Elisabeth Käsemann

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Elisabeth Käsemann

Elisabeth Käsemann (born May 11, 1947 in Gelsenkirchen , † May 24, 1977 in Monte Grande , Argentina ) is one of the best-known German victims of the Argentine military dictatorship , which killed around 30,000 people between 1976 and 1983. As an opponent of the dictatorship, which actively campaigned for a social revolution, she was taken to a secret prison, interrogated under severe torture for two and a half months and finally murdered. An international campaign for their release was unsuccessful, for which the lack of commitment by the German authorities is blamed. From 2011, several perpetrators and those responsible in Argentina were sentenced to prison terms.

Youth and studies in Berlin

Elisabeth Käsemann was the fourth and youngest child of the prominent university professor for Protestant theology Ernst Käsemann and Margrit Käsemann, b. Wizemann. She was a student in Göttingen and Tübingen from 1954 to 1966 . Even then she was politically interested and committed, for example as a student representative and founder of a political working group, and criticized the mandatory school trip to Berlin. In 1966 she passed the Abitur at the Wildermuth-Gymnasium Tübingen .

From the winter semester of 1966/67 she studied sociology and political science at the Otto Suhr Institute of the Free University of Berlin , where she became a member of the Socialist German Student Union and soon became a friend of her fellow student Rudi Dutschke , the Marxist leader of the student movement there . With him and other students, she was part of the political discussion group around the theology professor Helmut Gollwitzer , who since the 1960s has also advocated actions by militant groups with the aim of “democratic and socialist revolutions” in Latin America . In addition to the Vietnam War , the revolutionary movements in Latin America became a special focus of interest for Elisabeth Käsemann. She participated in the organization of political demonstrations and teach-ins . She often went to East Berlin to buy inexpensive literature by left-wing authors. In 1967/68 she took part in the SDS project group "Metropolis and Third World (Concrete Cooperation with the Liberation Movement of the Third World)" led by Dutschke, which originally provided for "direct actions against puppet consulates etc." in addition to theoretical training. In 1968 she was with Dutschke and Wolfgang Schoeller editor of a collection of texts to Latin American revolutionary theory of Fidel Castro , Regis Debray , KS Karol and Gisela Mandel with a jointly written preface in which the hope was expressed that in Cuba began revolutionary process could by guerrilla warfare and to be extended to other parts of Latin America. She traveled to Prague with Dutschke and his wife Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz in March 1968 to experience the socialist reform movement of the “ Prague Spring ” first hand.

At the Evangelical Church Congress in Hanover in June 1967, she found out about the possibility of completing a mandatory internship in Latin America as part of her political science studies. After completing her intermediate diploma, she traveled to Bolivia and, from September 1968, worked for six months as an intern in a social station in La Paz .

Emigration to South America

Elisabeth Käsemann, 1974/75

After a year round trip through Latin America , she decided to stay. She could no longer imagine returning to Germany after experiencing poverty and injustice in Latin America. She wanted to make a contribution to improving living conditions. In July 1969 she wrote to her parents:

“I am in the process of identifying myself with the fate of this continent. Perhaps that will lead to decisions that you do not understand or that could cause you a lot of grief. "

Branch in Argentina

Since 1970 she lived in the Argentine capital Buenos Aires, which was more interesting for her than La Paz, which was characterized by the relatively low level of education of the population and which she described as "boring over time" at the beginning of 1969. She first earned the Argentine university entrance qualification as a multilingual secretary and translator living and studied from April 1975 economy . She participated as a volunteer in left-wing social projects in the poor areas of the capital , for example with adult education and literacy courses.

Käsemann was politically involved in communist organizations. This also included revolutionary groups that led the armed struggle, even if there is no evidence that Käsemann was involved in acts of violence. One of these groups was the Trotskyist Organización Comunista Poder Obrero (OCPO, “Workers' Power”), which after the Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT), with its armed arm Revolutionary People's Army (ERP), was the second largest among the Marxist groups seeking violent overthrow of the 1970s. The without supporting documents drawn up by a former intelligence officer in order to justify their subsequent arrest assertion cheese man was also a member of the revolutionary left, but to Juan Perón professional end urban guerrilla Montoneros been has been, however expressly forbidden.

