Bludovice (Havířov)

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Bludovice
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Bludovice (Havířov) (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Karviná
Municipality : Havířov
Geographic location : 49 ° 46 '  N , 18 ° 28'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 45 '42 "  N , 18 ° 27' 50"  E
Residents : 2,622 (2011)
License plate : T
traffic
Next international airport : Ostrava Airport

Bludovice (formerly Dolní Bludovice , German Nieder Bludowitz , obsolete Blaude, Polish Błędowice Dolne ) is a southern district of Havířov in the Czech Republic . The old village lay along the right bank of the Lučina . With the districts Podlesí and Životice it forms the cadastral municipality of Bludovice .

history

The place was first mentioned in the Peterspfennigregister of the year 1335 as the parish Bluda in the Teschen deanery . In the literature it has often been suggested that the founder was Bluda von Titschein (Hycin), who u. a. in the border treaty of 1297 (which regulated the border between the Polish-Silesian duchy of Teschen and the Moravian diocese of Olomouc along the Ostrawitza ) as et fideles nostri comites de Vriburch Bludo; Bludone dicto de Hycin was mentioned. This led the Czech researcher Rudolf Šrámek, himself from Ostrava , to the conclusion that the Starý Jičín castle took part in the colonization of Cieszyn Silesia . The Bludovic family could have owned the village of Paskov on the left, western bank of the Ostrawitza as early as the middle of the 13th century . According to the Polish researcher Robert Mrózek, the place name Bluda was, along with Dubrowa ( Doubrava u Orlové ), one of the rare names before the introduction of the Czech official language in the Kingdom of Bohemia and around 1430 in the Duchy of Teschen, with the obviously Czech linguistic property, namely absence the Polish nasal vowel - but this was added in the following mentions in the Latin-language documents in the names with the typical West Slavic suffix - (ov / ow) ice, most likely because of the pronunciation of the village people, e.g. B. Blandowicz (1425), as well as occasionally appeared in Czech-language documents ( Bludowskych [owner] z dolnich Blendowicz [place name] , 1592). In 1434 the German adaptation of the name [von der] Blaude , then [von der] Blawde (1452) appeared, which was no longer used after the Middle Ages. In 1450 Blandowicze were mentioned as duas willas (two villages), later z nieznich (1461) and z Dolnich (1483) - Dolní Bludovice / Błędowice Dolne / Nieder Bludowitz and de Superiori Blauda (1485) and z Huornich Bludowicz (1520) ) - Horní Bludovice / Błędowice Górne / Ober Bludowitz. In the local Polish-Silesian dialect , the name Błyndowice Dolne / Důlne was pronounced.

Until the middle of the 15th century, both villages were owned by the Bludowski family, who used the Kornic coat of arms . Jan Bludowski z nieznich Bludowicz was first mentioned in 1461 , who founded a noble family who used the coat of arms with a billy goat . The family used the Bludowski surname until the 20th century, but sold the village before the mid-16th century.

The parish church of Bluda (1447) became Lutheran during the Reformation (in the report of the episcopal visitation from Breslau in 1652: In villa Bludowitz ecclesia parochialis (...) see Margaritae ... ). After the death of Duchess Elisabeth Lukretias in 1653, the Teschen branch of the Silesian Piast family died out and the duchy fell as a settled fiefdom to the Crown of Bohemia, which had owned the House of Habsburg since 1526 . The Habsburgs initiated the re-Catholicization of the subjects. In 1654 a Habsburg special commission returned 49 churches and one chapel to the Catholics, including in Blendowice . The mentions of two Protestant pastors in Bludowitz come from this time: Jan Pragenus (1646 to 1654) and Germanius Krystian († 1653). Before 1693, Pragenus Krzysztof also secretly preached for the Lutheran majority ( In pago Bludowitz (...) parochiani 130 catholici, reliqui et longe parte maiori Lutherani ).

According to the tolerance patent , a Lutheran prayer house was built between 1782 and 1784, the seat of a parish in the superintendent of A. B. Moravia and Silesia .

At the turn of the 19th century, a straight state road from Troppau through Nieder Bludowitz to Teschen was laid out.

In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Bludowitz, Nieder a good (with a part of Nieder Dattin and Ziwotitz) and village with a stately castle in the Teschner district . The village had 208 houses with 993 inhabitants in Silesian-Polish dialect. Also on the ethnographic map of the Austrian monarchy by Karl von Czoernig-Czernhausen from 1855, Bludovic was on the Polish side of the linguistic border along the Luczina.

