Virnsberg

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Virnsberg
Flachslanden market
Coordinates: 49 ° 25 ′ 21 ″  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 42 ″  E
Height : 436  (406-465)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 261  (Jan. 1, 2017)
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 91604
Area code : 09829
Virnsberg (2008)
Virnsberg (2008)
St. Dionysius
Former school house
Fronhaus

Virnsberg (colloquially: Fi ɹ nschberch ) is a district of the Flachslanden market in the Ansbach district in Middle Franconia .

geography

The place lies at the foot of the Petersberg-Virnsberg-Heights , which are part of the Northern Franconian Heights . In the south a valley is formed by the Kemmathbach, a right tributary of the Zenn . Two upper reaches of this brook (Virnsberger Bach, Weihergraben) have their sources to the west and east of the parish village , which forms a closed settlement with Boxau to the northeast .

The district road AN 21 leads to Sondernohe (1.8 km north) or the state road 2245 crossing Neustetten past Flachslanden to state road 2253 (2.5 km south). A community connecting road leads to Kemmathen (1 km northwest).

history

Virnsberg Castle was first mentioned by name in 1235 as "Virnsperc". A settlement called "Steinweg" was added later. The name of the place refers to the Vircunnia forest nearby and was mentioned for the first time in 786 in a monastery document of Charlemagne . From 1294 to 1806 this castle belonged to the Teutonic Order , which was also active in the upper Aisch Valley from there . The German-Nordic Office Virnsberg originally belonged to the Kommende Nürnberg . The Kommende Virnsberg existed from 1525 to 1806 . In 1532 a hospital for the Teutonic Order was added.

In the Bavarian War (1459–1463) against the Margrave Albrecht Achilles , Duke Ludwig IX fell. (Bavaria) in September 1461 in his possessions in Franconia. He looted and pillaged the village of Virnsberg, among other things.

At the end of the 18th century Virnsberg formed a community with Boxau and Kemmathen. In Virnsberg there were 38 properties (castle with 2 houses, utility building, office building, sheep farm, hospital, church, rectory, 1 sixth courtyard, 3 sixteenth courtyard, 1 thirty-second courtyard, 20 houses, 4 sanctuary). The high court exercised the Obervogteiamt Virnsberg . The Teutonic Order Coming Virnsberg held the village and community rulership and the lordship over all properties.

In 1806 Virnsberg came to the Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict , the Virnsberg tax district was formed in 1808 , to which Berglein , Boxau , Dörflein , Hainklingen , Kemmathen , Lockenmühle , Neustetten , Obernbibert , Schmalnbühl and Wippenau belonged. The rural community Virnsberg was founded in 1811 and corresponded to the tax district. It was subordinate to the Ansbach Regional Court in administration and jurisdiction and to the Ansbach Rent Office ( renamed Ansbach Tax Office in 1920 ).

With the second community edict (1818) Wippenau was re-incorporated to Flachslanden and Obernbibert to Unterstbibert , while Sondernohe was incorporated to Virnsberg. On June 12, 1824, the rural community of Virnsberg was split up:

  • Rural community Neustetten with Berglein, Dörflein, Hainklingen, Lockenmühle and Schmalnbühl;
  • Rural community Sondernohe;
  • Rural community Virnsberg with Boxau, Kemmathen.

In 1833, Götteldorf , Sondernohe, Unternbibert and Virnsberg applied for a move to the Markt Erlbach regional court , but this was rejected. The cutting mill was first mentioned by name in 1840. From 1862 on, Virnsberg was administered by the Ansbach district office (renamed the Ansbach district in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court of Ansbach until 1870, 1870-1879 city ​​and district court Ansbach , since 1880 district court Ansbach . The municipality had an area of ​​4,746 km². On May 1, 1978, the municipality was incorporated into the Flachslanden market as part of the regional reform .

