Neukirchen village church (Klein Belitz)
The Neukirchen village church is a late medieval village church in Neukirchen, a district of Klein Belitz in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The parish belongs to the church region of Güstrow in the Rostock provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .
history
Neukirchen was first mentioned in a document on March 27, 1232 as Nienkercken (Neuenkirchen). On July 8, 1233, Bishop Brunward granted the Rühn monastery in Bützow with the archdeaconate right over the church in Nienkercken. Around this time Juditha (Jutta) von Neuenkirchen is the owner of the estate and village and was named as legal successor with her son in 1244. In 1248 there was a dispute between the Rühn monastery and Bishop Wilhelm von Schwerin over the church patronage and the benefice of Neuenkirchen.
Around 1365 the von Moltke gentlemen , who already had several estates in the vicinity, were also in Neuenkirchen. But they did not have the patronage of the Church. This was donated to the Bützow Cathedral Chapter on March 12, 1367. The knightly farming village remained in the possession of the von Moltke families until the middle of the 17th century. During the Thirty Years' War Neuenkirchen was heavily devastated in 1642, after which the owners changed quite frequently. Matthias von Vieregge acquired Neuenkirchen in addition to his main estate, Groß Belitz. In 1654 it went to Karl Behrend von Plessen auf Brook and in 1667 to Jürgen von Plüskow . In 1681 Rittmeister von Seeher bought the village and estate that was bought on April 21, 1730 for 25,000 Thaler by District Administrator Hans Albrecht von Plüskow on Klein Belitz. After bankruptcy, Chamberlain von Langen acquired Neuenkirchen in 1750 , received the feudal letter in 1755 and the von Langen families managed the estate until 1945.
Building history
The church in Neukirchen was built in the middle of the 13th century by Westphalian settlers as a strong, heavy field stone building. In contrast to many village churches, there were no longer periods of time between the construction of the choir, nave and tower. Nevertheless, about 100 years passed until completion, which also explains the transition from round arched windows in the choir to the pointed arched windows in the nave. Bricks were used for the gables, the portal and the windows.
The outer
The stone church made of hewn granite stones was built with a single nave with a straight choir and two pitched roofs with plain tiles. The square west tower with particularly thick masonry made of field stones and the width of the nave, has an eight-sided pointed spire and four brick gables. Once covered with monk and nun roof tiles, it was re-roofed in 1982 with shingles made from Canadian red cedar .
On the north and south side of the nave, the pointed arch windows are arranged in groups of three. For stability, buttresses were added to the nave and the sacristy annex at a later date. On the south and east sides of the choir, pairs of arched brick windows were installed. The north side of the choir received a sacristy with a stepped gable in the 15th century . The south porch is an ingredient from the first half of the 18th century. Crosses had been inserted into the brick masonry as decorative elements in the eastern gable triangles of the nave and the choir.
The field stone masonry shows remnants of a presumably medieval lime plaster. There are traces of scratched joints painted in red. In the 19th century there were still traces of a Romanesque ornamental frieze painted on the lime plaster .
On the north side of the church there was once another extension with the stairs to the galleries. It was demolished after 1945 and the wall openings to the galleries closed. During this renovation, a breakthrough was made from the tower room into the nave. The shingles made of Canadian red cedar for the roof of the church tower were paid for by the partner community in Aufkirchen in Franconia and introduced into the GDR in 1982 . The roofing took place in 1985. In the course of this, the tower ball attached in 1890 was removed, gilded and put back on again. Today it contains a document from 1890 as well as newspapers, coins and a municipality report from 1985.
The inner
Inside, the nave has two yokes with eight-rib dome vaults. The old portals show the shape of the round arch in the choir and the choir has groin vaults . In the nave, they have the shape of a pressed pointed arch. The nave closes with domical vaults over head consoles and deeply drawn-down belt arches on strong stepped templates. Arched wall projections for a vault are visible in the tower, but this was not implemented.
The old painting in the choir was restored in 2003.
Triumphal cross
The late Gothic wooden crucifix from the second half of the 15th century was originally attached to a beam under the arch to the choir. With the installation of the pulpit, this fastening was no longer possible and the larger than life cross was fastened above the triumphal arch. At the four ends of the cross there are circles with symbols of the evangelists painted on them. The buds attached to the cross indicate the tree of life .
Altar and pulpit
The altarpiece and pulpit date from 1728, are made in the Baroque style from the same workshop, and are decorated in an architectural wooden structure with rich acanthus carvings. In the main field there is the painting of the Crucifixion and the Last Supper in the predella, flanked by laterally arranged allegorical figures, faith (cross) and hope (anchor), in front of coupled pairs of columns, crowned by the eye of God in an angelic cloud. With a festive service on June 16, 2019, the altar from 1728 was put back into use after extensive restoration by the Rostock restorer Heiko Brandner . The altarpiece was a gift from District Administrator Hans Albrecht von Plüskow auf Klein-Belitz and his wife Anna Elisabeth von Bernstorff in 1728.
