Old luck pit

Old luck pit
	General information about the mine
	Lithograph from the Altglück mine in 1855
	Information about the mining company
Start of operation	1826
End of operation	1875
	Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Zinc , lead , silver , copper , iron
	Geographical location
Coordinates	50 ° 42 '27.2 " N , 7 ° 19' 49.2" E Coordinates: 50 ° 42 '27.2 " N , 7 ° 19' 49.2" E
	Location Altglück pit
Location	Bennerscheid
local community	Koenigswinter
District ( NUTS3 )	Rhein-Sieg district
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany

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The Altglück mine is a former non-ferrous metal ore mine southeast of Bennerscheid , a district of the city of Königswinter in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia . The mine belonged to the Brühl-Unkel mining district and was the most important lead and zinc ore mine there. The Altglück mine was also known under the names Silberkaule and Johann-Petersgrube . Despite the same name as the medieval predecessor company, the mine is not identical to the Silberkaule mine .

history

The beginnings

Already around 100 BC In pre-Roman times, mining was carried out in the mine field of the later Altglück mine . At this time the Celts dug for lead ores in this area in order to melt them down. This was proven in 1995 and 1996 by excavations carried out by the LVR Office for Ground Monument Preservation in the Rhineland . Later the here have Romans especially lead ore in the open pit over a distance of 1,000 m mined . Underground mining began in the mine field between the 12th century and the beginning of the 15th century. This medieval mining is first documented for the year 1122. This year gave Emperor Henry V of Abbey Siegburg the right to mine on their possessions metal ores. At that time the mine was operated under the name Silberkaule . In order to be able to mine the ores, a tunnel was first built . In addition, further tunnels and crosscuts were built, and blind shafts were also sunk . The ore extracted was then conveyed to the next higher mine via the blind shafts . The removal conveyance of the ore on days was carried out by so-called tire bays . In 1401, the Roman-German King Ruprecht of the Palatinate confirmed the document from 1122. After this time there was no more mining in the field for probably several hundred years.

The first years of the mine

In the period from 1799 to 1802, kuxes from the Silberkaule mine were traded. In 1801 the mining operations were resumed. The mine was enfeoffed under the name Johann Petersgrube . At the time of the mortgage lending, it was assumed that the mine field had not been operated in any other way than open-cast mining. R. Schradie, Moscheroth and Hahn from Frankfurt, Heuser and Lenz from Neuwied and Privy Councilor Bennet were named in the documents as trades . A new tunnel was started . The tunnel was set up in the Aubach valley and driven around 30 meters into the mountain. The tunnel set up in this way had a construction height of 15 puddles underground. In the excavation of the tunnel only minor Erzmittel were disrupted. After driving the tunnel to the bottom of the tunnel , you met the old man of the previous company. Several, partly still intact, mine workings of the predecessor company were started up. Among other things, a blind shaft was found that had a depth of 10 peaks below the bottom of the tunnel. An old route and a cross passage were also approached. These mines refuted the assumption that the mine field had previously only been open-cast. After a further tunnel was encountered, which led to a depth of 61 meters, a deeper tunnel began. This tunnel produced a depth gain of 22 laughs. However, the excavation of this tunnel was not completed and operations came to a standstill. The reason for this was the high costs that resulted from the further development of the deposit . Between 1821 and 1824 several tests were carried out over days with mining shafts to investigate the continuation of the vein . However, these tests did not provide any useful information. After that, the union stopped all work.

The new beginning

In 1826 a new mutation called Alt-Glück was introduced. In the same year, Neuwied Gesellschaft Steffens & Co. began investigating the site of the Alt-Glück mine. First of all, the old Dollenbachs tunnel, which came from the predecessor company and brought in 30½ laughs, was cleared . The work extended over a period of several years. In 1830, the mineralogist and geologist Johann Jacob Nöggerath and the chemist Karl Gustav Bischof carried out investigations on the old wooden pit lining of the previous mine . This extension was made of beech wood and covered with a coating of zinc sulfur sinter. According to the investigations by Nöggerath and Bischof, this sintered coating initially formed on the pit wood during the operating time of the previous mine . When the tunnel broke and filled with pit water, the formation of sinter increased. During the work in the tunnel, in addition to the old expansion, other mining objects such as B. found a reel and an old shovel. The reel that was found was used to mine the ores. Over the years, the tunnel has been opened up to a length of about 300 laughers. By the end of 1836 the trades of the Neuwied trade union had to pay a total of 4,000 thalers in extra fines . In the following year, work in the tunnel was stopped again. The mine then fell into the open .

