German Youth Red Cross
| German Youth Red Cross (JRK) |
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| founding | May 27, 1925, Berlin (first foundation) June 11, 1950, Bonn (new foundation) |
| Seat | Berlin , Germany |
| main emphasis | Humanitarian aid , international humanitarian law , child and youth welfare |
| Chair | Marcus Janßen, JRK federal manager |
| Members | approx. 140,000 |
| Website | www.jugendrotkreuz.de |
The German Youth Red Cross ( JRK for short ) represents the Association of German Red Cross in questions relevant to young people , e.g. B. in the youth rings and is therefore not only community , but also youth association of the DRK. Due to this separate position within the DRK, disagreements arose between the communities in some federal states , as some of them pushed their own youth work, which was almost independent of the Red Cross Youth ( standby youth , water rescue youth ). These deviate from the JRK insofar as they offer young people, in addition to the other activities in the JRK, above all specialist training such as swimming and lifeguard training as well as training in nature and water protection or prepare them for use in the specialist services of the standby.
The goals of the Youth Red Cross work are:
- social commitment
- Commitment to health and the environment
- Act for peace and international understanding and
- political and social responsibility
The regular membership age is between 6 and 27 years, managers and specialists required for certain tasks can be older.
The JRK is represented at all association levels by its own democratically elected management staff in the executive boards or presidia of the DRK. At the federal level, the Youth Red Cross has four organs:
- the JRK Federal Conference as the highest supervisory and decision-making body of the JRK at the federal level, in which strategic fundamental decisions are made (consisting of the delegates of the 19 regional associations (72) and one JRK regional leader per regional association as well as the JRK federal management),
- the voluntary JRK federal management, which specifies these decisions and controls and monitors ongoing work, and
- the full-time federal office headed by the JRK federal advisor.
- The JRK regional council serves to coordinate the work of the regional associations among themselves and with the federal association.
The JRK federal leader represents the Youth Red Cross as a member of the Presidium of the DRK .
The history of the German Youth Red Cross
Emergence
On May 27, 1925, the German Youth Red Cross was founded in Berlin by the DRK main board. Role models were the Youth Red Cross in the USA , Canada and some European countries. At that time the youth Red Cross work mainly took place in schools. As early as 1922/23, Walther Georg Hartmann had been working on initial proposals for the establishment of a youth Red Cross in Germany. He received support from DRK President Joachim von Winterfeldt-Menkin and DRK General Secretary Paul Draudt . Initially, however, foundation requests were rejected by the general assembly of the DRK.
The motto of the JRK was "I serve!", The maxims were:
- Service to health
- Service to others
- Service to international understanding
This maxim was in force from 1925 to 1971.
The development of the JRK made rapid progress. This is shown u. a. the following membership numbers:
| time | groups | Members |
|---|---|---|
| November 1926 | approx. 50 | about 1000 |
| April 1929 | 109 | not specified |
| April 1, 1931 | 826 | 21,834 |
| April 1, 1932 | 978 | 25,881 |
| September 1, 1932 | 1,136 | 30,270 |
time of the nationalsocialism
During the time of National Socialism , the Youth Red Cross was ousted by the Hitler Youth . Initially, the Red Cross representatives believed they were safe from the rulers of the National Socialists. The honorable mention of the Youth Red Cross by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick , the good reputation of the magazine Deutsche Jugend and the anchoring of the JRK work in the new DRK statutes of 1933 were positive indications of this. But, as Walther Georg Hartmann writes, the "style and spirit of the new age" must now be brought into the JRK work. Problems soon arose with the Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach when it came to the alleged poaching of BDM workers by the DRK. As a result, there were negotiations between the Reich Youth Leadership and the Red Cross. They were completed in 1935 at the expense of a youth work in the Red Cross. According to this agreement, "the entire young generation of the German Red Cross will be secured exclusively by the Hitler Youth. This means that the continuation of the German Red Cross' s own youth groups is unnecessary." Initially, the JRK was allowed to continue to publish its magazine German Youth . But when the newspaper had to be shut down in 1936, the only thing left for the JRK was the so-called school letter exchange. Youth Red Cross work in the earlier sense therefore no longer existed at this time.
