Clare (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the de Clare family.

The Clares are an Anglo-Norman noble family who descended from the Dukes of Normandy from the House of the Rollonids and died out in 1314.

history

Geoffrey de Brionne, Count of Eu , † probably 1015, was a son of Duke Richard I , the great-grandfather of William the Conqueror . Geoffrey's son was Gilbert de Brionne, † 1040, Count of Eu and probably also Count of Brionne , who, however, could not pass his property on to his sons. These, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 1st Lord of Clare , † 1090, and Baudouin , † 1095, went to England with William the Conqueror, later William I , in the course of the Norman Conquest in 1066 .

Richard Fitz Gilbert received large estates in Suffolk and built a castle in the village of Clare , after which his family was named, the ruins of which are still standing today. His great-grandson, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , also known as Strongbow , laid the foundation stone for the conquests of England in Ireland with his military operations . Other famous offshoots of this family were Richard de Clare, 6th Lord of Clare and his son Gilbert de Clare, 7th Lord of Clare and 1st Earl of Gloucester , both together took over the leadership of the barons , which King John , also called John Ohneland mocked, forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215.

Probably the most famous Clare was Gilbert de Clare, 9th Lord of Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester and 6th Earl of Hertford (1243-1295), one of the leaders of the barons in the early phase of the Barons' Second War against King Henry III . He changed sides in 1265 when he, together with the heir to the throne Lord Edward, helped the king to victory in the Battle of Evesham . But as early as 1267 he returned to the aristocratic opposition, with which he took London , forcing the king to issue the statute of Marlborough , the first chapter of which is still formally valid and thus the oldest piece of statutory law in the United Kingdom.

In 1290 he married Johanna von Akkon , a daughter of King Edward I ; with his son and successor, Gilbert de Clare, 10th Lord of Clare (1291-1314), the Clare family died out in the male line. Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall and Hugh le Despenser the Elder J. , Edward II's favorites, executed in 1312 and 1326 respectively , were married to two sisters of the last earl. The youngest sister, Elizabeth de Clare (around 1291-1360), is the founder of Clare College at the prestigious University of Cambridge .