The other years

In 1846, the pit that had fallen into the free mountain range was re-awarded. The mine was taken over by the Rhodius company from Linz. The entitlement was awarded under the name Altglück. In the same year began with the sinking of two shafts , with a gallery connected were. However, production in the mine did not begin until after 1850. It was only at this point in time that it became possible to remove the zinc blende. The Rhodius company used the zinc blende obtained at the mine in the Sterner Hütte to produce vitriol . On December 29, 1852, the Altglück mine was acquired by Donon, Aubry et Compagnie and sold again four months later. The new operator on April 28, 1853 was the “ Société Anonyme des Mines et Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille-Montagne ” from Liège , founded in 1837 by the Belgian banker and industrialist François-Dominique Mosselman , which was later named AG des Altenbergs for Germany . To align the mine field, a tunnel with a length of 950 m was excavated. The exposed ore vein was worth building over a length of 630 m and consisted mainly of zinc blende and, to a small extent, of galena, copper pebbles, sulfur pebbles and spate iron . At that time, the Altglück mine consisted of the two length fields Altglück I and Altglück II . In 1859, the neighboring was mine Neuglück the mine Altglück under the latter name consolidated . In the 1860s there was a fundamental redesign and expansion of the mine, in the course of which operations were relocated to what is now the city of Hennef (Sieg) between the districts of Hanf and Wellesberg . The operational center including the management and secondary processing was built around 1865 about one kilometer from the previous location in the valley of the Dollenbach (city area Hennef). In addition to the administration building, it comprised several daytime facilities . Operations ceased in 1875.

Operation and facilities

The mining took place mainly in the southern area of the Altglück pit. Four tunnels, a machine shaft and a weather shaft had been prepared for this . The above-ground operating facilities are shown on the lithograph from 1855. In the processing plant , the extracted rock was crushed, washed and separated into waste rock and ore types. A drum wash and a lift wash, nine setting screens, a coarse and a fine rolling mill, as well as six shock cookers were available for this. The deaf material then landed on heaps , the ores obtained were transported by private entrepreneurs in teams to Niederdollendorf , from where they were transported on by ships.

Promotion and workforce

Up to 200 employees worked at the Altglück mine. The miners were insured against accidents and illness in the miners' association of the Brühl-Unkel mining district. The large number of different activities on the mine is exemplified from the year 1865. This year 175 people were employed at the mine, 88 of them underground and 87 above ground . To underground workers included a Steiger , two upper Hauer, 59 Hauer , 13 feed people , five Stürzjungen , a carpenter, three carpenters, a blacksmith and three assistants. About a day Steiger, a guard, 21 were Scheider , eight Klaubemädchen , 18 roll workers, 24 workers wash, ten shock herd workers and another three workers employed in the processing plant.

Funding numbers 1858–1864
year	Zinc ores [t]	Lead ore [t]
1858	1,228.50	88.55
1859	534.55	83.60
1860	1,336.85	209.10
1861	2,404.40	180.40
1862	2,550.10	158.70
1863	2,957.10	105.00
1864	2,063.40	72.10

Source:

