Glandularia

Glandularia
	Glandularia peruviana
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Verbena plants (Verbenaceae)
Genre :	Glandularia
Scientific name
	Glandularia
	JFGmel.

The Glandularia are a genus of plants in the verbena family (Verbenaceae). This genus has been separated from the genus Verbena and contains 70 to 84 species that are widespread in the New World from North to Central to South America.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Glandularia styles are usually perennial herbaceous plants , subshrubs dwarf shrubs to bushes that maintains, prostrate, stolon- or can grow mat forming, some species often form at the nodes (Nodien) roots. The stems are angular. The alternately arranged, sessile leaves are lobed, pinnate to pinnate. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

Terminally or laterally, either one- year inflorescence or two- year inflorescences that stand on a forked branch are formed. There are lanceolate bracts present.

The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused with a narrow cylindrical shape. The five-ribbed, straight calyx tube ends in four or five narrow, elongated calyx teeth. The crown is 1.5 to twice as long as the calyx. The five petals are fused together like a saucer. The upper lip consists of two and the lower lip of three petals. There is only one circle with four stamens . Two carpels are fused, they are due to an incorrect septum to a tetralobal, vierkammerigen, upper permanent ovary divided with an ovule each chamber (This reflects the related genera differ Lippia and Lantana there is only a carpel present.). The pen is at least three times as long as the ovary. The scar consists of two dissimilar scar branches, with only one scar branch bearing scar papillae . In Verbena and Glandularia , the sterile scar branch forms a conspicuous tip that often protrudes above the fertile branch (this is where these two genera differ from the closely related Junellia and Lippia in which the sterile branch is completely reduced).

The Klausen fruit , a decay fruit , is surmounted by a calyx that is twice as long. It breaks down into four large, elongated clauses (nuts). The fusion point of the Klausen at Verbena and Junellia is narrow, at Glandularia it is wide.

ecology

The pollination is usually by insects ( Entomophilie ).

Glandularia aristigera

Glandularia bipinnatifida

Rose verbena ( Glandularia canadensis )

Glandularia corymbosa

Glandularia dissecta

Glandularia gooddingii

Glandularia × hybrida

Glandularia lilacina

Glandularia maritima

Glandularia peruviana

Glandularia porrigens

Glandularia tampensis

Glandularia tenera

Systematics and distribution

The genus Glandularia was established in 1791 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin . From 1821 it had the rank of a subgenus Verbena L. subg. Glandularia (JFGmel.) Nutt.

According to Botta et al. In 1995 the species of the genera Glandularia and Junellia were separated from the genus Verbena . One can distinguish these three genera especially by the basic chromosome number : Verbena x = 7, Glandularia x = 5, Junellia x = 10. These three genera belong to the tribe Verbeneae within the family Verbenaceae .

Synonyms for Glandularia J.F.Gmel. are: Billardiera Moench nom. illeg., Helleranthus Small , Shuttleworthia Meisn. , Uwarowia Bunge , Verbenella Spach .

In the genus Glandularia there are 70 to 84 species, depending on the author :

