Group of the twenty most important industrial and emerging countries

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Heads of State and Government at the G20 summit in Hangzhou 2016

The G20 (abbreviation for Group of Twenty ) is an informal association of 19 countries and the European Union that has existed since 1999 . It represents the most important industrial and emerging countries . The G20 primarily serves as a forum for the exchange of information on problems of the international economic and financial system , but also for coordination on other global issues such as climate policy, women's rights, educational opportunities, migration and terrorism. The direction and effectiveness of their resolutions are controversial.

On December 1, 2017, Argentina assumed the G20 presidency for one year. Germany previously held the chairmanship and hosted the G20 summit in Hamburg on July 7 and 8, 2017 .

Members

  • G20 member states
  • States indirectly represented by membership of the EU (no G20 members)

    • The 19 member states include the industrialized countries of the G7 and the emerging countries of the O-5 . The European Union has three members : Germany , France and Italy . The United Kingdom was also a member of the EU until Brexit on January 31, 2020 . In addition, the EU is a member, which also represents the other EU countries. Just under two thirds of the world's population live in the countries represented directly or indirectly in the G20 . They generate over 85 percent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) and account for around three quarters of world trade (as of the end of 2016).

    Country or association of
    states     		population GDP ( nominal ) GDP ( purchasing power parity ) region
    Million percent Million US $ percent Million US $ percent region
    ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 43.4 0.6 545.124 0.7 912.816 0.7 South America
    AustraliaAustralia Australia 23.8 0.3 1,258,978 1.7 1,251,416 1.0 Oceania
    BrazilBrazil Brazil 207.8 2.8 1,798,622 2.4 3,216,031 2.5 South America
    GermanyGermany Germany * 83.0 1.1 3,466,639 4.7 4,134,668 3.3 Europe
    EuropeEurope European Union 510.0 6.9 16,518,723 22.3 20.745.301 16.4 Europe
    FranceFrance France * 66.5 0.9 2,463,222 3.3 2,833,064 2.2 Europe
    IndiaIndia India 1,311.1 17.8 2,256,397 3.0 9,489,302 7.5 South asia
    IndonesiaIndonesia Indonesia 257.6 3.5 932,448 1.3 3,257,123 2.6 South East Asia
    ItalyItaly Italy * 60.7 0.8 1,850,735 2.5 2,303,108 1.8 Europe
    JapanJapan Japan 127.0 1.7 4,938,644 6.6 5,420,228 4.3 East asia
    CanadaCanada Canada 35.8 0.5 1,529,224 2.1 1,752,910 1.4 North America
    MexicoMexico Mexico 127.0 1.7 1,046,002 1.4 2,406,199 1.9 North America
    RussiaRussia Russia 144.1 2.0 1,280,731 1.7 3,938,001 3.1 Europe / Asia
    Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 31.5 0.4 639.617 0.9 1,796,205 1.4 Middle East
    South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 55.0 0.7 294.132 0.4 761.926 0.6 Africa
    Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 50.6 0.7 1,411,246 1.9 2,029,706 1.6 East asia
    TurkeyTurkey Turkey 80.8 1.1 857.429 1.2 2,082,079 1.6 Europe / Asia
    United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom * 65.1 0.9 2,629,188 3.5 2,905,392 2.3 Europe
    United StatesUnited States United States 321.4 4.4 18,569,100 25.0 19,417,144 15.3 North America
    China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 1,371.2 18.7 11,218,281 15.1 23.194.411 18.3 East asia
    total 4,696.0 63.9 65.094.698 87.7 101,670,798 80.3
    world 7,350.0 100.0 74.188.701 100.0 126,687,917 100.0

    Population according to World Bank data from 2015, gross domestic product in 2016, GDP according to purchasing power parity are estimates for 2017.

     * The four EU member states (the United Kingdom was still an EU member at the time the data was collected) are not taken into account in the total because their values ​​are included in the row for the European Union.