Exchange of school letters
The exchange of school letters was still carried out by the DRK after 1935, as for example the annual report 1937/39 of the DRK shows. The following submissions and outcomes of school letter changes are documented there:
| entrance | output | |
|---|---|---|
| 1936/37 | 203 | 140 |
| 1937/38 | 227 | 130 |
The report also notes that most of the incoming mail came from the Japanese and American Red Cross ; however, the proportion of entries from Japanese schools decreased by 50 percent during the reporting period. According to the DRK, the exchange was carried out with 19 different countries across all continents.
reconstruction
From 1947 the Youth Red Cross was rebuilt - initially in the American zone of occupation ( Bavaria , Hesse , Württemberg-Baden and Bremen ). The first founding decision was made in Bavaria on October 18, 1947.
The first cross-zonal development efforts were made at a meeting of the interim youth Red Cross working committee in Virnsberg on June 2, 1949. The working committee attached great importance to the establishment of a general JRK information service, which from 1952 resulted in the magazine Jugendrotkreuz und Erzieher .
For the post-war period, it was decisive that there was an organizational change: if it was previously students or school communities that made up the Red Cross Youth, there should now be extracurricular JRK groups with young people aged 14 to 18.
The development work progressed rapidly in Germany, as the following figures make clear:
| time | student | School community | Teenagers | JRK groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late 1949 | 115,475 | 2,808 | 24,442 | 767 |
| Mid-1951 | 238.099 | 4,683 | 26,504 | 930 |
| March 1952 | 238.267 | 4,558 | 26,299 | 915 |
| March 1953 | 332,388 | 6,409 | 30.111 | 1,118 |
In West Germany , Ms. Ruth Auffermann took over the chairmanship of the JRK working committee on June 11, 1950. The processing was in the hands of Mr. Götz Fehr. Ms. Auffermann confirmed at a joint meeting in 1951: "The establishment of the JRK in most of the regional associations can be considered complete. We must now agree on how the work should be continued together and with mutual support."
Ten years (1959) after it was founded, the German Youth Red Cross was active in many areas. Here are just a few figures from a report entitled “Helping is a joy for young people”.
- 24,779 personal members in 1,395 groups; 2,155 JRK group leaders
- 10,472 classes with 356,725 students as cooperative members; 8,435 liaison teachers
- 359 mime groups
- 98 old people clubs
- 74,162 students were trained in first aid in 1958; A school medical service was in place at 930 schools
- 38,939 gift boxes were packed and
- 75 sewing and 149 workshops of the JRK were available.
In the 1950s, the JRK annual competitions began, which took place from the district level through the administrative district and federal state to the federal level. The five-person JRK groups had to face tasks from first aid as individuals and in the group in theory and practice. Further topics included realistic emergency presentations , knowledge of the IRK and DRK, as well as health education and state political education.
Youth Red Cross in the DRK of the GDR
On February 15, 1954, the DRK of the GDR issued a 40-hour preliminary training program for the medical readiness of young people for 14 to 18-year-old members of the Red Cross . The main objectives of the Red Cross Youth were named by the Chairman of the Central Committee at the first meeting of the Red Cross Youth at the end of 1955 in Leipzig as follows:
- Collaboration of the JRK in improving the health service,
- social aid programs and
- a program to strengthen friendship between peoples.
From 1957, the training for the members of the youth red cross of the DRK of the GDR was carried out according to the basic training programs for adults. An agreement between the DRK of the GDR and the Free German Youth regulated the cooperation between the two youth organizations from 1957. In January 1957 a secretary of the FDJ was elected as a member of the presidium of the DRK of the GDR; As of July 1957, the Youth Red Cross section "was removed from the operations department and placed under the Secretary General of the GDR DRK as an independent section to increase its effectiveness ". A central youth activity , from 1958 a specialist commission for youth issues , was established.