After the abolition of patrimonial it became a municipality in Austrian Silesia , in the Teschen district . After the district of Freistadt was spun off in 1868, it became with Nieder Dattin and Šumbark one of the northwestern Lutheran peninsula of the judicial district of Teschen (from 1901 of the district of Teschen, after the spinning off of the Friedek district ). According to the census in the years 1880 to 1910, the population increased from 1967 in 1880 to 2537 in 1910. Polish speakers were in Nieder-Bludowitz in contrast to Ober- and Mittelbludowitz in the judicial district (from 1901 a political district) Friedek in an absolute majority (from 92 , 3% in 1880 to 97.8% in 1890), followed by 102 or 5.2% Czech speakers and 49 or 2.5% German speakers in 1880. In 1910, 2,173 (85.3%) were Protestants, 329 (12th , 9%) Roman Catholics, 26 (1%) Jews. In the early 20th century, a national conflict flared up between Poles and Czechs. Petr Bezruč published the poem Blendovice in the Silesian Songs , in which he presented the local Catholic cemetery as the background for the commentary on the alleged Polonization of the native Silesians (he spreads the theory of the Polonized Moravians ) by the church.

From 1907 the municipality belonged to the constituency of Silesia 13 . In the first general, equal, secret and direct Reichsrat election in 1907 and the Reichsrat election in 1911 , Ryszard Kunicki from the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia and Teschen Silesia won four times .

The administrative border changes (red line) of the city of Havířov after the Second World War, Nieder Bludowitz in the south, the first socialist-realistic working-class city in blue

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of 1918, the area of ​​Teschen was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territory Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Bludovice should fall to Poland as Błędowice. However, the Czechoslovak government did not recognize this. After the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , a referendum that was not carried out and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the victorious powers on July 28, 1920, the place became part of Czechoslovakia and the Český Těšín district. In the interwar period, the Polish poet Wiesław Adam Berger lived there , who wrote poems like Most nad Łucyną (The Bridge over the Luczina) on the spot. In 1938, Bludovice was annexed by Poland as part of the Olsa region and the new Polish border town came to the German Reich the following year after the invasion of Poland . Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Teschen and came back to Czechoslovakia after the end of the war.

In 1947, the construction of the socialist-realistic workers' town for the Ostrau-Karwiner coal and industrial area along the Teschener Chaussee began in the north. On December 18, 1955, 230 hectares of area were spun off from Bludovice for the new town of Havířov. The rest of Bludovice was incorporated in 1960. In the following decades numerous prefabricated housing estates emerged in the north. These were mostly attached to today's Havířov-Město (Havířov City), with the exception of Podlesí , which is a separate district named after a hamlet of Bludovice.

  • Lutheran Church

  • Old Lutheran cemetery

  • Catholic Church

  • Catholic cemetery

  • House of the Polish minority

  • Polish elementary school

  • Czech primary school

  • Lučina river in Bludovice

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Bludovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) (=  Dzieje Śląska Cieszyńskiego od zarania do czasów współczesnych . Volume 2 ). Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 312 (Polish).
  2. ↑ Joannes Ptaśnik: Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana. Tomus 1: Acta Camerae Apostolicae. Volume 1: 1207-1344 (= Wydawnictwa Komisji Historycznej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie. 71, ZDB -ID 1097474-X ). Sumptibus Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis, Krakau 1913, p. 366, ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 41 (Polish).
  4. ↑ R. Mrózek, 1984, p. 326
  5. ↑ Miloň Dohnal: Hukvaldské panství v období středověké kolonizace. Sborník prací Pedagogické fakulty v Ostravě . Řada Historica-Geographica, 1987, p. 6. (Czech)
  6. ↑ a b Joseph Jungnitz (Red.): Publications from the Prince Bishop's Diocesan Archives in Breslau. Vol 2. Visit reports of the Diocese of Wroclaw. Archdiaconate Opole , Breslau, 1904, pp. 232, 561.
  7. ^ Jan Broda: Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski "Didache", Katowice 1992, ISBN 83-8557200-7 , Materiały do ​​dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku, p. 259-260, 277 (Polish).
  8. ↑ Karol Michejda: Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski "Didache", Katowice 1992, ISBN 83-8557200-7 , Dzieje Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim do roku 1909, p. 146 (Polish).
  9. ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, pp. 155–156 ( e-copy )
  10. ↑ Ethnographic map of the Austrian monarchy by Carl Freiherr von Czörnig (1855)
  11. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 283 (Polish, online ).
  12. ↑ Grzegorz Pietrzak: Motywy antypolskie i antykapitalistyczne w Pieśniach śląskich Petra Bezruča [Anti-Polish and anti-capitalist motifs in Petr Bezruč's Silesian Songs], 2011, p. 21 (Polish)
  13. ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 39, 1907, pp. 196-197. Retrieved February 5, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sbc.org.pl
  14. ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 42, 1907, p. 210. Retrieved February 5, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sbc.org.pl
  15. ^ Wyniki wyborów . In: Ślązak . No. 25 (113), 1911, p. 205. Retrieved February 5, 2017.