Dmitri Malyschko first appeared in international competitions as part of the European Junior Championships in 2005 and was eighth in the individual, tenth in the sprint and 29th in the pursuit race in Kontiolahti . It was not until 2007 that further races followed in the context of the Junior European Cup in Geilo and Torsby , including a second place in a sprint behind Fredrik Lindström . After that it took two years again until Malyschko 2009 as part of the IBU Cup in Ridnaun debuted with the men and was in his first race, a single, seventh. In the same season he was able to improve his best result in this racing series in a single in Nové Město na Moravě to fifth place. The first major event was the 2010 European Biathlon Championships in Otepää , where Malyschko was 25th in the individual and won the silver medal with Alexei Wolkow , Vladimir Semakow and Viktor Wassiljew in the relay race behind the German team. At his first start in the World Cup, Dmitri Malyschko took tenth place in the sprint in Hochfilzen in the 2011/12 season and immediately reached the top ten and won his first points. Malyschko took his first podium place with third place in the pursuit of Kontiolahti in 2012. In the 2012/13 season Dmitri Malyschko was able to win a World Cup race for the first time: he was successful in the Oberhof sprint. The next day he was also able to win the persecution.
At the 2014 Winter Olympics , Malyschko was together with Alexei Volkov, Yevgeny Ustjugow and Anton Schipulin Olympic champion in the relay competition. He was 28th in the sprint, 33rd in the pursuit and 20th in the mass start race.