Glandularia amoena (Paxton) Umber ( Syn .: Verbena amoena Paxton ): It occurs in the Mexican states from Querétaro to México and Michoacán .
Glandularia andalgalensis (Moldenke) P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena andalgalensis Moldenke ): It occurs in the northwestern Argentine province of Catamarca .
Glandularia araucana (Phil.) Botta (Syn .: Verbena araucana Phil. ): It occurs in Chile and Argentina .
Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc. (Syn .: Glandularia tenuisecta (Briq.) Small , Verbena aristigera S.Moore , Verbena tenuisecta Briq. ): It occurs from Bolivia to Brazil and Argentina.
Glandularia atacamensis (Reiche) JMWatson & AEHoffm. (Syn .: Verbena atacamensis Reiche ): It occurs in northern Chile and northwestern Argentina.
Glandularia aurantiaca (Speg.) Botta : It occurs in Argentina. There are two varieties:
- Glandularia aurantiaca var. Aurantiaca (Syn .: Verbena aurantiaca Speg. )
- Glandularia aurantiaca var. Glaberrima (Moldenke) Botta (Syn .: Verbena aurantiaca var. Glaberrima Moldenke )
Glandularia bajacalifornica (Moldenke) Umber (Syn .: Glandularia shrevei (Moldenke) Umber , Verbena bajacalifornica Moldenke , Verbena shrevei Moldenke ): It occurs only in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur .
Glandularia balansae (Briq.) N. O'Leary (Syn .: Verbena balansae Briq. ): It occurs from Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt. : There are three varieties:
- Glandularia bipinnatifida var. Bipinnatifida (Syn .: Verbena ambrosiifolia Rydb. Ex Small , Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. ): It occurs from the United States via Mexico and Guatemala to Honduras .
- Glandularia bipinnatifida var. Ciliata (Benth.) BLTurner (Syn .: Glandularia bipinnatifida var. Brevispicata Umber , Glandularia wrightii (A.Gray) Umber , Verbena ciliata Benth. , Verbena wrightii A.Gray ): It comes from Arizona to Texas and in northeastern Mexico.
- Glandularia bipinnatifida var. Latilobata (LMPerry) BLTurner (Syn .: Glandularia chiricahensis Umber , Verbena bipinnatifida var. Latilobata L.M.Perry ): It occurs in northwestern Mexico.
Glandularia cabrerae (Moldenke) Botta (Syn .: Verbena cabrerae Moldenke ): It occurs from Bolivia to northwestern Argentina.
Rose Verbena ( Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. , Syn .: Buchnera canadensis L. , Verbena aubletii Jacq. , Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton ): It occurs in the central and eastern United States.
Glandularia catharinae (Moldenke) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena catharinae Moldenke ): It occurs in southern Brazil.
Glandularia cheitmaniana (Moldenke) Botta & Poggio (Syn .: Verbena cheitmaniana Moldenke ): It occurs from Bolivia to northern Argentina.
Glandularia chiricahensis Umber : It occurs in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico .
Glandularia corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena corymbosa Ruiz & Pav. ): It occurs in Chile, southern Brazil and Uruguay .
Glandularia cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Binder (Syn .: Verbena cuneifolia Ruiz & Pav. ): It occurs in Peru.
Glandularia delticola (Small) Umber (Syn .: Verbena delticola Small ): It occurs from southern Texas to Mexico.
Glandularia dissecta (Willd. Ex Spreng.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena dissecta Willd. Ex Spreng. ): It occurs in Argentina and Uruguay.
Glandularia dusenii (Moldenke) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena dusenii Moldenke ): It occurs in the Brazilian state of Paraná .
Glandularia elegans (Kunth) Umber (Syn .: Glandularia elegans var. Asperata (LMPerry) Umber , Verbena elegans Kunth , Verbena elegans var. Asperata L.M.Perry ): It comes in Arizona before in Texas and Mexico.
Glandularia flava (Gillies & Hook.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena flava Gillies & Hook. ): It occurs in Argentina.
Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig (Syn .: Verbena gooddingii Briq. ): It occurs from the southwestern United States to northwestern Mexico.
Glandularia guaranitica Tronc. : It occurs in southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.
Glandularia gynobasis (Wedd.) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena gynobasis Wedd. , Verbena gynobasis var. Strigosa Wedd. ): It occurs in Bolivia, in southern Peru and in northern Chile.
Glandularia hassleriana (Briq.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena hassleriana Briq. , Glandularia pulchra (Moldenke) Botta , Verbena pulchra Moldenke ): It occurs from southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
Glandularia hatschbachii (Moldenke) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena hatschbachii Moldenke ): It occurs in southern Brazil.
Glandularia herteri (Moldenke) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena herteri Moldenke ): It occurs in southern Brazil and northern Uruguay.
Glandularia humifusa (Cham.) Botta : It occurs in southern Brazil.
Glandularia × hybrida (hort. Ex Groenl. & Rümpler) GLNesom & Pruski (Syn .: Verbena × hybrida hort. Ex Groenl. & Rümpler = Glandularia incisa × Glandularia peruviana × Glandularia phlogiflora × Glandularia platensis )
Glandularia jordanensis (Moldenke) O'Leary & P.Peralta (Syn .: Verbena campestris Moldenke , Verbena jordanensis Moldenke ): It occurs in Brazil.
Glandularia kuntzeana (Moldenke) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena kuntzeana Moldenke ): It occurs in Paraguay and in southern and southeastern Brazil.
Glandularia laciniata (L.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Erinus laciniatus L. , Verbena erinoides Lam. , Verbena laciniata (L.) Briq. ): It occurs in Bolivia, southern Peru and Chile.
Glandularia landbeckii (Phil.) P. Peralta : It occurs in northern and central Chile.

Glandularia lilacina (Greene) Umber (Syn .: Glandularia setacea (LMPerry) Umber , Verbena lilacina Greene , Verbena setacea L.M.Perry ): This endemic is only on Cedros Island before that belong to the Mexican state of Baja California.

Glandularia lilloana (Moldenke) Botta (Syn .: Verbena lilloana Moldenke ): It occurs in northwestern Argentina.

Glandularia lipozygioides (Walp.) LENavas (Syn .: Verbena lipozygioides Walp. ): It occurs in central Chile.

Glandularia lobata (Vell.) P. Peralta & V. Thode (Syn .: Verbena lobata Vell. ): It occurs in Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. There are two varieties.