In the early 1970s, Käsemann became friends with the French Raymond Molinier (1904–1994), a former private secretary of Leon Trotsky in exile in Turkey and France and a leading figure of the Fourth International - the later Argentine President Eduardo Duhalde , who worked as a lawyer for opposition members in 1972, mentioned in 1990 , At that time Käsemann lived with Molinier in Monte Grande as his partner. Against the backdrop of escalating violence between left-wing extremist revolutionaries and right-wing extremist death squads close to the government, Molinier helped numerous political activists with forged passports to flee Argentina. Käsemann took an active part in this network to support persecuted comrades. According to Sergio Bufano, who was her partner in 1976, she was also involved in the militant underground organization PRT-ERP and was involved, among other things, in the smuggling of a guerrilla fighter who had previously escaped from the high-security prison in Rawson and fled abroad (see massacre of Trelew ).

Persecution and struggle against dictatorship

In March 1976 coup , the military and established a military dictatorship under which the pursuit of the left-wing opposition grew still strong. Käsemann's parents last visited their daughter in April 1976 in Buenos Aires. She then lived underground and used the code name “Cristina.” After his portrayal, she met Bufano at a conspiratorial meeting of the PRT-ERP, which both had come to blindfolded, in preparation for an attempt to kill a soldier identified as a torturer was held. Käsemann and Bufano fell in love without knowing their real names, and as a precautionary measure, Käsemann only allowed him to visit his apartment with closed eyes so that he could not reveal his address even under torture. According to Bufano, both had asked the organization for lethal tablets to avoid arrest by suicide in an emergency, but were not given them. People from Käsemann's circle of friends often disappeared without a trace.

Käsemann and Bufano later jointly decided against carrying out the murder attempt, which after further preparations were finally assessed as inhuman, because they had supported the armed struggle, but were not prepared to kill. Bufano was then expelled from the guerrilla organization for disobedience and arrested by the police shortly afterwards, but was able to escape after three days. In contrast to Bufano, who now decided against her will to flee abroad, but with whom she helped him with a forged Mexican passport, she insisted on continuing the fight in Argentina, which Bufano said she was the key country for the Saw revolution in Latin America. Leaving her friends and co-workers in the dangerous situation she saw as treason. When she left Bufano in December 1976, she said to him: "The working class is not going into exile."

According to Bufano, Käsemann and other comrades separated from the PRT-ERP due to political differences, but remained active in another armed underground organization. Even if she had practically no experience with the use of weapons, she was not a pacifist, but was ready to use force as a revolutionary - “within the limits set by moral conscience”.

According to her brother, in the face of the raids by the military, Käsemann fled to Peru, contrary to her original intention, in December 1976, from where she returned to Buenos Aires at the end of January 1977 "to prevent her union group from taking senseless actions." Although the Argentine regime carried out massive amounts of torture, Amnesty International's 1977 annual report refers to the assassination attempt on Foreign Minister César Guzzetti in May 1977 as an example of kidnappings and killings of actual or alleged opposition members, if it was unable to completely eliminate violent actions by the political left .

Arrest, torture and murder

Käsemann was arrested in Buenos Aires on the night of March 8th to 9th, 1977 and taken to a secret detention and torture camp. For weeks she disappeared without a trace for the relatives. During this time, she was severely tortured .

On the night of May 24, 1977, she and 15 other prisoners were transported from the El Vesubio secret prison to a house in Monte Grande, the capital of Esteban Echeverría in the south of the greater Buenos Aires area. Once there, the victims were shot in the neck and back. A soldier involved in the military service testified in December 2010 during a reconstruction of the events at the crime scene as part of the court proceedings against eight persons responsible and stated that military personnel in plain clothes were also present.

On May 25, 1977, the Clarín newspaper reported the deaths of 16 terrorists: According to the news that was later revealed to be false, they were killed on May 24, 1977 in a gun battle with the police. The glossing over of illegal executions of prisoners as "perished in battle" was a standard disinformation practice of the military regime. In 2010, a fire chief explained in the Vesubio trial how he and his colleagues found the 16 bodies that were then thrown into a mass grave in the Monte Grande cemetery. On the list of 16 alleged terrorists published by the military, an "Isabel Kaserman" appeared who was later recognized as Elisabeth Käsemann.

Major Carlos Antonio Españadero is said to have demanded and received 25,000 US dollars from Ernst Käsemann for the release of the exhumed body for transfer to Germany. The secret service officer Españadero acted during the military dictatorship under the code name "Major Peirano" as a liaison between the German embassy and the military regime. The Argentine military handed Elisabeth Käsemann's body over to the German embassy on June 8, 1977. The later autopsy in Tübingen revealed that she had been shot at close range.