The parapet of the pulpit is decorated with figures of the four evangelists and the sound cover with clouds of angels and bears the coat of arms of the von Bernstorff family . It was a present from Ilsch Margarete von Bernstorff.
altar
pulpit
On the east wall in the choir there are two grave slabs from 1675 and in the choir there is still a wooden baptismal font.
Skulls
Five skulls are attached to the parapet of the organ gallery . Originally, skulls were used as a decorative object at the funeral of children or the unmarried. The Neukirchen crowns probably all date from the time of the First World War. This is clear from the crown of Paul Sievert, which bears an inscription according to which he fell on March 24, 1918.
Galleries
In the church there were originally three galleries used as patronage stalls. One was in the chancel and two more in the nave. The only gallery still preserved today bears the inscription Freiherr von Meerheimb , Edler from Gnemern, Wokrent, Groß Gischow, Groß Belitz, Klein Gischow and Reinstorf . The windows of this gallery used to be lead-glazed and could be pulled up with straps. The decorative element of another gallery with the coats of arms of the von Plüskow and von Bernstorff families was attached to the wall of the choir.
chandelier
In the church there are two chandeliers made of brass. Both were donated by the von Meerheimb family in 1876 and made by a Nuremberg manufacturer. One chandelier bears figures of the apostles, while the other chandelier is adorned with figures of evangelists. During the restoration of the apostle figures in 2000, it was found that they were made of lead.
Epitaph and painting
On the south wall is the epitaph of the domain tenant Kröger from Matersen with a simple votive image in an elaborately carved frame. Kröger had donated the epitaph in 1686 in memory of his wife and four deceased daughters. The dead are shown in the picture with white shrouds , while the grieving family members wear black. The scene in the upper area of the picture shows the heavenly wedding supper of the Lamb from Revelation 19,9 LUT .
Kroger epitaph
Luther and Melanchton
Descent from the cross
To the right of the pulpit hangs a panel from the Renaissance , probably the first half of the 17th century, depicting Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon . On the north wall hangs the painting of the carrying cross, the picture Removal from the Cross . As an altarpiece it is said to have originally hung in the church in Hohen Luckow in 1875 and to be a copy of an older painting.
Stained glass window
The southern window group of the choir is provided with figurative representations from the late 19th century in black plumbing on clay glass. In the left window panel, Peter is shown in a blue-violet overgarment and a yellow undergarment with the keys and a book. In the right one, Paul is shown in a bright red robe, also with a book and the sword as his attribute. Above the apostles there is a triangular gable resting on slender columns with an eyelash crown between framing pinnacles, behind the architectural structures there is a border-framed carpet pattern made of red quarter-circle segments and three-leaves in the shape of a diamond.
The sitters are identified by name on inset plaques within their pedestals.
organ
The historic organ (II / P / 16) dates from 1768. The organ prospectus is dated from 1811 to 1772 in the inventory list. The instrument was built by the Rostock organ builder Paul Schmidt . In 1849 the Wismar organ builder Friedrich Wilhelm Winzer rearranged the plan . During the First World War, the original pipes were drawn in as a material essential to the war effort and replaced by pipes made of galvanized gutter sheet. In 2002 the instrument was extensively restored. The work was carried out by master organ builders Gerhard Schmid from Kaufbeuren and Jörg Stegmüller from Berlin. Pewter pipes were installed again, among other things. The majority of the costs were borne by the Hermann Reemtsma Foundation . The instrument has 16 registers on two manuals and a pedal (mechanical slide chests).
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P
Bells
Today there are two bronze bells in the tower. According to the inventory from 1811, there were three bells. The older comes from the Middle Ages with monk script , while the younger from 1751 was cast by Otto Gerhard Meyer from Rostock. On the south side of the tower there is a sundial carved into the plaster at eye level. In the Middle Ages, it enabled the approximate time when the bells were rung.
Whale bones in the tower
In the tower is the lower jaw of a whale. According to the church chronicle, the bone comes from a farmer's son who went to sea from Fischland and brought the bone back from a trip. Due to a decree of the Mecklenburg Grand Duke, special natural history finds such as this whale bones should be exhibited in the churches.
Cemetery portal and cemetery
The cemetery is accessible from the south-west through a brick-plastered churchyard portal in classical, strict forms, probably first half of the 18th century. The segment-arched gate entrance with what was once a crowning vase on the attic, also has a side pedestrian gate. Two inscriptions warning of death read: HIC OSSA QUISCUNT, MENS AD SUPERUM FUGIT. LIVE LIKE YOU, WHEN YOU DIE, WILL WISH TO HAVE YELLOWED.
