Brook avens

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Brook avens
Brook avens (Geum rivale)

Brook avens ( Geum rivale )

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Tribe : Colurieae
Genre : Clove wort ( geum )
Type : Brook avens
Scientific name
Geum rival
L.

The brook avens ( Geum rivale ) is a species of the genus of carnations ( Geum ) in the rose family (Rosaceae). The specific epithet rivale means "growing by the stream".

description

illustration

The brook avens grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of (10 to) 20 to 60 (to 70) centimeters. A horizontal, monopodially branched rhizome is formed. The ascending, loosely branched stem is somewhat reddish and increasingly hairy glandular towards the top and bears several flowers. The basal leaves are long stalked and pinnate interrupted, with large terminal leaflets. The upper leaves are simple or lobed, with the lobes being roughly serrated.

Nodding flowers of the brook avens
Blossom with young nut fruits that have already emerged well
Upright, wide open flower after fertilization
Collective fruit from many Velcro fruits

The flowering period extends from April to July. In addition to hermaphrodite flowers there are purely male flowers or purely male specimens; the brook avens is thus Andromonözisch and Androdiözisch. There is a brown-red outer cup. The nodding flowers are five-fold. They have bracts of about the same length: on the outside reddish (purple-brown) sepals and rarely 8 to mostly 10 to 15 mm long petals , which are yellow on the inside and reddish on the edge. The hermaphrodite and male flowers have more than ten (many) stamens . The hooked stylus is two-part and remains on the.

The flower axis is stretched and clearly elongated to maturity. The collective fruit is upright in contrast to the flower. 60 to 80 free nut fruits emerge per flower, each of which grows after the flowering period by lengthening the style to a length of 12 mm. The stylus is curved hook-shaped a little above the middle and hairy in the lower part like a feather-tail. The hairy part of the stylus located above the hook breaks off shortly before maturity above the woody, outward-facing hook with the help of a separating fabric.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.

ecology

The brook avens is a hemicryptophyte and a semi-rosette plant. Vegetative reproduction occurs through the rhizome , which contains clove oil .

In terms of flower biology, it is "bluebells with sticky pollen ". The nectar is deposited between the stamens. Pollinators are mainly bumblebees , bees and hoverflies , the latter as pollen collectors. In addition, the flowers are visited by earth bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ), which break open by biting the flowers between the sepals.

The spread of burdock occurs mainly Velcro spread through the hook after the fish hook principle. Because of the hair on the lower part of the stylus, it can spread as a feather-tail flyer even in strong winds, which is particularly advantageous in the mountains. Fruit ripening is from July to September.

Occurrence

The brook avens is circumpolar . It is only absent in Europe in the Mediterranean region . The preferred locations are wet meadows , ditches, banks, riparian forests and other humid forests, as well as tall herbaceous meadows with oozing, nutrient-rich soils. The brook avens penetrates the Alps to an altitude of 2000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it reaches 1930 meters at the Koblachhütte in Bavaria north of Warth . The brook avens is considered to be a nutrient indicator and prefers a cool, humid climate.

In Austria, the brook avens is common to dispersed, montane to subalpine in all federal states with the exception of Vienna and Burgenland . In Germany it is relatively steady except for larger gaps in the northwest. In Switzerland it is common and widespread throughout the area.

Use as a medicinal plant

As a drug called “Gei rivali radix” in folk medicine, the Bach clove root is occasionally still used like the real clove root, Geum urbanum . The tannin content is roughly equivalent, that of germicidal eugenol in essential oil is very low.

In naturopathy, like the real clove root ( Geum urbanum ), it uses the root. They both have an antibacterial, sweat-inducing, anti-inflammatory and astringent effect and are used for stomach / intestinal diseases and febrile infections. Tri terpenes and flavonoids are responsible for the antibacterial effect . The "rhizome" (the rhizome is meant) was used as a clove substitute in cooking and also flavored liqueurs; the leaves can be used in salads etc.

Common names

Common names: Bach benedict, blood droplets, blood droplets, Herrgottsbrot, Herzwurz, Kapuziner, Wasserbenedikt, Wasserwurz, Kaminfegerchen.

Flower of the year 2007

The brook avens was chosen by the Hamburg Nature Conservation Foundation and the Foundation for the Protection of Endangered Plants , chaired by Loki Schmidt, as " Flower of the Year 2007" in order to put a representative of the wetland flora in the public eye and to address nature conservation issues for the corresponding habitats especially: extensively managed wet meadows ).

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 479 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Bach clove root. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p.  362-363 .
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 545.
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 65.
  6. ↑ Hans Ernst Hess, Elias Landolt, Rosmarie Hirzel: Flora of Switzerland and adjacent areas. Volume 2, Birkhäuser, Basel 1970, p. 366.
  7. ↑ Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants. Special edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12932-6 .
  8. ↑ L. Panizzi, S. Catalano, C. Miarelli, PL Cioni, E. Campeol: In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and isolated constituents of Geum rivale. In: Phytotherapy Research . Volume 14, No. 7, 2000, pp. 561-563, doi : 10.1002 / 1099-1573 (200011) 14: 7 <561 :: AID-PTR651> 3.0.CO; 2-H , PMID 11054853 .
  9. ↑ H. Tuñón, C. Olavsdotter, L. Bohlin: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some Swedish medicinal plants. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Volume 48, No. 2, 1995, pp. 61-76, DOI: 10.1016 / 0378-8741 (95) 01285-L , PMID 8583796 .

Web links

Commons : Bach-Nelkenwurz ( Geum rivale )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files