Rescue initiatives

After the arrest of Elisabeth Käsemann became known, various efforts were made to save the threatened lives of the Germans. On the basis of statements made by Käsemann's British friend Diana Austin, who shortly before had been able to leave Argentina for the United States after three days of torture, the human rights organization Amnesty International launched an international publicity campaign in April 1977, calling for a release from both the Argentine and German governments who used the detainee and caused media coverage. At the same time, her father Ernst Käsemann turned to the German Embassy in Buenos Aires with a request for help in March 1977, to which he only received the answer that the representation did not know of any Elisabeth Käsemann. In the following weeks, the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) participated in the efforts to get a release through the Human Rights Department of the Diakonisches Werk .

When asked, Federal Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher later stated that after the arrest became known, the Foreign Office had "sought clarification in over 30 different interventions at all relevant levels of the Argentine administration (...)". The ambassador at the time, Jörg Kastl , initially stated that he had campaigned for the release of Käsemann through unofficial channels under the dictatorship ("silent diplomacy"). Overall, Kastl went in favor of Käsemann and other German victims of the dictatorship, according to the Nuremberg Human Rights Center, "far beyond the prescribed consular care." But when he finally asked for political pressure from the Foreign Office, it refused. However, in 2014, a few months before his death, Kastl stated in an interview in the documentary Das Mädchen - What happened to Elisabeth K.? : “The Käsemann crossed the firing range and got into the line of fire, it's that simple.” And with reference to - albeit exaggerated and unfounded - information from US sources at the time: “She was shot and buried, and not quite like that without reasons. [She] would have been ready to drop bombs too. [...] Because, as I said, she came to Argentina with explosive thoughts. "

At that time there were around 100,000 German citizens living in Argentina, around 100 of whom were victims of the military dictatorship. According to the Foreign Office, the German diplomacy was able to persuade the Argentines to release the detainees in 38 cases. The role of German foreign policy and its actors in the Käsemann case and others subsequently became a subject of political controversy and contemporary historical research (see separate section below).

Investigation and trial

The investigative proceedings initiated by the parents of the murdered person because of the "unnatural death" were discontinued on February 8, 1980 by the Tübingen public prosecutor's office, as "there are no further investigative possibilities given the negative attitude of the Argentine authorities". Surviving torture victims of the Argentine dictatorship such as Diana Austin, Elena Alfaro and Ana María di Salvo testified before the Nuremberg-Fürth public prosecutor's office from 2001 that Elisabeth Käsemann was first held in the secret torture center "Campo Palermo", then in the secret torture center " El Vesubio ". from there, along with 15 other prisoners, was taken to Monte Grande and executed there. The forensic medical examination in Tübingen showed that Elisabeth Käsemann was killed by shots in the neck and back from close proximity, which indicates a typical execution.

On behalf of the “ Coalition Against Impunity ” initiative and family members, the Freiburg lawyer Roland Beckert filed a criminal complaint in the Käsemann case in February 1999. The Nuremberg district court issued on 11 July 2001 against the former Argentine General Guillermo Suárez Mason for the murder of Elisabeth Käsemann warrant. In 2003, international arrest warrants for the junta members General Jorge Videla and Admiral Emilio Massera followed from Nuremberg . In December 2009 the trials of the military began in Argentina. In the Käsemann case, there were also charges against various people who were sentenced to life imprisonment in 2011. The Federal Republic of Germany acted as a joint plaintiff in the proceedings. The murder of Elisabeth Käsemann should also be tried in the proceedings against the former junta leader Jorge Rafael Videla . In the proceedings against Jorge Videla, the Käsemann family wanted to appear as a joint plaintiff. Jorge Videla died in prison in May 2013.

In the trial of the crimes affecting the El Vesubio torture center on July 14, 2011, the court sentenced two of the defendants to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity , and five other defendants were sentenced to between 18 and 22½ years in prison. The second instance proceedings, in which the Federal Republic of Germany reappeared as a joint plaintiff, began in November 2011 and ended on May 29, 2014 with the confirmation of the convictions by the Appeals Chamber of the Supreme Criminal Court.

In another trial in December 2014, four other defendants - former members of the army - were sentenced to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity involving 204 inmates in El Vesubio, including Käsemann.