Several wrought iron grave crosses from the 18th and early 19th centuries have been preserved in the cemetery. The field stone wall with the cover made of monk and nun brick was renewed after 1990.
Portal to the churchyard in Neukirchen
historical grave crosses at the Neukirchen cemetery
Gold treasure from Neukirchen
In the second half of the 15th century, more precisely between 1468 and around 1500, nine gold guilders were apparently hidden in a joint in the brickwork of the Neukirchen church tower, which were sewn into a sheath made of fine suede.
In May 2007 the pastor Schmiedeberg explored the church tower with her eight-year-old daughter. The child discovered a crumbled leather bag with gold coins inside on the top of the stairs leading into the tower. Since the stairs were not repaired and repaired until the 1980s and 1990s, the coins must have been in a different place beforehand. They were probably hidden in a wall joint and fell onto the stairs from there. The nine coins in total are so-called gold florins from the 15th century.
The gold guilders found in Neukirchen can be classified as follows: one from the Archbishopric of Trier ( Offenbach Mint ), three from the Archbishopric of Cologne (Bonn, Riehl, Deutz mints), two from the Imperial Mint in Frankfurt / Main, one from Hamburg and two from Lüneburg. The oldest coins in the find come from the Rhenish electorates. The gold guilder from the Offenbach mint was minted between 1410 and 1414, the one from the Bonn mints in 1415 and Riehl in 1420. The two specimens from Frankfurt / Main are dated to the year 1452, from Hamburg after 1435 and from Lüneburg in the period from 1440 until 1493.
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State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters 4293, 7431, 8600.
- LHAS 9.1-1 Reich Chamber Court case files 1495–1806.
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Church registers Neukirchen 1660–1933.
- Parish archive Neukirchen / Hohen Luckow 1608–1971.
- OKR Specialia Dept. 2, No. 286, 493. (including parish, organist, sexton, school fees, church trials, free voting rights)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of Finance, Building Construction Dept., patronage building files (construction drawings, plans of church buildings)
literature
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Volume IV: The district courts of Schwaan, Bützow, Sternberg, Güstrow, Krakow, Goldberg, Parchim, Lübz and Plau. Schwerin 1901 ISBN 3-910179-08-8 pp. 96-103.
- 53 historic churches in the Warnow river landscape. Bützow 2007, p. 17
- Horst Ende: Dorfkirchen in Mecklenburg , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt GmbH, Berlin, 1975, pp. 34, 35, 143
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - The districts of Neubrandenburg Rostock Schwerin. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1980 p. 172
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000 ISBN 3-422-03081-6 pp. 372-373.
- Parish Neukirchen: Neukirchen 1233 - 2008: 775 years of life in the parish Pro-Literatur-Verlag, Augsburg, 2008
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 56 ′ 29.5 ″ N , 11 ° 56 ′ 51.5 ″ E
- http://www.buetzow-schwaan.de/neukirchen.htm
- http://www.kirchentour.de/index.php?site=detail&ID=267
- http://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/article695463/jahrzehntelang-bedroht-jetzt-glanzvoll-erneuert.html
- Literature about the village church Neukirchen in the state bibliography MV
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.kirche-mv.de/Neukirchen.900.0.html Neukirchen bei kirche-mv.de; Retrieved September 17, 2014
- ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch MUB I. (1863) No. 398.
- ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 420.
- ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 556, 557.
- ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 610.
- ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9612.
- ^ Mecklenburgisches Jahrbuch MJB 24 (1859) Friedrich Lisch : Die Kirche zu Neuenkirchen p. 312.
- ↑ Ralf Badenschier: The altar tells of faith, hope and love. SVZ Bützow. 17th June 2017
- ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Leipzig 2001 ISBN 3-361-00536-1 p. 142.
- ↑ Information on the historical organ
- ^ Oskar Gehring: Cemetery gate and grave cross . In: Mecklenburg magazine of the Heimatbund Mecklenburg 1911, No. 4. 537.
- ↑ Peter Gerds: Death and its Customs SVZ Mecklenburg-Magazin November 18, 2013 p. 27.
- ↑ Ansbert Kneip: A MESSAGE AND ITS STORY: Das Glückskind . In: Der Spiegel . No. 31 , 2007 ( online - July 30, 2007 ).
- ↑ Detlef Jantzen, Regina Ströbl, Wolfgang Virk: Hidden in the church tower - Medieval gold coins from Neukirchen. In: KulturERBE in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern Volume 4, Schwerin 2009 ISBN 978-3-935770-27-9 pp. 113-118.