For the pioneer organization Ernst Thälmann , the Red Cross carried out a 30-hour training program for the working groups of "young paramedics" within the pioneer organizations.
In Wilthen , on February 3, 1990, 27 young people from all district associations constituted a working committee to prepare for the establishment of a youth Red Cross in the DRK of the GDR. The 8th Presidium Meeting of the DRK of the GDR supported the formation of an independent youth structure in the DRK of the GDR as "an association that is independent of any party and should be open to all children and young people." On April 29, 1990, the Youth Red Cross in the DRK of the GDR was officially founded; a central committee was formed and Katrin Bäsell was elected chairwoman. Achim Müller became head of the Youth Red Cross department at the DRK of the GDR. This newly formed JRK therefore only existed for around 250 days; until the new DRK regional associations join the German Red Cross. The last German-German youth exchange took place in July 1990.
The 1970s and 1980s
The work of the Youth Red Cross in schools became more and more difficult to carry out due to various school and educational reforms in West Germany. The schoolwork became less and less important.
A change in the JRK regulations in 1974 also redefined the goals. They were now:
" Since it is oriented towards the requirements of society and the world, the following goals in particular arise:
- Personal responsibility for health,
- Social commitment,
- Peace, understanding between peoples and international cooperation. "
This change in order was preceded by various discussions about the future role of the JRK in the DRK Association; For example, in 1971 at a JRK national meeting on the Wewelsburg, the self-image of the JRK as a self-responsible youth association , the adoption of the newly formulated objectives, the anchoring of political education work, the change in membership age to 25 years as well as possible new structures and working methods were discussed and decided.
Despite all internal discussions, the help for others was not neglected: Action 74 on the topic of development aid was carried out with the support of many JRK regional associations. The aim was to support a youth center of the Red Cross in the Republic of Dahomey (today Benin ) and to promote it through practical development cooperation. The acquisition of donations included u. a. the sale of a single from the young family group , a group of the JRK in Nettersheim near Schleiden .
The 1980s were marked in the Youth Red Cross by the peace discussion in society and in the Red Cross. With the support of the then DRK President Prince zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein , the JRK carried out the campaign "Through humanity to peace" from 1984 onwards. The aim was to ensure that the two additional protocols of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions are ratified by the Federal Republic of Germany . The comprehensive information and texts are recorded in an extensive campaign document.
The 1990s
As a result of German reunification , the eastern and western regional associations grew together again. The German Youth Red Cross was increasingly involved in schools. Various school health care groups were founded and youth Red Cross members offered project days at schools.
The JRK logo
The previous coat of arms logo of the DJRK was replaced by the new logo in 2000. The draft, developed by a communication and advertising agency, was approved by the JRK Federal Delegate Day in September 1999. The logo was officially introduced in 2000 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the German Youth Red Cross on the day of the International Red Cross / Red Crescent on August 5, 2000 as part of the Expo 2000 .
The logo contains the four so-called levels of perception:
- The name as a brand (Jugendrotkreuz)
- Affiliation to the German Red Cross (German Red Cross lettering)
- The focus is on people (three figures in black, red and gold)
- Cosmopolitan and global (globe and meridians).
The basic color of the globe is turquoise, which is composed of the colors green (nature), blue (sea and vastness). There is also a long logo, which is rarely used in public. It can be found on dress shirts and certificates on which the common colorful logo would be inappropriate.
Current logo (since 2000)
Coat of arms logo (used from 1965 to 1999)
Barely used long logo
Youth Red Cross Federal Head
Youth Red Cross leaders at federal level were:
- Ruth Auffermann (1950–1955)
- Mr. Müller (1955–1959)
- Ludwig Englert (1959–1962)
- Götz Fehr (1962–1970)
- Johannes Giesberts (1970–1975)
- Charlotte von Ziegler (1976–1982)
- Jürgen Claßen (1982–1992)
- Dietmar Detert (1992)
- Olaf Jantzen (1993-2001)
- Ulrike Würth (2001-2004)
- Birgit Hantzsch (2004-2007)
- Udo Eller (2007-2009)
- Robin Wagener (2009-2013)
- Marcus Janßen (since 2013)
Ages
The members are divided into several age groups in order to better cater to the needs of children and young people.