Tribe list

Until the 3rd Earl of Hertford

  1. Geoffroy de Brionne , † probably 1015, after 996 Count von Eu , eldest son of Duke Richard I without fear (Sans Peur) of Normandy ( Rollonids )
    1. Gilbert de Brionne , murdered in 1040, shortly before 1040 Count von Eu , probably also Count von Brionne
      1. Richard de Bienfaite , * 1035, † 1090, Lord of Bienfaite and Orbec , 1075 Regent of England , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge ; ⚭ Rohese Giffard, daughter of Gautier Giffard , sister of Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham ( Giffard ),
        1. Roger, † 1130, 1090 Lord of Bienfaite and Orbec
        2. Gilbert de Clare, † 1117 , 1090 Lord of Clare and Tonbridge , 1110 Lord of Cardigan ; ⚭ Adelize de Clermont , daughter of Hugues
          1. Richard , * before 1100, X 1136, Lord of Clare , Tonbridge and Cardigan; ⚭ Adelize de Gernon, sister of Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester
            1. Gilbert , * 1115, † 1152, around 1138 1st Earl of Hertford , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge
            2. Roger, * after 1115, † 1173, 1153 2nd Earl of Hertford , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge ; ⚭ Maud de Saint-Hilary , heir to James, she was second married to William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel († 1193)
              1. Richard , * probably 1153, † November 28, 1217, 1173 3rd Earl of Hertford , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge , 1164 Lord of Long Crendon , 1195 Lord of Saint-Hilary etc .; ⚭ around 1180, divorced 1200, Amicia, 1217 4th Countess of Gloucester , † January 1225, daughter of William, 3rd Earl of Gloucester - descendants see below
              2. John
              3. Mabel; ⚭ William Helion
              4. Aveline, † 1225; ⚭ I William de Montchesney ; ⚭ II Geoffrey fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex , † 1213
            3. Alice; ⚭ William de Percy ( Percy (noble family) )
          2. Gilbert Strongbow , * probably 1100, † 1148, 1130 Lord of Bienfaite and Orbec , 1138 Lord of Nethewent , probably 1138 English Earl of Pembroke ; ⚭ Isabella de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont , Earl of Meulan and 1st Earl of Leicester , former mistress of King Henry I.
            1. Richard Strongbow , † 1176, around 1153 2nd Earl of Pembroke , 1148 Lord of Netherwent , 1171 Lord of Leicester ; ⚭ 1171 Eva MacMurrough, daughter of Dermot MacMurrough , King of Leinster
              1. Gilbert, * probably 1172, † 1185
              2. Isabel , * 1171/76, † 1220; ⚭ 1189 William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , Lord of Netherwent and Leinster , Lord of Bienfaite and Orbec , † 1219 ( House Marshal )
            2. Basilea
          3. Hervey, attested around 1140
          4. Walter, attested in 1147
          5. Baldwin, Lord of Bourne
          6. Margaret; ⚭ William de Montfitchet, Lord of Stansted Mountfitchet
          7. Alice; ⚭ Aubrey de Vere, Lord of Hedington
          8. Rohese ; ⚭ Baderon de Monmouth
        3. Walter , † 1138, Lord of Nether Gwent , founded Tintern Abbey in 1131
        4. Richard, monk in Le Bec Abbey , 1100 Abbot of Ely
        5. Robert FitzRichard; ⚭ Matilda de Senlis
          1. Walter FitzRobert, † 1198, Lord of Little Dunmow ; ⚭ Matilda de Bohun, * probably 1140/43, † after 1194 or after 1199, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun tertius ( House Bohun ) and Margaret de Hereford ( House Pitres ) - descendants see FitzWalter (noble family)
        6. Adelize; ⚭ Walter title
        7. Rohese ; ⚭ Eudo Dapifer
      2. Baudouin de Meules (Baldwin Fitz Gilbert), † 1096, Lord of Le Sap and Meulles , Lord of Okehampton
        1. William, † 1096
        2. Robert, † 1101
        3. Richard, † 1137