Glandularia macrosperma (Speg.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena macrosperma Speg. ): It occurs in Argentina.

Glandularia maritima (Small) Small (Syn .: Verbena maritima Small ): It occurs only in the US state of Florida .

Glandularia marrubioides (Cham.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena marrubioides Cham. ): It occurs in southern Brazil.

Glandularia megapotamica (Spreng.) Cabrera & G.Dawson (Syn .: Verbena megapotamica Spreng. ): It occurs from southern and southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.

Glandularia mendocina (Phil.) Covas & Schnack (Syn .: Verbena mendocina Phil. ): It occurs from northwestern to north-central Argentina.

Glandularia microphylla (Kunth) Cabrera (Syn .: Verbena microphylla Kunth ): It occurs from Ecuador to northwestern Argentina.

Glandularia multiglandulosa (Moldenke) P. Peralta : It occurs in north-central Chile.

Glandularia nana (Moldenke) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena nana Moldenke , Verbena hasslerana var. Glandulosa Moldenke , Verbena pulchra var. Paludicola Moldenke ): It occurs from Bolivia to Brazil and Argentina.

Glandularia paraguariensis (Moldenke) N. O'Leary (Syn .: Verbena paraguariensis Moldenke ): It occurs in Paraguay only in Amambay .

Glandularia parodii Covas & Schnack : It occurs in Argentina.

Glandularia paulensis (Moldenke) ALROliveira & Salimena (Syn .: Verbena paulensis Moldenke ): It occurs only in the Brazilian state of São Paulo .

Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small (Syn .: Erinus peruvianus L. , Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton ): It occurs from Bolivia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina.

Glandularia phlogiflora (Cham.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena phlogiflora Cham. ): It occurs from Brazil to northeast Argentina.

Glandularia platensis (Spreng.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena platensis Spreng. ): It occurs from Bolivia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina.

Glandularia polyantha Umber : It occurs from Texas to Mexico.

Glandularia porrigens (Phil.) JMWatson & AEHoffm. (Syn .: Verbena porrigens Phil. ): It occurs in central Chile.

Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber (Syn .: Verbena pumila Rydb. ): It occurs from the US states of Oklahoma , Texas, New Mexico and Arkansas to northern Mexico.

Glandularia quadrangulata (A.Heller) Umber (Syn .: Glandularia racemosa (Eggert) Umber , Verbena quadrangulata A.Heller , Verbena racemosa Eggert ): It occurs from southern Texas to northeastern Mexico.

Glandularia racemosa (Eggert) Umber (Syn .: Verbena racemosa Eggert ): It occurs in Texas, New Mexico and northeastern Mexico.

Glandularia radicans Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Glandularia radicata (Moldenke) Tronc. Ex Múlgura , Verbena radicata Moldenke ): It occurs in north-central Argentina.

Glandularia rectiloba (Moldenke) P. Peralta & V. Thode (Syn .: Verbena rectiloba Moldenke ): It occurs in southern Brazil.

Glandularia santiaguensis Covas & Schnack : It occurs in northern Argentina.

Glandularia scrobiculata (Griseb.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena scrobiculata Griseb. ): It occurs in southern Bolivia, southern Brazil and northwestern Argentina.

Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena selloi Spreng. ): It occurs in southern Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.

Glandularia sessilis (Cham.) Tronc. (Syn .: Verbena stellarioides var. Sessilis Cham. , Glandularia tristachya (Tronc. & Burkart) Schnack & Covas , Verbena tristachya Tronc. & Burkart ): It occurs in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.

Glandularia stellarioides (Cham.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena stellarioides Cham. ): It occurs from southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.

Glandularia subincana Tronc. : It occurs in southern Brazil in Uruguay and Argentina.

Glandularia sulphurea (D.Don) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena sulphurea D.Don ): The two varieties occur in Chile and in western-central Argentina.

Glandularia tampensis (Nash) Small (Syn .: Verbena tampensis Nash ): It occurs only in Florida .

Glandularia tecticaulis (Tronc.) N. O'Leary ( Syn .: Verbena tecticaulis Tronc. ): It occurs in Paraguay.

Glandularia tenera (Spreng.) Cabrera (Syn .: Verbena tenera Spreng. , Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. , Verbena pulchella Sweet , Verbena tenuisecta auct.): It is native to southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and central to northern Argentina . It occurs as a neophyte in other areas of the New World.

Glandularia teucriifolia (M.Martens & Galeotti) Umber (Syn .: Glandularia rinconensis (Moldenke) Umber , Verbena andrieuxii Schauer , Verbena rinconensis Moldenke , Verbena teucriifolia M.Martens & Galeotti ): It occurs from Mexico to Guatemala.

Glandularia thymoides (Cham.) N. O'Leary (Syn .: Verbena thymoides Cham. ): It occurs in Brazil, Argentina (only in the Entre Ríos province) and Uruguay.