The official division of the levels:
- Level I: 6 to 12 years
- Level II: 13 to 16 years
- Level III: 17 to 27 years
The levels are numbered with the Roman number system . "I = 1", "II = 2" and "III = 3"
In some youth Red Cross groups, an additional subdivision of level I into a fourth level (level 0) is now being established. Level 0 (6 to 9 years) and the reduced level I (10 to 12 years). The reason for this is that 6- to 9-year-olds have different needs than 10- to 12-year-old children and so they want to be better addressed. This division has already been adopted by the Lower Saxony regional association.
Campaigns
The German Youth Red Cross has been developing and running various campaigns across Germany since 1999. These are accompanied by projects, campaigns in individual groups or nationwide. Working aids are being developed that enable the individual JRK groups to work on campaign topics.
You th must act
"You th must act" was the first nationwide coordinated campaign of the DJRK and took place from 1998 to 2001. The topic was the situation of child soldiers and the provisions of international humanitarian law . The aim was to obtain an additional protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child that would protect children and young people under the age of 18 from participating in armed conflicts . For example, attention was drawn to the fact that around 90 percent of all war-related deaths in Africa are women and children, and the life situations of children in everyday war life are examined. The German Youth Red Cross cooperated with various other aid organizations such as terre des hommes and UNICEF .
The additional protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which prohibits the recruitment of children and young people under the age of 18, came into force on February 12, 2002. In March 2004, the delegates of the German Federal Delegates Congress passed a resolution against the use of child soldiers. They spoke out in favor of ratifying the additional protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In September 2004, it was ratified in Germany and thus incorporated into German law.
From 1999 to 2004 the DJRK supported a street children center in Kigali (Rwanda), in which former child soldiers are looked after, with donations. More than 14,000 euros were raised with which the street children's center " Center de la Jeunesse " was able to set up fish ponds and stables.
The German Youth Red Cross is a member of the German Alliance for Child Soldiers .
Stay COOL without violence
In May 2001, the Youth Red Cross started the second nationwide campaign under the motto “Stay COOL without violence!”, This time on the topic of violence prevention. It ran until 2003. The goals were to sensitize children and young people to the issue of violence and to promote the constructive conflict ability of young people as well as to develop options for action that represent an alternative to violence and to promote the formation of networks that offer help for those affected. The dispute arbitration program that is still offered in schools today arose from this campaign.
Poverty: don't look away!
As part of the “Poverty: Don't look away!” Campaign from 2004–2007, the German Red Cross addressed child and youth poverty in Germany. In addition to the implementation in group lessons and through other individual projects, a nationwide position paper was adopted. With a campaign duration of three years, this is the longest extracurricular campaign of the German Youth Red Cross to date.
Your strengths. Your future. Without pressure!
The DACHL network started a joint campaign on May 26, 2007 with the title "Your strengths. Your future. Without pressure." The focus was on diverse expectations, insecurities and fears for the future that children and young people can put under pressure, as well as measures to encourage and support them. The campaign ran until June 2009.
Climate helper - change something before the climate does
In 2012, the German Youth Red Cross started the campaign "Climate helpers - change something before the climate does", which deals with the humanitarian consequences of climate change. The main demands of the campaign are:
- more public drinking fountains to protect health
- more shade from trees to protect health
- better preparation of children and young people for extreme weather events
- better education on climate change
- Laws to Admit Climate Refugees
- Implementation of climate protection guidelines in the German Red Cross and active participation in climate protection.
The campaign had its official starting shot on May 25, 2012 at the JRK Supercamp in Xanten .
What's up with humanity?
In 2017 the new JRK campaign started in the Supercamp in Prora . It deals with the highest Red Cross principle , humanity.
Projects
The Youth Red Cross initiates various projects.