Commemoration

Käsemann was buried on June 16, 1977 in the cemetery in Tübingen- Lustnau . Rudi Dutschke, her close student friend from the early days of mutual solidarity with the revolutionary liberation movements in Latin America, published an obituary in the magazine Chile-Nachrichten in which he praised his “comrade Käsemann” as a “special example of international solidarity”, which up to her Assassination "worked for almost a decade in the Argentine class struggle". The theologian and poet Dorothee Sölle - herself a student of Ernst Käsemann - dedicated her poem “Report from Argentina” to Elisabeth Käsemann, whose line “That you are silent for two days under torture” was quoted in 1991 as the title of a documentary about Käsemann. Several documentaries and articles have been published by various authors that dealt with the life and above all the circumstances of Käsemann's death as well as the role of the federal German authorities and in which numerous contemporary witnesses as well as Käsemann's companions and fellow sufferers had their say.

In June 2014, Käsemann's former partner Sergio Bufano went public in Argentina with a newspaper article that was also received in Germany, in which he responded to the broadcast of the ARD documentary Das Mädchen - What happened to Elisabeth K.? written article Osvaldo Bayers replied. The Argentine Bavarian had already critically followed the case of the Germans he did not know personally from the first public news of Käsemann's " disappearance " and played a key role in making him known to a wider public - initially from his country of exile in Germany and in direct contact with her family . In the article, Bufano opposed what he saw as a false image of a pacifist sociology student who was active primarily through social work in slums and who was actually not Käsemann and who, in his opinion, did not want to be remembered. She was actually a revolutionary who deliberately went underground, was persecuted by the police and was active as a member of armed groups. It is not necessary to build good-natured characters to prove the perversion of the dictatorship. It is the "responsibility of the survivors to respect the identity of the victims". The Argentine investigating judge, Dr. Daniel Rafecas, who u. a. conducted the investigation into the murder of Elisabeth Käsemann, stated that Elisabeth Käsemann belonged to a political organization that had formed an armed sub-organization during the Argentine military dictatorship, but that Elisabeth Käsemann never belonged to.

In her honor, the seat of the family education center operated by the Evangelical Church District Gelsenkirchen and Wattenscheid in her hometown was renamed Elisabeth-Käsemann-Haus for the 30th anniversary in 1993 . After the building was sold, the entire facility has been known as the Elisabeth Käsemann Family Education Center since 2006 . Since 2012, at her former school, the Wildermuth-Gymnasium in Tübingen, the Elisabeth Käsemann Prize has been awarded to one or more students who have distinguished themselves through special social commitment. In Tübingen- Lustnau , a street in the Alte Weberei district is named after Elisabeth Käsemann. In 2013, the Argentine media reported on plans for a memorial for Käsemann, in which her family and the German embassy were involved, and which is to be erected near the scene of her murder in Monte Grande.

In 2014, Käsemann's niece Dorothee Weitbrecht founded the Elisabeth Käsemann Foundation , based in Stuttgart, which supports projects dealing with state human rights violations in Latin America and Europe. Members of the advisory board of trustees of the foundation are the Argentine Nobel Peace Prize laureate Adolfo Pérez Esquivel , Jörg Hübner (director of the Evangelical Academy Bad Boll), Thomas Fischer (professor of Latin American history at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt) and Luisa Wettengel (member of the organization for family members of German and German-born disappeared in Buenos Aires).

Controversies about the role of the German authorities in the "Käsemann case"

The then West German government under Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and the responsible foreign minister, Hans-Dietrich Genscher , have been accused on several occasions that the good economic relations with the junta's Argentina were more important to them than observing human rights and saving the lives of the German abductees. In addition to the relatively well-known cases of Käsemann and the Munich student Klaus Zieschank , around one hundred Germans and people of German origin were killed in the dictatorship's 340 secret prisons. Relatives of German "disappeared" raised especially serious allegations against the German embassy in Buenos Aires under the ambassador Jörg Kastl and against the Foreign Office . As is well documented in the Käsemann case, there are numerous indications that, despite urgent appeals from the families, the German authorities did little to intervene with the Argentine authorities on behalf of the arrested. In the Käsemann case, this is considered particularly tragic, as she was severely tortured at the time of the family's petitions to the authorities, but was still alive. To this day, the coalition against impunity advocates the prosecution of perpetrators involved in crimes against Germans.

In the ARD documentary Das Mädchen - What happened to Elisabeth K.? In 2014, key persons in the German government at the time were interviewed. Klaus von Dohnanyi , then Minister of State in the Foreign Office , admitted for the first time that the government could and should have done more. Hildegard Hamm-Brücher , who held the same office at the time, made a similar statement.