Historical descriptions

In the geographic statistical-topographic lexicon of Franconia (1804) the place is described as follows:

“ Virnsberg also Viernsberg, in ancient times a strong castle, owned by knights of this name, came from these to Gottfried von Hohenlohe, with Emperor Frederick II's approval pro recompensatione damni a Ludovico de Virnsberg Gotfrido de Hohenlohe illati.
In 1235 Gottfried von Hohenlohe sold the Viernsberg Fortress to Conrad II Burgrave of Nuremberg. S. Hanselmanns diplomatic proof of the Hohenlohe sovereignty etc. Pages 78 and 400.
From the burgrave Konrad III. and his wife Agnes was Viernsberg with all its rights, justice, affiliations and affiliations in the year 1204 to the German order, after Konrads III. Sons Friedrich, Konrad and Gottfried were accepted into the German order, ceded and handed over. The letter of gift see in Select. Norimberg. Part IV p. 109. Falckenstein's Part IV. Nordgauische Antiquities Nro. 77. S. 87.
Viernsberg is a beautiful mountain castle, with an excellent garden, which was previously inhabited by their own commentators, but is now the seat of the judicial and cameral clerk.
The Viernsberger Amt has an extensive, traditional Fraisch district, about which important contracts were concluded with the princely houses of Ansbach and Bayreuth in 1731 and 1754. [...]
The Virnsberg Office is fertile in terms of grain, has considerable forests, good meadow wax and therefore excellent cattle breeding. "

In the topo-geographical-statistical lexicon of the Kingdom of Bavaria (1832) the place is described as follows:

“ Virnsberg, Viernsberg, Kirchdorf with 1 local chaplaincy in the dec [an] Gebsattel and L [an] dg [ericht Ansbach, 3 1 ⁄ 4 hours] from Ansbach and 4 hours from Wilhermsdorf. It contains 92 houses with 172 inhabitants, the Bocksmühle and 1 beautiful castle with a garden. The strong castle Virnsberg had its own nobility, from which the place was given to Gottfried v. Hohenlohe and then in 1235 with the dominum directum to the burgrave Konrad II of Nuremberg; the dominum utile owned by Messrs. Uffenheim. In 1294 the same came to the Teutonic Order, which demanded full sovereignty over it, and was ultimately the seat of a large office. "

Architectural monuments

  • In 1915 the Roman Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius was built. The interior is from the chapel of the Teutonic Order Castle, which was built around 1715 and was mainly furnished around the middle of the 18th century.
  • former Deutschordensburg
  • Schoolhouse, former hospital of the Teutonic Order, with an inscription stone from 1532, current appearance under the command of the Barons von Eyb (until 1764) by master builder Johann Georg Scholl : two-storey plastered building with sandstone structure, rusticated corner pilasters, plaster fields and mansard roof ; arched window frames on consoles. In the uniaxial central projecting arched portal with Eyb'schem coat of arms, above it just roofing with Teutonic coat of arms and trophies, next to it on consoles sandstone figures of St. Elisabeth and St. George (damaged by war and lost their heads). Back entrance with Teutonic coat of arms, marked 1532. On the ground floor a cross-ridge-vaulted room; also large hall with stucco ceiling: in ribbon work German order cross, eye of God and initials of Christ.
  • Sheep barn: Quarry stone building, probably from the 18th century, with a hipped roof
  • House No. 28: House with a gate on the way to Kemmathen, probably from the 18th century
  • Haus Hofmann : former school house of the Teutonic Order, built under Provincial Commander Philipp Waldecker von Kempf (1750ff.), Simple solid construction with a weathered coat of arms.
  • House No. 24 ( Gasthaus zum Kreuz ): two-storey half-timbered building with ancillary buildings (gate marked 1730). On the facade, a Baroque Madonna, probably early 18th century, on an acanthus console. On the ground floor stove with cast iron plates (representation of the prodigal son ), on the upper floor stove with cast iron plates (Saint George and coat of arms marked 1774) and ceiling with frame stucco. On the memory plates of a stove with coat of arms inscribed 1771.
  • House no. 31: former labor house and prison of the Teutonic Order, built under Provincial Commander Franz Sigismund Adalbert von Lehrbach (1769–1787). Two-storey building with plastered fields, rusticated corner pilasters, hipped roof and dormers. Portal with slightly arched roof, rococo ornaments, heraldic cartouche with Eyb'schem coat of arms and above it probably destroyed Teutonic order coat of arms with trophies, a mask over the middle window of the upper floor.
  • House No. 45: The barrel-vaulted cellar of the former tithe barn of the Teutonic Order has been preserved.
  • Shrines:
    • in front of house no. 11 a late Gothic sandstone shrine; Crucifixion relief with Mary and John under a Gothic frieze; on the reverse the head of Christ and coat of arms of the Teutonic Order; empty niches on the sides
    • at the bend in the street in the middle of the village Martersäule with a round shaft, inscribed "1705"

