Kashin class

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Project 61
Project 61 destroyer Soobrasitelny 1983
Project 61 destroyer Soobrasitelny 1983
Ship data
Ship type destroyer
Shipyard Leningrad
Construction period 1959 to 1970
Units built 14th
Ship dimensions and crew
length
144 m ( Lüa )
132 m ( KWL )
width 15.8 m
Draft Max. 4.47 m
displacement
  • Planning: 3,440 t
  • Stake: 4,390
 
crew 266 men
Machine system
machine COGAG

2 × 2 gas turbines

Machine
performance
4 × 18,000 PS (13,239 kW)
Top
speed
33 kn (61 km / h)
Armament

Project 61 , known by NATO as the Kashin class , is a class of guided missile destroyers of the former Soviet and now Russian Navy , built between 1959 and 1970.

A further development of this class was the Kashin Mod class (Project 61MP), to which five Kashin class ships were converted from 1971 onwards, but new units were also laid down.

history

With the beginning of the Cold War and the associated development of new, extremely effective weapon systems, the need for escort ships that could counter these dangers began to rise sharply for the Soviet Navy in the 1950s. What was needed were ships that could primarily defend themselves against the new threat posed by nuclear submarines . However, one now had to be able to defend oneself against supersonic combat aircraft and approaching cruise missiles . In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Navy commissioned the development of a ship that would be able to protect its own units from such attacks. Among other things, this required high speeds in order to be able to keep up with the nuclear submarines, effective weapons that were also able to quickly and efficiently turn off such targets, and defense systems against approaching aircraft and cruise missiles. All of this was to be combined in the ships of the Kashin class. The first ship of the class entered service in 1964.

construction

Armament

The ships are equipped with two double launchers of the naval version of the Issajew S-125 Neva (NATO code: SA-3 Goa). The range of the missiles is around 0.1-10 km, with the modernized variant up to 25 km. A special feature of these missiles is that they can be used either against air or ground targets. Up to 32 of these rockets can be loaded on the Kashin class.

The ships also have two twin guns of the type AK-726 (76 mm). The two guns are clearly visible on the bow and stern. They have a maximum range of 15.7 km and a rate of around 100 rounds per minute.

Furthermore, two twelve - tube RBU-6000 and two six-tube RBU-1000 are installed for anti-submarine defense. The RBU-6000 have a range of 6 km. The caliber is 213 mm, the projectiles weigh about 110 kg, the warhead weighs 25 kg. With the RBU-6000 submarines can be fought at depths of 10 to 500 meters. On the ships of the Kashin class, 192 projectiles are loaded for this system. The RBU-1000 have a range of 1 km. The caliber here is 300 mm and the bullet weight 195 kg, the warhead has a weight of 95 kg. For this system, 48 floors are carried on the Kashin class.

In addition, five 533 mm caliber torpedo tubes have been installed for fighting submarines.

Dimensions and drive

The ships of the Kashin class are 144 m long, 15.8 m wide and have a draft of 4.8 m. With these dimensions they displace approx. 3440 t as standard, fully equipped they achieve a displacement of approx. 4510 t. The ships of the Kashin class are the first large warships to be powered by gas turbines (COGAG system) . The turbines have a total output of 72,000 hp and propel the ship via two shafts with fixed screws. You can reach a maximum speed of more than 33 knots. At 18 knots the range of the ships is 3,500 nautical miles .

Classification

In general, there is no complete agreement on the classification of the Kashin class. Depending on the source, they are classified as guided missile destroyers, in other sources they are in turn classified as rocket frigates (ASW ships) or as ASW destroyers. In the Soviet Navy they were officially regarded as escort ships (SKR), then as large ASW ships (BPK) or as large rocket ships (BRK). In the rest of the world, they are now classified as guided missile destroyers by default.

Operational readiness

Destroyer Smetliwy in the port of Sevastopol 2009
Detailed view of the
Smetliwy in the port of Valletta 2013 with two Ch-35 quadruple launchers.

Of the 14 ships built of Kashin-class only one that is currently Smetliwy (Russian: Сметливый dt .: The Astute ), in active service. She belongs to the Russian Black Sea Fleet .

Of the eleven ships of the modified Kashin class (project 61MP; NATO code: Kashin-Mod) built, five are still in service with the Indian Navy. These ships are probably a modified version (Project 61 ME), which originally should also have been put into service with the Soviet Navy. However, they were sold to the Indian Navy while they were being built , where they are known as the Rajput class.

Incidents

On August 30, 1974 at 8:55 a.m., the Otwaschny (Russian: Отважный ; German: Der Kühne ), which was in service in the Black Sea Fleet , set sail from Sevastopol . A little over an hour later, at 9:58 a.m., a fire broke out on the ship, which just a few seconds later led to an explosion that killed 24 men (19 sailors and 5 cadets). After another five hours and 49 minutes, at 3:47 p.m., the ship finally sank after unsuccessful attempts to extinguish the fire.

Later investigations indicated that an SA-N-1 anti-aircraft missile was likely responsible for the outbreak of the fire. Two destroyers arrived shortly before 1:00 p.m. and tried to save the burning ship. While the crews were busy putting out the fire, the ship was towed at about 3 knots by one of the two destroyers. The Otwaschny got more and more inclined. At around 2:30 p.m. there was a strong water ingress and 17 minutes later another explosion occurred. At 3:07 p.m. the lean angle of the ship, which had now increased to 27 °, was stabilized to some extent. At 3:12 p.m., the crews were called to leave the sinking ship. At 3:35 p.m. the destroyer began to sink over the stern and at 3:47 p.m. the entire ship sank.

Evidence and references

literature

  • В.П. Заблоцкий: Универсальный проект. СКР, БПК, БРК, ЭМ и фрегаты проектов 61, 61М, 61МП, 61МЭ. Часть 1. (for example: WP Sablotski: Universal Project. SKR, BOD, DBK, EM and Project Frigatten 61, 61M, 61MP, 61ME. Part 1 ), Marine Collection Number 10, Moscow 2009.
  • В.П. Заблоцкий: Универсальный проект. СКР, БПК, БРК, ЭМ и фрегаты проектов 61, 61М, 61МП, 61МЭ. Часть 2. (for example: WP Sablotski: Universal Project. SKR, BOD, DBK, EM and Project Frigatten 61, 61M, 61MP, 61ME. Part 2 ), Marine Collection Number 11, Moscow 2009.
  • В.В. Костриченко, А.А. Простокишин: Поющие фрегаты - Большие противолодочные корабли проекта 61. (for example: WW Kostritschenko, AA Prostokishin: The Singing Frigates of the -61 project .
  • С.С. Бережной: Советский ВМФ 1945–1995 Крейсера - большие противолодочные корабли, эсминцы, (for example: SS Bereschnoi: Soviet destroyers 1945–1995 fighter ships ) Moscow, 1945–1995

Web links

Commons : Kashin class  - collection of images, videos, and audio files