The Argentine federal judge Daniel Eduardo Rafecas, who dealt with the case, said: "If a high-ranking representative of Germany had approached the military junta with a request to release Elisabeth Käsemann, it would most likely have happened." However, such a call did not take place instead of.

In 1983, relatives of German people who had "disappeared" filed criminal charges against Genscher and officials from the Foreign Office and the German Embassy for failure to provide assistance . While Genscher was protected from criminal prosecution by his parliamentary immunity, a public prosecutor's investigation was opened at least against officials of the Foreign Office and the German Embassy.

General Jorge Rafael Videla , 1976–1981 Chairman of the Argentine Military Government

Controversial assessment of Käsemann's activities in Argentina

There are several different factors that have been cited as reasons for the lack of engagement by German authorities. In his documentary “Das Mädchen”, Eric Friedler identified the context of the terror of the Red Army Faction that dominates Federal Republican politics as an important element which may have influenced the ratings. This also included the assessment of Käsemann's activities. In a film interview in 2014, von Dohnanyi summed up: “When I see the files today, it was wrong to put Ms. Käsemann among the terrorists. She was a peaceful, socially committed woman, and even then you could not assume she was in this circle. "

Conflict between economic interests and defense of human rights

The Argentine dictatorship had already made clear at the beginning of their rule in 1976, as against the former left-wing underground movements of the Montoneros and the ERP would proceed: Sun announced the General Luciano Benjamín Menéndez - in 2010 in Argentina again to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity was sentenced - carried out large-scale "clean-ups" and announced that the deaths of thousands of completely innocent people would also be accepted:

“We're going to have to kill 50,000 people. 25,000 subversives , 20,000 sympathizers and we will make 5,000 mistakes. "

Despite this clear declaration of intent, which matched similar statements by other Argentine generals and was quickly implemented, the Federal Republic soon became the largest arms supplier to the Argentine dictatorship. This was also promoted by the fact that US President Jimmy Carter had largely frozen American relations with the military dictatorship due to a new, more human rights-oriented foreign policy course .

The German human rights organization Coalition against Impunity in Argentina wrote about the behavior of the federal government towards the dictatorship:

“A lucrative nuclear business and large-scale arms sales made the politicians and economic leaders in the Federal Republic overlook the fact that people“ disappeared ”in Argentina. "Friendly relations" were maintained with the military dictatorship in order not to endanger the business of the German private sector, some of which were secured by federal bonds. "

After receiving news of his daughter's death, Käsemann's father said: A sold Mercedes undoubtedly weighs more than a life. The human rights lawyer Konstantin Thun wrote about the case:

“This example of German relations with the military dictatorship in Argentina has shown that such relations did not serve the people in Argentina, but rather contributed to an intensification of the violation of social and political human rights. It will still be shown that such priorities in foreign policy also do not correspond to the interests of the people in the Federal Republic. "

The dictatorship as an "anti-communist ally" to be cultivated

Käsemann's niece and goddaughter, the historian Dorothee Weitbrecht, published a detailed analysis of historical documents of the Foreign Office in 2013 with the tenor that the extensive non-observance of human rights in the Argentina policy of the Federal Republic was deliberate and deliberate - since the regime was seen as an anti-communist ally, that had to be supported. The fate of the German disappearances like Elisabeth Käsemann was seen as a disruptive factor, which was systematically downplayed as far as possible in order not to endanger the good relations with the military junta.

publication

  • With Rudi Dutschke and Wolfgang Schöller, editors and authors of the foreword: Régis Debray, Fidel Castro, Gisela Mandel and KS Karol: The Long March: Paths of Revolution in Latin America. Trikont, Munich 1968.