The Earls of Hertford and Gloucester

  1. Richard de Clare , * probably 1153, † November 28, 1217, 1173 3rd Earl of Hertford , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge , 1164 Lord of Long Crendon , 1195 Lord of Saint-Hilary etc .; ⚭ about 1180, divorced 1200, Amicia, 1217 4th Countess of Gloucester , † January 1225, daughter of William, 3rd Earl of Gloucester - ancestors see above
    1. Gilbert , * probably 1180, † December 25, 1230, 4th Earl of Hertford and 4th Earl of Gloucester , Lord of Clare , Tonbridge , Saint-Hilary etc .; ⚭ October 1214 Isabel Marshal , * October 9, 1200, † January 17, 1240, daughter of William Marshal , 1st Earl of Pembroke etc. and Isabel de Clare , she married Richard d'Anjou-Plantagenet on March 30, 1231 , 1227 Earl of Cornwall , 1257 Roman-German King († April 2, 1272) ( House Plantagenet )
      1. Amicia, * 1220, † 1283; ⚭ I around 1235 Baldwin de Reviers, † 1245; ⚭ II Robert de Guines, probably Burgrave of Ghent , † 1283 ( House Ghent )
      2. Richard , born August 4, 1222, † July 15, 1262, 1243 5th Earl of Gloucester , 5th Earl of Hertford , 1246 Lord of Usk and Kilkenny , buried in Tewkesbury Abbey ; ⚭ I secretly 1232 Meggotta de Burgh, * probably 1223, † November 1237, daughter of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Margaret of Scotland ; ⚭ II January 25, 1238 Maud de Lacy , † March 1289, daughter of John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln
        1. (II) Isabel , * 1240, † before 1271; ⚭ 1258 Wilhelm VII. Margrave of Montferrat , † 1292
        2. (II) Gilbert Goch called the Red , * September 2, 1243, † December 7, 1295 in Monmouth , 1263/64 6th Earl of Gloucester , 6th Earl of Hertford etc., buried in Tewkesbury Abbey ; ⚭ I 1254, canceled May 1285, Alice de Lusignan , † May 1290, daughter of Hugo XI. of Lusignan , Count of La Marche ; ⚭ II April 30 or May 2, 1290 Joan of Acre , * 1272, † April 23, 1307, daughter of Edward I, King of England ( House Plantagenet ), she married in January 1297 Ralph de Monthermer, 1. Baron Monthermer , Earl of Gloucester and Hertford iure uxoris († April 5, 1323)
          1. (I) Isabella , * 1263, † after 1322; ⚭ 1316 Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley , † 1338
          2. (I) Joan , * 1264, † after 1322; ⚭ I 1284 Duncan, 8th Earl of Fife , (1262-1288); ⚭ II around 1302 Gervase Avenel, † after 1322
          3. (II) Gilbert , * 1291, † June 24, 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn , 1307 7th Earl of Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford ; ⚭ September 30, 1308 Maud de Burgh , † 1320, probably July 2, daughter of Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
          4. (II) Eleanor , * probably 1292, † 1337, 1317 heiress of Glamorgan , 1320 heiress of Tewkesbury etc .; ⚭ I 1306 Hugh le Despenser , † executed November 26, 1326; ⚭ II 1327 William la Zouche, † 1337
          5. (II) Margaret , * probably 1293, † 1342, 1317 heiress of Tonbridge ; ⚭ I 1307 Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall , † beheaded June 19, 1312; ⚭ II April 28, 1317 Hugh de Audley , 1337 Earl of Gloucester, † 1347
          6. (II) Elizabeth , * probably 1295, † 1360, 1317 heiress of Clare , 1320 heiress of Usk and Caerleon ; ⚭ I September 30, 1308 John de Burgh, † 1313; ⚭ II 1316 Theobald de Verdon , † July 1316; ⚭ III May 1317 Roger Damory , † executed 1322
        3. (II) Thomas , * 1244/47, † August 29, 1287, 1276 Lord of Thomond (Ireland), 1276 Chancellor of Ireland ; ⚭ 1275 Juliana of Offely, daughter of Maurice
          1. Gilbert , * 1281, † 1308, 1299 Lord of Thomond; ⚭ Isabella, † 1322
          2. Richard , * after 1281, X 1318 in Ireland; ⚭ Johanna, † 1322
            1. Thomas, * 1318, † 1321, ultimus familiae
          3. Maud , † after 1327; ⚭ I Robert de Clifford , X June 24, 1314; ⚭ II Robert de Welle, † 1320
          4. Margaret , † 1333; ⚭ I 1289 Gilbert de Umfraville, 7th Earl of Angus , † before 1307; ⚭ II 1312 Bartholomew de Badlesmere , † executed 1322
          5. Master Richard , bastard, * probably 1286, † 1338, spiritual
        4. (II) Bogo , born July 21, 1248, † October 1294, Thesaurarius in York, Chancellor of Llandaff
        5. (II) Margret , * 1250, † 1312; ⚭ October 6 or 7, 1272, divorced in February 1293/94, Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall , † October 1, 1300 ( House Plantagenet )
        6. (II) Rohese , * 1252, † after 1299; ⚭ 1270 Roger de Mowbray, † 1297 ( House Mowbray )
        7. (II) Eglantina, * and † 1257
      3. Isabel , born November 2, 1226, † after July 10, 1264; ⚭ May 1240 Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale , 1291 claimant to the throne of Scotland , † before May 3, 1294
      4. William , * 1228, † July 1258
      5. Gilbert, * 1229, † after 1244, spiritual
    2. Richard (Roger), murdered in London in May 1228
    3. Matilda ; ⚭ I William de Braose , † 1210 ( House of Braose ); ⚭ II 1219 Rhys Gryg , † 1233

literature

  • Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables . Volume III, Part I, Plate 156, 1984
  • Michael Altschul: A baronial family in medieval England. The Clares . The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1965,