    Participants at the summit meetings

    The heads of state and government as well as the finance ministers and central bank heads of the 19 member states take part in the summit, as well as the President of the European Council (if the EU Presidency is not led by a G7 state at that time), the President of the European Central Bank , the Executive Director (Managing Director) of the International Monetary Fund , the chairman of the International Monetary and financial Committee (IMFC), the world Bank President and the chairman of the Development Committee of the OECD .

    history

    Prehistory and foundation

    In response to the Asian crisis , a group of 22 (also known as the Willard Group ) was decided at the summit of the APEC countries in Vancouver (Canada) in November 1997, on the initiative of then US President Bill Clinton . Compared to today's G20, the G-22 states also included Hong Kong , Malaysia , Poland , Singapore and Thailand ; The European Union , Turkey and Saudi Arabia were not yet represented . In April 1998 the first meeting of the G22 took place in Washington .

    In 1999 the group was briefly expanded to form the G33 ; this had a meeting in Bonn in March and one in Washington, DC in April 1999. In September 1999, at the meeting of G7 finance ministers, the G20 was launched to replace it. The founding meeting took place on 15./16. December 1999 in Berlin . This G20 should not be confused with the association of developing countries of the same name , which was formed in 2003 at the World Trade Organization , but then lost its importance.

    Meetings

    year logo city country date Remarks
    1999 Berlin GermanyGermany Germany 15/16 December Founding; until 2008 as meeting of finance ministers
    2000 Montreal CanadaCanada Canada 24./25.10.
    2001 Ottawa CanadaCanada Canada 16./17.11.
    2002 Delhi IndiaIndia India 22/23 November
    2003 Morelia MexicoMexico Mexico 26./27.10.
    2004 Berlin GermanyGermany Germany 19./21.11.
    2005 Beijing China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 15/16 October
    2006 Melbourne AustraliaAustralia Australia 18./19.11.
    2007 Cape Town South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 17/18 November
    2008 São Paulo BrazilBrazil Brazil 8/9 November
    2008 Washington, DC United StatesUnited States United States 15./16.11. “World financial summit”: first meeting at the level of the heads of state and government in view of the financial crisis from 2007 , additionally with the Netherlands, Spain and the Czech Republic; see Washington summit
    2009 London United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom 1./2.04. Follow-up meeting of the Washington Summit, additionally with Spain, the Czech Republic ( EU Council Presidency ), the Netherlands, Ethiopia ( NEPAD representative) and Thailand ( ASEAN Presidency)
    2009
    G20-Pittsburgh 2009.svg
    		 Pittsburgh United StatesUnited States United States 24./25.9. additionally with Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden ( EU Council Presidency )
    2010
    G20-Toronto 2010.svg
    		 Toronto CanadaCanada Canada 26./27.6. additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Malawi ( AU- Presidency), the Netherlands, Spain ( EU-Presidency ) and Vietnam (ASEAN-Presidency); see Toronto summit
    2010
    G20-Seoul 2010.png
    		 Seoul Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea 11/11/11 additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Malawi ( AU chair), Singapore, Spain and Vietnam (ASEAN chair)
    2011
    G20-Cannes 2011.svg
    		 Cannes FranceFrance France 3rd / 4th November additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Equatorial Guinea ( AU chair), Singapore, Spain and the United Arab Emirates ( Gulf Cooperation Council )
    2012 Los Cabos MexicoMexico Mexico 18./19.6. also with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Benin ( AU chair), Chile, Cambodia, Colombia and Spain
    2013 St. Petersburg RussiaRussia Russia 5th / 6th September
    2014 Brisbane AustraliaAustralia Australia 15./16.11. Foundation of Women20 (W20)
    2015 Antalya TurkeyTurkey Turkey 15./16.11. additionally with Azerbaijan , Malaysia (ASEAN chair), Senegal (NEPAD representative), Singapore , Spain and Zimbabwe (AU chair)
    2016
    G20-2016-China.jpg
    		 Hangzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China 4./5.9. The PRC and the US announced that they would ratify the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ; see summit in Hangzhou
    2017
    G20 2017 logo.svg
    		 Hamburg GermanyGermany Germany 7./8.7. see summit in Hamburg
    2018
    G20 2018 logo.svg
    		 Buenos Aires ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 11/30/1/12 see summit in Buenos Aires
    2019 Osaka JapanJapan Japan June 28/29 see Osaka summit
    2020 Riad Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia announced in 2017
    2021 Candidate: Bari ItalyItaly Italy announced 2018
    2022 New Delhi IndiaIndia India announced 2018