literature

  • Kai Ambos , Christoph Grammer: Assassination qua organization. The responsibility of the Argentine military leadership for the death of Elisabeth Käsemann. In: Jahrbuch der legal Zeitgeschichte , Vol. 4 (2002/2003), pp. 529–553
  • Anne Ameri-Siemens , Everything should be completely different , FAS No. 5/2018 of February 4, 2018, p. 48
  • That you are silent for two days under torture! Book and DVD-Video in the library of resistance series, Laika-Verlag , Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-942281-77-5 (with contributions by Frieder Wagner , Osvaldo Bayer , Elvira Ochoa-Wagner and with an interview with Wolfgang Kaleck )
  • Christian Dürr: "Disappeared". Persecution and torture under the Argentine military dictatorship (1976–1983). Metropol, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86331-279-4 .
  • Never again! An account of kidnapping, torture and murder by the military dictatorship in Argentina. Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung (Ed.), Beltz Verlag, Weinheim and Basel 1987, ISBN 3-407-85500-1 (translation by Nunca más. Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas , 1984, from the Spanish by Christián Cortés -Ahumada)
  • Philipp Springer: Relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Argentina 1966–1978. Political challenges of economic cooperation, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-96138-063-3
  • Konstantin Thun: Human Rights and Foreign Policy. Federal Republic of Germany-Argentina 1976–1983. Horlemann, Bad Honnef 2006, ISBN 3-89502-220-9 (updated new edition; with contributions by Osvaldo Bayer , Kuno Hauck, Roland Beckert, Wolfgang Kaleck , Esteban Cuya)
  • Wolfgang Kaleck : Fight against impunity. Argentina's military on trial. Wagenbach, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8031-2646-7
  • Dorothee Weitbrecht: Argentina: Profits versus Human Lives . In: Blätter für Deutsche und Internationale Politik , Volume 2013, Issue 7, pp. 93-104 ( online ).
  • Dorothee Weitbrecht: The Football World Cup 1978 in Argentina: A Fall . In: Zeitschrift für Menschenrechte , year 2016, issue 2: Menschenrechte und Sport , pp. 110–128.

Documentaries

Radio broadcast

  • My brave godmother , SWR2, November 7, 2017 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Elisabeth Käsemann  - Collection of Images