Current condition

Today the spoil dump of the former mining company still exists, it is now covered with conifers. The Bergische Weg leads past the dump. Most of the buildings were probably demolished in the 19th century after the mine was closed. Only the gatekeeper's house remains of the processing plant, as is the reservoir of the processing plant. The pings caused by mining sometimes fill up with water.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Christian Reinhard Kieß and Klemens Dormagen: Mining between Schmelztal, Aegidieneberg, Brüngsberg, Nonnenberg and Quirrenbach , in: Von Wasserkunst and Pingen, Erzbergbau in the Rhein-Sieg district and its surroundings, Siegburg 2005, pp. 36–42, ISBN 3-935005-95-4
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ C. Heusler: Description of the Brühl-Unkel mining area and the lignite basin on the Lower Rhine . In Adolph Marcus, Bonn 1897, pp. 120-122.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d KC von Leonhard, HG Bronn (Hrsg.): New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts . E, Schweizerbart's Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1933, pp. 201-202.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o J. Nöggerath, G. Bischof: Sulfur pebbles as sinter formation in an old mine . In: Journal for Chemistry and Physics . Fr. W. Schweigger - Seidel (ed.) In connection with several scholars, LXV volume, the third row, fifth volume, Halle 1832, printed by Eduard Anton, pp. 245–252.
^ Christian Kieß, Klemens Dormagen: zinc mining near Bennerscheid, Sand, Pützstück and Rübhausen . In: The mountain messenger . Issue 1, Bonn 2012, pp. 10–11.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Christine Wohlfarth: Ground monument SU 019 Silberkaule mine . In: Model development of a concept to safeguard the interests of the protection of cultural property within the framework of the large-scale nature conservation project of the cultural landscape . Catalog Az 29729-45, LVR Office for Ground Monument Preservation in the Rhineland (Ed.), Part 3, Bonn 2013, pp. 16-17.
↑ Karl Rumpf: Gemelin's manual of inorganic chemistry . Part A 1 History, eighth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1973, p. 74.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Claudia Maria Arndt and Bernd Habel: Von Grubenfeld and Berghoheit , ore mining in the Rhein-Sieg district and its surroundings, part 2, Siegburg 2011, pp. 207–211, ISBN 978-3-938535-74 -5 .

Web links

Mineralienatlas - Fossilatlas, Grube Altglück, accessed on October 11, 2016

[Kiess-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Christian Reinhard Kieß and Klemens Dormagen: Mining between Schmelztal, Aegidieneberg, Brüngsberg, Nonnenberg and Quirrenbach , in: Von Wasserkunst and Pingen, Erzbergbau in the Rhein-Sieg district and its surroundings, Siegburg 2005, pp. 36–42, ISBN 3-935005-95-4

[Quelle_1-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ C. Heusler: Description of the Brühl-Unkel mining area and the lignite basin on the Lower Rhine . In Adolph Marcus, Bonn 1897, pp. 120-122.

[Quelle_5-3] A ^b ^c ^d KC von Leonhard, HG Bronn (Hrsg.): New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts . E, Schweizerbart's Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1933, pp. 201-202.

[Quelle_3-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o J. Nöggerath, G. Bischof: Sulfur pebbles as sinter formation in an old mine . In: Journal for Chemistry and Physics . Fr. W. Schweigger - Seidel (ed.) In connection with several scholars, LXV volume, the third row, fifth volume, Halle 1832, printed by Eduard Anton, pp. 245–252.

[Quelle_4-5] Christian Kieß, Klemens Dormagen: zinc mining near Bennerscheid, Sand, Pützstück and Rübhausen . In: The mountain messenger . Issue 1, Bonn 2012, pp. 10–11.

[Quelle_7-6] Christine Wohlfarth: Ground monument SU 019 Silberkaule mine . In: Model development of a concept to safeguard the interests of the protection of cultural property within the framework of the large-scale nature conservation project of the cultural landscape . Catalog Az 29729-45, LVR Office for Ground Monument Preservation in the Rhineland (Ed.), Part 3, Bonn 2013, pp. 16-17.

[Quelle_6-7] Karl Rumpf: Gemelin's manual of inorganic chemistry . Part A 1 History, eighth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1973, p. 74.

[Quelle_2-8] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Claudia Maria Arndt and Bernd Habel: Von Grubenfeld and Berghoheit , ore mining in the Rhein-Sieg district and its surroundings, part 2, Siegburg 2011, pp. 207–211, ISBN 978-3-938535-74 -5 .