    Switzerland

    Although the G20 deals with issues of the international financial system, Switzerland , one of the most important financial centers in the world, was not accepted into the G20. In terms of the size of its economies, measured in terms of GDP, Switzerland would also belong to the G20, as Switzerland's GDP is greater than that of South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Argentina. To take this into account, the then French President Nicolas Sarkozy invited Switzerland in November 2010 to prepare for the summit in Cannes (France) in November 2011. The foreign ministers of Switzerland and Russia agreed in Moscow on October 25, 2012 that Russia (which held the presidency in 2013) would use Switzerland's know-how in financial matters to prepare for the 2013 G20 summit. Since the G20 shapes the agendas of world politics, it is the aim of the Swiss Federal Council (government) to become a permanent guest at the preparatory meetings of the G20. The country in which the G20 is chairing decides on any invitation. In 2020 Switzerland will take part in the summit in full for the first time.

    Monitoring politicians

    According to documents passed on by Edward Snowden to the British newspaper The Guardian , the British intelligence and security service ( Government Communications Headquarters ) systematically spied on and wiretapped politicians from other countries at the G20 meeting in London in 2009 and is planning to do so for future G20 and G20 G7 meeting. Among other things, cell phone connections, e-mails and computers were spied on, and some data was obtained using keyloggers, even after the G20 summit, and passed on to British politicians. For this purpose, the participants were lured into free internet cafés.

    See also

    Web links

    Commons : G20  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ History of the G20 Summit. In: g20.org ; see there also the compilation of important summit documents
    2. ↑ From climate protection to Africa to digitization. Topics of the Hamburg G20 summit. bundesregierung.de, accessed on July 28, 2017
    3. ↑ See Ingo doctor: G20 and the banks: Godzilla is alive! taz.de, July 7, 2017
    4. ^ Group of Twenty (G20). In: bundesfinanzministerium.de , as of November 30, 2016.
    5. ↑ Population data from the World Bank. 2017, accessed on June 27, 2017 .
    6. ↑ IMF list of countries with their nominal GDP 2015/16. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (English).
    7. ↑ GDP at purchasing power parity based on IMF estimates for 2017. Accessed July 1, 2017 .
    8. ↑ IMF estimates for EU GDP. Accessed July 1, 2017 .
    9. ^ The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997. In: worldbank.org , 2011, p. 310 (PDF)
    10. ^ Group of Twenty (G20). ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: bundesfinanzministerium.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesfinanzministerium.de
    11. ↑ Video conference at the highest level. In: welt.de , June 1, 2012, accessed on June 3, 2012
    12. ↑ 20 Things You Should Know About the G20 Summit in Turkey. In: dtj-online.de. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
    13. ↑ Bari candidata ufficialmente a ospitare il G20 del 2021 (Italian) . In: bariviva.it , April 13, 2019. 
    14. ↑ "Sfida impegnativa by far volar la città" (Italian) . In: baritoday.it , April 13, 2019. 
    15. ↑ a b Italy and India's G20 orientation
    16. ^ Message from Radio DRS
    17. ↑ Moscow wants to include Switzerland in the G20 preparations. In: NZZ.ch
    18. ↑ G20 meeting - Switzerland has been waving for participation. In: srf.ch , accessed on September 5, 2016
    19. ↑ Federal Council decides priorities for Switzerland's G20 participation in 2020. In: seco.admin.ch . December 20, 2019, accessed January 14, 2020 .
    20. ↑ GCHQ intercepted foreign politicians' communications at G20 summits (16 June 2013). In: The Guardian , accessed June 16, 2013.
    21. ↑ Data espionage: British secret service spied on G20 participants. In: Zeit Online , June 17, 2013