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerhard Dilger: Trial of Elisabeth Käsemann: Justice at last! in: taz.de from July 15, 2011, accessed on July 11, 2014
  2. ↑ Richard Walter: Ernst Käsemann, pastor of the Confessing Church in Gelsenkirchen-Rotthausen 1933-1946, in: Gelsenzentrum from December 2007, accessed on July 9, 2014
  3. ↑ Esteban Cuya and Carolina Kern: Murder of Elisabeth Käsemann - The Failure of German Diplomacy ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), in: Justicia y Verdad from May 2007, accessed on July 11, 2014
  4. ↑ a b c d e Ulrich Käsemann: Greeting on December 12, 2007 in Berlin ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) for the opening of the exhibition "Elisabeth Käsemann - A life in solidarity with Latin America" ​​on the website of the Association of Friends of the Otto Suhr Institute, accessed on July 11, 2014
  5. ↑ Documentary “Das Mädchen,” summarized by Sina Illi: Abandoned by German politics? in: Badische Zeitung from June 4, 2014, accessed on July 9, 2014
  6. ^ A b Dorothee Weitbrecht: Departure into the Third World: The Internationalism of the Student Movement of 1968 in the Federal Republic of Germany. Dissertation, V&R unipress, Göttingen 2012, p. 328
  7. ↑ Weitbrecht: Departure in the Third World, p. 224f. u. 273
  8. ^ A b Matthias Fink: The Käsemann case: A Mercedes weighed more than a life, ( Memento from May 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in: Sonntagsblatt issue 9/2002, accessed on July 9, 2014
  9. ↑ Weitbrecht: Departure in the Third World, pp. 278f.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Kraushaar : Models of thought of the 68ers, in the dossier The 68er Movement , on the website of the Federal Agency for Civic Education of January 9, 2008, accessed on July 11, 2014
  11. ↑ Weitbrecht: Departure in the Third World, p. 328f.
  12. ↑ a b c A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 2.70 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition Against Impunity, Nuremberg, May 2007, p. 2
  13. ↑ a b c d e Uschi Entenmann: Der Tod und das Mädchen, in: Focus from February 2, 2004, accessed on July 12, 2014
  14. ↑ Weitbrecht: Departure in the Third World, p. 341, fn. 1699
  15. ↑ a b c Esteban Echevarría: Alemania y Monte Grande unidas por la memoria, in: AUNO of December 10, 2013, accessed on July 9, 2014 (Spanish)
  16. ↑ a b c d e Alejandra Dandan: Una vida por la libertad y la justicia, in: Página / 12 of September 15, 2010, accessed on July 9, 2014 (Spanish)
  17. ↑ a b Alejandro Rebossio: Argentina condena a siete criminales de la dictadura, in: El País from July 15, 2011, accessed on July 8, 2014 (Spanish)
  18. ↑ a b c d Jürgen Vogt: Murdered Elisabeth Käsemann: Die Guerillera, in: taz.de of July 8, 2014
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g Sergio Bufano: Kasemann, pacifista o revolucionaria ("Käsemann: Pacifistin oder Revolutionärin"), in: Página / 12 of June 24, 2014, accessed on July 8, 2014 (Spanish)
  20. ↑ Cámara de Diputados de la Nación: Proyecto de Resolución, draft resolution of the Argentine Parliament of March 16, 2011, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Spanish)
  21. ↑ Violeta Ayles Tortolini: Conformación de una estrategia para la revolución socialista en Argentina: Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (1965-1970) (PDF), in: Cuadernos de Marte Vol. 1, No. 2, October 2011, p. 124, Footnote 4 (Spanish)
  22. ↑ Osvaldo Bayer: El casi mayor Peirano, in: Página / 12 of March 6, 2000, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Spanish)
  23. ↑ Eduardo Capello: A 40 años del asesinato de un Araucense en la Masacre de Trelew, in: Diario Sur Digital of August 22, 2012, accessed on July 10, 2014 (Spanish)
  24. ↑ Argentina: Death by AAA, in: Spiegel, November 4, 1974, accessed July 15, 2014
  25. ↑ Silvina Friera: El sentido de la palabra solidaridad, in: Página / 12 of March 20, 2014, accessed on July 11, 2014 (Spanish)
  26. ↑ Boris Palmer , Raquel Macciucci and Ulrich Käsemann: Memorial Service for Elisabeth Käsemann ( PDF , 990 kB), from March 22, 2009, accessed on July 12, 2014 (German and Spanish)
  27. ↑ Amnesty International: Annual Report 1977 ( PDF version ), London, Amnesty International Publications 1977, p. 123 (English)
  28. ↑ a b Un fiscal Federal recorrió la casa donde fusilaron a 16 personas en 1977, in: Nova Argentina of December 30, 2010, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Spanish)
  29. ↑ Ricardo Ragendorfer: Historia del proxor que se encariñó con el espía que había infiltrado en el ERP, in: Tiempo Argentino of May 12, 2013, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Spanish)
  30. ↑ Esteban Cuya: More than just a tennis match , in: Latin America News from March 2006, accessed on June 30, 2015
  31. ↑ Osvaldo Bayer and Frieder Wagner: That you are silent for two days under torture. 1991, excerpt from YouTube , accessed June 3, 2015
  32. ^ A b Hans Holzhaider: Murder in Buenos Aires. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of August 25, 2001
  33. ↑ A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento of September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 2.70 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition Against Impunity, Nuremberg, May 2007, p. 6
  34. ↑ Dieter Maier: The Foreign Office and the Assassination of Elisabeth Käsemann in Argentina 1977 ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF 118 kB from June 2012), on the website of the Nuremberg Human Rights Center (NMRZ), accessed on June 2 2015
  35. ^ Death through political inactivity , Süddeutsche.de
  36. ↑ The Political Murder of Elisabeth Käsemann - How the Foreign Office and the DFB failed in Argentina. Thomas Gehringer in Tagesspiegel , online June 4, 2014
  37. ^ A b Felix Bohr, Jens Glüsing and Klaus Wiegrefe : Corpses and penguins. In: Der Spiegel from May 19, 2014, accessed on June 3, 2015