See also: List of architectural monuments in Flachslanden # Virnsberg

Population development

Virnsberg community

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970
Residents 742 257 343 335 321 314 319 315 340 341 330 324 347 329 310 311 313 306 286 347 348 336 380 348
Houses 132 47 56 57 66 60 64 69
source

Place Virnsberg

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987 002010 002017
Residents 172 198 246 251 263 269 237 266 298 257 280 289 261
Houses 31 36 45 53 47 51 54 76
source

religion

The place remained Catholic even after the Reformation. The residents of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination are parish to St. Laurentius (Flachslanden) , the residents of the Roman Catholic denomination to St. Dionysius (Virnsberg) .

literature

Web links

Commons : Virnsberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Virnsberg in the Topographia Franconiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b www.flachslanden.de
  2. ↑ a b E. Fechter, p. 189 ff.
  3. ↑ Virnsberg in the Bavaria Atlas
  4. ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. 1950; 2nd edition, Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1978, ISBN 3-87707-013-2 , p. 99.
  5. ↑ Manfred Keßler: Der Rittersitz zu Dettelsau, dissertation, 2009, p. 78 online
  6. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 138.
  7. ↑ State Archives Nuremberg , Government of Middle Franconia, Chamber of the Interior, 1952, 3850: Formation of the municipal and rural communities in the district court of Ansbach 1808-17. Quoted from M. Jehle, Vol. 2, p. 961.
  8. ↑ M. Jehle, Vol. 2, p. 949; K. Rosenhauer, p. 10.
  9. ↑ M. Jehle, Vol. 2, p. 949; HH Hofmann, p. 176.
  10. ↑ a b c Eduard Vetter (Hrsg.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 46 ( digitized version ). According to the historical municipality register, the municipality had 378 inhabitants.
  11. ↑ M. Jehle, Vol. 2, p. 1013.
  12. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 758 ( digitized version ).
  13. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 707 .
  14. ↑ JK Bundschuh, Volume 6, Col. 27-29.
  15. ^ Joseph Anton Eisenmann, Karl Friedrich Hohn (ed.): Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon from the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 2 : M-Z . Palm and Enke, Erlangen 1832, p. 934 ( digitized version ).
  16. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  17. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 98 ( digitized version ). For the municipality of Virnsberg plus the residents and buildings of Berglein (p. 9), Boxau (p. 11), Dörflein (p. 19), Hainklingen (p. 35), Kemmathen (p. 47), Lockenmühle (p. 55 ), Neustetten (p. 68), Schmalnbühl (p. 82) and Sondernohe (p. 87).
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 165 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 986 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 152 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1152 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Community directory for the Kingdom of Bavaria. Manufactured due to the new organization of government districts, district offices and judicial districts. Addendum to issue 36 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1879, p. 60 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Community directory for the Kingdom of Bavaria. Results of the census of December 1, 1880. Issue 35 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1882, p. 173 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1092 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1156 ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1194 ( digitized version ).
  27. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1031 ( digitized version ).
  28. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 172 ( digitized version ).
  29. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 327 ( digitized version ).