Blood + young
Blut + Jung is a joint campaign between the DJRK and the blood donation services of the DRK . The action had been planned as an action week, from 14. June bis 20th June 2010 ran. In the meantime, the concept has been adopted by some district and regional associations and is repeated there every year.
The aim of Blut + Jung is to get young people enthusiastic about donating blood, but member recruitment is also on the program.
Blood donation guides
The DJRK regional associations of Lower Saxony, Oldenburg, Bremen and Thuringia have been training young adults to become so-called blood donation guides since 2011. The task of a blood donation guide is to provide first-time donors with advice and assistance during blood donation appointments. By 2012, almost 20 blood donation guides had been trained.
School projects
In cooperation with the schools, the Youth Red Cross carries out various projects at schools.
The JRK schoolwork pursues the following goals:
Humanitarian school
The Humanitarian School campaign is a project of the Lower Saxony Red Cross Youth. It has been running since 2004 and the campaign patron is Rudolf Seiters (President of the German Red Cross). The aim of the campaign is to sensitize schoolchildren to topics such as humanity and thereby increase social engagement.
An important part of this campaign is the business game help (abbreviation for: humanitarian development and learning project), which the students have to go through. help is a role-playing game for 14 to 35 players. This game is about the conflict between a fictional country and one of its provinces. The United Nations has set up a subcommittee to solve the problem. The students should put themselves in the position of the delegates and work out possible solutions together.
Another important part of this campaign is the humanitarian project that schools have to go through. This project must be carried out within the current school year. The school and the students are free to choose how they want to do humanitarian work.
Once a year, the participating schools are certified and are then allowed to wear the “Humanitarian School” logo.
In addition to the Lower Saxony Youth Red Cross, this campaign is now also being carried out by other regional associations. It is developing more and more from a campaign by a regional association to a nationwide campaign.
School medical service
In cooperation with the schools and the Barmer GEK , the youth red cross oversees a school medical service at many schools . The school paramedics receive at least 8 double first aid training . The youth red cross takes over the financing of the training and further education (school paramedics), training and further education material, the clothing and the group activities. The school, on the other hand, takes over the financing of the teacher, training and further education (teacher) and the room equipment and first aid material according to the statutory accident insurance .
The school medical service at the executing schools has its own room, which is equipped as a medical room. As part of the school work, the school paramedics meet regularly to refresh their knowledge and to discuss past missions. The supervision of the school medical service by the JRK is coordinated at the district association level. The district association can appoint a coordinator for this.
Arbitrator
Dispute mediators are students who are specially trained in dispute resolution. This is not about giving a right or not being right or giving a lecture. Arbitrators must keep a neutral point of view. To this end, the disputing parties are invited to a dispute settlement meeting, where the people involved can explain their points of view. The aim of the dispute settlement discussion is to look for a solution together.
Body + Grips mobile
The Body + Grips-Mobil ( BGM for short ) is a project for health education and health prevention. The mobile project is in Westphalia-Lippe , Saxony-Anhalt , Saarland , North Rhine and Rhineland-Palatinate . The Body + Grips mobile is developed and maintained by the Red Cross Youth. It is a station course on the five subject areas ( exercise , nutrition , me + you, sexuality and addiction ) with perception, experimentation and information stations.
JRK journals at the federal level
From January 1926 to March 1936 the magazine Deutsche Jugend was published , which was produced by the Red Cross Youth in the DRK General Secretariat. Despite the high reputation of this newspaper, it had to cease its publication in March 1936 because the National Socialist Teachers' Association put the magazine on the index in the summer of 1935. At the instigation of the Hitler Youth (HJ), the publication had to be stopped in March 1936. The reason for this was undoubtedly the humanitarian sentiment of the Red Cross as well as the suppression of newspapers that the Hitler Youth with their own school magazine Help with! opposed.
After the re-establishment of the DRK , the work and information sheet for teachers and friends of the Red Cross Youth in the British Zone of Germany was published from 1949 to 1951 . This publication was continued in 1952 under the title Jugendrotkreuz und Erzieher until 1990.
