known by NATO as the “Strut Curve” works in the upper S-band . A weaker “Donez” radar was used for navigation, which was installed below the MR-302.
The fire of the AK-725 tower could be directed either by the optics of the shooter or by the MR-103 "Bars" - fire control radar ( Russian МР-103 Барс ) (NATO: "Muff Cop"). The radar sensor was installed behind the bridge on a structure directly behind the gun turret.
A diving sonar was installed to search for submarines . The sensor head of the sonar was lowered on a cable through an opening in the ship's bottom, below the bridge structure. This sensor of the type MG-312 "Titan 2" ( Russian МГ-312 "Титан-2" ) (NATO: "Bull Nose") or, in some ships, GS-572 "Gerkules 2M" ( Russian ГС-572 "Геркулес -2М " ) (NATO:" Wolf Paw "), could only be used when the boats were stationary or moving slowly.
A Bisan-4B sensor ( Russian "Бизань-4Б" ) was installed on the main mast to warn the crew of detection by enemy radar . This EloKa system, known by NATO as "Watchdog-B", received radar signals, displayed them on a screen and generated an acoustic warning signal.
A "nichrome -M" system ( Russian "Нихром-М" ) was installed to identify friend and foe , with which Project 204 could identify itself to friendly forces via radio.
Versions
Project 204 E
Project 204 E ( Russian "проекта 204-Э" ) was the export version of Project 204. Three boats built for the Romanian Navy belonged to this class. Instead of the two twelve-tube RBU- 6000 on the Soviet ships, two five-tube RBU-1200 launchers were installed here. The four 400 mm torpedo tubes were replaced by two 533 mm tubes. The water displacement differed slightly from the basic version with 436 t standard and 546 t maximum displacement.
Ships of project 204
Between 1958 and 1967 63 ships of Project 204 and three more of Project 204-E were built at three Soviet shipyards. The ships that served in the Soviet Navy did not have any names, but a tactical numbering derived from the abbreviation “MPK” ( Russian “МПК” ) for “Small anti- submarine ship” ( Russian “Малые противолодочные корабли “ ) And a number. The three Project 204 E ships of the Romanian and the six Project 204 ships of the Bulgarian Navy, however, had names.
All ships in the project were retired in the 1980s and 1990s. Weak points such as the lack of effective anti-aircraft armament and the enormous noise development of the propulsion system were largely eliminated in subsequent ship types such as Project 1124 .
Evidence and references
Remarks
- ↑ Depending on the definition, the presence of diesel engines and turbines in a drive system is not sufficient to describe a drive as a CODAG . Since in this case the turbine does not act directly on the shaft, the term CODAG may not be applicable here.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Project 204 atrinaflot.narod.ru ( Memento of 13 March 2012 at the Internet Archive )
- ^ Function of the propulsion system according to the description of the propulsion system from Project 204 in Eric Wertheim: The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. P. 70.
- ↑ AK-725 at navweaps.com, viewed January 25, 2012
- ↑ ZIF-31B at navweaps.com, viewed January 25, 2012
- ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. P. 278.
- ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998. US Naval Institute Press, 1997, ISBN 1557502684 , p. 512.
literature
- С. Бережной: Малые противолодочные и малые ракетные корабли ВМФ СССР и России. (For example: S. Bereschnoi: Small anti -submarine and small missile ships of the Navy of the USSR and Russia. ) Морская коллекция, 2001 (Russian).
Web links
- Project 204 at atrinaflot.narod.ru ( Memento from March 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- Project 204 at vimpel.boinaslava.net (Bulgarian)
- List of all built units from Project 204 on russian-ships.info (Russian)
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Submarines : 122bis Kronstadt class | 205P Stenka class | 133 Muravey class | 11451 Mukha class
P / T boats : 1400 Zhuk class | 1204 | 183 P-6 class | 206 Shershen class | 206M Turya class | 1041 Svetlyak class | 22460 ruby class | 21980 | 03160
Missile Speedboat : 183R Komar Class | 205 Osa class | 206MR Matka class | 1240 Sarancha class
Corvettes : 204 Poti-Class | 133.1M Parchim class | 1124 Grischa class | 1234 Nanuchka class | 1239 Bora class | 1241.1 Tarantul class | 1241.2 Pauk class | 20380 Stereguschtschi class | 21630 Bujan class | 22160 Vasily Bykov class | 22800 karakurt class
Frigates : 42 Kola class | 50 Riga class | 159 Petya class | 35 Mirka class | 1159 Koni class | 1135 Kriwak class | 1154 Neustraschimy class | 11356 Admiral Grigorowitsch class | 11661 Cheetah class | 22350 Admiral Gorshkov-class
Destroyer : 30bis Skoryy Class | 41 Neustraschimy class | 56 Kotlin class | 56-M Kildin class | 57A rabbit class | 61 Kashin class | 61MP Kashin Mod Class | 956 Sowremenny class | 1155 Udaloy class
Cruiser : 68 Chapayev class | 68bis Sverdlov class | 58 Kynda class | 1134 Kresta I class | 1134A Kresta II class | 1134B Kara class | 1164 Slava class | 1144 Kirov class
Airplane and Helicopter Carriers : 1123 Moskva Class | 1143 Kiev class | 1143.5 Admiral Kuznetsov class | 1143.7 Ulyanovsk class