Glandularia tomophylla (Briq.) P. Peralta ( Syn .: Verbena tomophylla Briq. , Glandularia spectabilis (Moldenke) Botta , Verbena spectabilis Moldenke ): It occurs in Brazil, eastern and central Argentina and Paraguay.

Glandularia tumidula (LMPerry) Umber (Syn .: Verbena tumidula L.M.Perry ): It comes from the US states of Texas and New Mexico to the Mexican states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas ago.

Glandularia tweedieana (Niven ex Hook.) P. Peralta (Syn .: Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc. , Verbena incisa Hook. , Verbena tweedieana Niven ex Hook. , Glandularia tessmannii (Moldenke) P. Peralta & V. Thode , Verbena tessmannii Moldenke ): It occurs from Bolivia to Brazil and central to northern Argentina.

Glandularia venturii (Moldenke) Botta (Syn .: Verbena venturii Moldenke , Glandularia glandulifera (Moldenke) Ragonese , Verbena glandulifera Moldenke , Glandularia perakii Covas & Schnack ): It occurs in Bolivia and Argentina.

Glandularia verecunda Umber : It occurs from southern Texas to northeastern Mexico.

Since 2009, the following are no longer included in the genus Glandularia but in Junellia :

Glandularia ballsii (Moldenke) Botta (Syn .: Verbena ballsii Moldenke ) → Junellia ballsii (Moldenke) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta
Glandularia clavata (Ruiz & Pav.) Botta (Syn .: Verbena clavata Ruiz & Pav. ) → Junellia clavata (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Leary & Múlgura
Glandularia crithmifolia (Gillies & Hook.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena crithmifolia Gillies & Hook. ) → Junellia crithmifolia (Gillies & Hook.) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta
Glandularia hookeriana Covas & Schnack → Junellia hookeriana (Covas & Schnack) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta
Glandularia origenes (Phil.) Schnack & Covas (Syn .: Verbena origenes Phil. ) → Junellia origenes (Phil.) N.O'Leary & P.Peralta

Christenhusz et al. In 2018 six species were placed in the genus Verbena :

Glandularia alejandrana B.L.Turner → Verbena alejandrana (BLTurner) Christenh. & Byng : It occurs in the Mexican states of Nuevo León , Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí .
Glandularia angustilobata (Moldenke) P.Peralta & V.Thode (Syn .: Verbena cabrerae var. Angustilobata Moldenke ) → Verbena angustilobata (Moldenke) Christenh. & Byng : It only occurs in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul .
Glandularia brachyrhynchos G.L.Nesom & Vorobik → Verbena brachyrhynchos (GLNesom & Vorobik) Christenh. & Byng : It occurs in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí.
Glandularia guaibensis P. Peralta & V. Thode : It was first described in 2010 from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . → Verbena guaibensis (P.Peralta & V.Thode) Christenh. & Byng
Glandularia malpaisana T. Van Devender & GLNesom : It was first described in 2012 from the Mexican state of Sonora . → Verbena malpaisana (T.Van Devender & GLNesom) Christenh. & Byng
Glandularia turneri G.L.Nesom → Verbena turneri (GLNesom) Christenh. & Byng : It occurs in the Mexican states of Coahuila and Nuevo León .

swell

Brief description in the Flora of New South Wales . (engl.)
Dissertation by Michaela Binder: Verbena L., Glandularia Gmel., Junellia Moldenke, Lantana L. and Lippia L. (Verbenaceae) in Peru , Faculty of Biology at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, 2002. Online. (German; PDF; 28.0 MB)
N. O'Leary, V. Thode: The genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 101, 2016, pp. 699-749. doi : 10.3417 / 2014008

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Nataly O'Leary, Verônica Thode: The Genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 101, December 2016, pp. 699-749. doi : 10.3417 / 2014008
^ Glandularia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glandularia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 6, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Maarten MJ Christenhusz, Michael Fay, James W. Byng: The Global Flora: Special Edition: GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1 . tape 4 . Plant Gateway Ltd., 2018, ISBN 978-0-9929993-6-0 , pp. 146 ( Verbena on p. 146 in the Google book search).

Web links

Commons : Glandularia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[O'Leary2016-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Nataly O'Leary, Verônica Thode: The Genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 101, December 2016, pp. 699-749. doi : 10.3417 / 2014008

[GRIN-2] Glandularia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glandularia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 6, 2020.

[Christenhusz2018-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Maarten MJ Christenhusz, Michael Fay, James W. Byng: The Global Flora: Special Edition: GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1 . tape 4 . Plant Gateway Ltd., 2018, ISBN 978-0-9929993-6-0 , pp. 146 ( Verbena on p. 146 in the Google book search).