The magazine Junge Hilfe appeared in two different editions (for older and younger members) from 1948 to 1972 . It initially had the addition "School and Youth Red Cross Magazine" and is listed in the catalog of the German National Library as "official organ of the German Red Cross, Youth Red Cross". This was followed from 1973 to 1975 by the jrk magazine , the "youth magazine of the German Youth Red Cross". From 1976 to 1986 the JRK magazine was published . The first year appeared in the unusual portrait format (39.5 × 20 cm). The format was not well received by the members and was changed to a normal format in 1977.
A special children's magazine for young JRK members was the magazine Bernie , which appeared for only five years, from 1987 to 1992.
From 1990 to 2007 the magazine Jugendrotkreuz: das Magazin was the publication for JRK members as well as for group leaders.
The information service Youth-Letter - JRK-Info for district leaders - was published from 1996 to 2007. The target group were mainly the district youth leaders. It was distributed by direct mail and to the DRK district associations. Later it received the addition "Information for management staff". From issue 6/2008 it was called Jugendrotkreuz + quer - information for management staff. From this time on, the Youth Letter was available as a download or via e-mail.
From 1953 to 1966 the magazine die Arbeitsgemeinschaft ( worksheets for the organization of youth work in the German Red Cross) was published especially for JRK group leaders with four issues per year.
These are only the federal publications that have been produced by the office of the DRK General Secretariat. In addition, there are and were numerous member magazines of the individual JRK regional associations.
The magazine Das Jugendrotkreuz was published by the DRK of the GDR from 1959 to 1962 .
literature
- Alfred Grimm: Aims and Paths: Workbook ; published by the Lower Saxony state management of the German Youth Red Cross. Hanover 1948.
- Götz Fehr: How does the Youth Red Cross work? Handbook for the teacher . Bonn 1951.
- Götz Fehr: All are brothers: a companion for young people ; a commemorative gift issued by the German Red Cross on the occasion of the 125th birthday of the founder of the Red Cross J. Henry Dunant; Annual gift of the German Youth Red Cross. Hamburg 1953.
- Jürgen Axer: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 . Bonn 1985.
- German Red Cross: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 . Themed journal, supplement from Die Rotkreuz-Zeitung 10/1985. Bonn / Munich 1985.
- German Red Cross: The Youth Red Cross . Themed journal, supplement from Die Rotkreuz-Zeitung 7 / 8-1990. Bonn / Munich 1990.
- German Youth Red Cross: The jubilee JRK - 75 years . Bonn 2000.
See also
Web links
- German Youth Red Cross
- Audio interview with Sören Hildebrand (MP3, 24 MB) about his work as a youth Red Cross functionary in the Baden Red Cross regional association and the importance of the youth red cross movement for youth, culture and education
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regulations of the German Youth Red Cross, as of November 30, 2012, No. 5.4, Paragraph 2 ( Memento of December 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gerd Cichlinski: Origin, development and goals of the Youth Red Cross in Germany . Koblenz 1978
- ↑ Statutes of the German Red Cross, § 2 Paragraph 2 No. 9, established on November 29, 1933. In: Blätter des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes , 1933, p. 533 ff.
- ↑ quoted from: Morgenbrod / Merkenich: The German Red Cross under the Nazi dictatorship 1933-1945 . Paderborn 2008, p. 106
- ^ German Red Cross: Leaves of the German Red Cross , Issue 4/1935, p. 534 f.
- ↑ see also: Morgenbrod / Merkenich: The end of the youth red cross . In: The German Red Cross under the Nazi dictatorship 1933-1945 . Paderborn 2008, pp. 105–111
- ↑ see also: Guidelines for changing school letters. In: Dr. Jürgen Axer: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 . Bonn 1985, p. 57 f.
- ^ German Red Cross: Annual report of the German Red Cross 1937/39 . Berlin 1939, p. 79 f.