  38. ↑ a b c d Dorothee Weitbrecht: Profits versus human lives. Argentina and the difficult legacy of German diplomacy . In: Blätter für Deutsche und Internationale Politik , Volume 2013, Issue 7, pp. 93-104.
  39. ↑ Esteban Cuya: Late Truths (no longer online). In: “Amnesty Journal”, May 2007. Copy published in Michael Schmid: Elisabeth Käsemann: Murdered by the Argentine military 30 years ago , Lebenshaus-alb.de.
  40. ↑ Volker Schmidt: Late processing in Argentina. The violent death of Elisabeth Käsemann . In: "Frankfurter Rundschau", February 26, 2010, p. 7
  41. ↑ Late atonement for the murder of a Tübingen student . In: " Schwäbisches Tagblatt ", July 15, 2011.
  42. ↑ Katharina Peters: Torture victim Elisabeth Käsemann. Argentina's judges judge the sadists of "El Vesubio" . In: "Spiegel" online, July 12, 2011.
  43. ↑ Torture victim Elisabeth Käsemann. Argentine military are imprisoned for life . In: "Spiegel" online, July 15, 2011.
  44. ↑ German Bundestag : Printed matter 17/13816 (PDF), answer of the Federal Government of June 5, 2013 to a small question from the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group on the Käsemann case, p. 2
  45. ↑ Lesa humanidad: Casación confirmó condenas por crímenes en “El Vesubio” . In: Centro de Información Judicial of June 12, 2014, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Spanish), with a link to the full text of the judgment
  46. ^ Argentine military dictatorship: men convicted behind the murder of Elisabeth Käsemann . In: "Spiegel" online, December 19, 2014.
  47. ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Elisabeth Käsemann
  48. ↑ Rudi Dutschke: Murdered Life. In memory of Comrade Elisabeth Käsemann, in: Chile-Nachrichten. Reports and analyzes on Latin America Number 50, Volume 4, 1977, p. 7 f., Reprinted in: Rudi Dutschke: History is feasible. Texts about the ruling wrong and the radicalism of peace. Edited by Jürgen Miermeister, Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, Berlin 1980, new edition 1991, pp. 172–175
  49. ↑ In addition to the publications listed here in the sections literature , documentaries and web links , the ARD documentary called Das Mädchen - What happened to Elisabeth K.? in June 2014 for broad coverage in the German-speaking media. For example: Michael Hanfeld: A murder that could have been prevented. In: FAZ.net from June 5, 2014; Holger Gertz: Death through political inactivity. In: SZ.de from June 5, 2014; Jörn Lauterbach: When Germany accepted the torture death of a student. In: Welt Online from June 1, 2014; each accessed on June 2, 2015
  50. ^ Osvaldo Bayer: Colaboracionistas. In: Página 12 of June 7, 2014, accessed June 2, 2015 (Spanish)
  51. ↑ Daniel Rafecas - sources on the history of human rights. Retrieved November 28, 2017 .
  52. ^ History ( memento from September 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the Elisabeth-Käsemann-FBS website, accessed on July 10, 2014
  53. ↑ Elisabeth Käsemann Prize Board of Trustees ( Memento from April 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), website of the Association of Friends of the Wildermuth-Gymnasium Tübingen, accessed on April 7, 2015
  54. ^ Elisabeth-Käsemann-Straße, in the city map on the website of the city of Tübingen, accessed on July 11, 2014
  55. ↑ La Comisión Pro Memorial se reunió con funcionarios alemanes, in: Info Región from June 30, 2013, accessed on July 11, 2014 (Spanish)
  56. ↑ Elisabeth Käsemann Foundation: http://www.elisabeth-kaesemann-stiftung.com/
  57. ↑ elisabeth-kaesemann-stiftung.de: Board of Directors and Board of Trustees
  58. ^ Coalition against impunity - "Truth and Justice for the German Disappeared in Argentina". ( Memento of August 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Website of the organization "Coalition Against Impunity", accessed on May 24, 2013
  59. ↑ a b A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.1 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition against Impunity, Nuremberg May 2007, p. 14
  60. ^ A b Miriam Hollstein: German justice chases junta general. Welt online, July 15, 2001
  61. ↑ A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.1 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition Against Impunity, Nuremberg May 2007, p. 8
  62. ↑ a b c d Jörn Lauterbach: When Germany accepted the torture death of a student. Die Welt, June 1, 2014
  63. ^ Dirty War "General Receives Fourth Life Sentence ( Memento from September 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Argentinia Independent, July 11, 2010
  64. ^ Paul H. Lewis: Guerrillas and generals: the "Dirty War" in Argentina . Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p. 147
  65. ↑ a b A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 2.70 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition Against Impunity, Nuremberg, May 2007, p. 9.
  66. ^ Konstantin Thun: Human rights and foreign policy. Federal Republic of Germany - Argentina 1976-1983. , Horlemann, 2006, ISBN 3895022209 , quoted in: A life in solidarity with Latin America. Elisabeth Käsemann. ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 2.70 MB) Exhibition brochure, Coalition Against Impunity, Nuremberg, May 2007, p. 9.
  67. ↑ Wolfgang Kunath: Judgment in the Käsemann trial in Argentina: Life imprisonment for two officers, in: Berliner Zeitung of July 16, 2011, accessed on July 11, 2014
  68. ↑ ... that you are silent for two days under torture! on filmportal.de
  69. ↑ ... that you are silent for two days under torture ( memento from March 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), website from Bewegungs.taz.de
  70. ↑ Latizón TV: Library Elisabeth Käsemann Foundation. Retrieved March 12, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Käsemann, Elisabeth
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sociologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1947
PLACE OF BIRTH Gelsenkirchen
DATE OF DEATH May 24, 1977
Place of death Argentina