- ^ History . In: Bavarian Youth Red Cross . November 17, 2015 ( jrk-bayern.de [accessed December 22, 2016]).
- ^ German Red Cross: Rotkreuz-Werk 1945-1951 . Bonn 1952, p. 50
- ↑ Youth Red Cross and Educators , No. 3, March 1952
- ↑ Youth Red Cross and Educators , No. 3, March 1953
- ↑ Dr. Jürgen Axer: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 ; 1985, p. 59 ff.
- ↑ Götz Fehr: Young people enjoy helping . In: Jugendrotkreuz und Erzieher, No. 11, November 1959. Bonn 1959
- ↑ Manfred Horz: District competition of the DRK Oberlahn - JRK Obertiefenbach sets the winning group and qualifies for the district competition . Ed .: Nassauische Landeszeitung. Limburg May 19th 1969.
- ↑ Manfred Horz: JRK Obertiefenbach among the best in the district competition - DRK youth group represented the Oberlahn district in Wiesbaden excellently . Ed .: Nassauische Landeszeitung. Limburg June 3rd 1969.
- ↑ Dr. Werner Ludwig: Red Cross: Origin and Change . Dresden 1958, p. 247 ff.
- ↑ Werner Ludwig: Red Cross: Origin and Change . Dresden 1958, p. 126 ff., 242 ff.
- ↑ Decrees and communications of the Ministry of Popular Education, Issue 28, 1958, p. 224
- ^ German Red Cross of the GDR, Presidium: Program for the activities of working groups "Young Paramedics" . Dresden 1985
- ^ German Red Cross (ed.): The future turned: The union of the two German Red Cross societies . Bonn 2000, p. 89 ff.
- ^ Regulations for the German Youth Red Cross, as amended on October 1, 1974
- ↑ Dr. Jürgen Axer: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 . Bonn 1985, p. 74 ff.
- ^ German Red Cross, Youth Red Cross Unit: JRK Campaign '84: Through Humanity to Peace - Geneva Red Cross Agreement and ratification of the additional protocols . Bonn 1994
- ↑ Tacke, Neumann & Partner: Targeted conceptual considerations for the "Jugendrotkreuz" logo development. Duisburg 1999
- ^ Campaign "Youth must act" ( Memento from December 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Campaign: Stay Cool ( Memento from December 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Campaign "Poverty: Don't Look Away!" ( Memento from December 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Campaign "Your strengths. Your future. Without pressure!" ( Memento from July 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Campaign "Climate Helpers - Change something before the climate does" ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ YouTube -JRKaktuell - JRK-Supercamp 2012 Xanten
- ^ Official website of the JRK campaign
- ↑ Conception of the "Blut + Jung" action week ( memento from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ JRK Lower Saxony - Activity Report 2011/2012 p. 6
- ↑ Humanitarian School
- ↑ Humanitarian School - Project Reports 2013 ( Memento from January 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ School project: "School Sanitation Service" ( Memento from December 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ "School project:" Dispute Resolution " ( Memento from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ School project: "Body + Grips-Mobil" ( Memento from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Dr. Jürgen Axer: We - the Youth Red Cross 1925-1985 . Bonn 1985, p. 48
- ↑ Gerd Cichlinski: Origin, development and goals of the Youth Red Cross in Germany . Koblenz 1978, p. 59
- ↑ Worksheet and information sheet in the catalog of the German National Library
- ↑ Journal Jugendrotkreuz und Erzieher in the catalog of the German National Library
- ^ Journal of Young Help in the catalog of the German National Library
- ↑ Journal of the German National Library in the catalog jrk
- ^ JRK magazine in the catalog of the German National Library
- ^ Bernie magazine in the catalog of the German National Library
- ^ Zeitschrift Jugendrotkreuz: the magazine in the catalog of the German National Library
- ^ Youth-Letter magazine in the catalog of the German National Library
- ↑ JRK-Kriftel: all available online editions
- ^ Journal of the working group in the catalog of the German National Library
- ^ Journal Das Jugendrotkreuz in the catalog of the German National Library