Harro Harring

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Harro Harring (1832)

Harro Paul Harring (born August 28, 1798 at the Ibenshof near Wobbenbüll in North Friesland , † May 15, 1870 in Saint Helier in Jersey ) was a North Frisian revolutionary , poet and painter .

Life

Harro Paul Kasimir Harring was the youngest son of the farmer Harro Wilhelm Martens and his wife Margarethe Dorothea nee. Sievers (1767–1826) was born on the Ibenshof. His father later became a dikemaster . He died in 1810, so that Harro became a half-orphan. At the customs office in Husum, he first completed an apprenticeship as a clerk. Around 1817 the desire to become a painter arose and he studied at the Art Academy in Copenhagen and in Dresden . There he met Johan Christian Dahl , with whom a friendship developed. Through contacts with the radical wing of the German fraternities , his political thinking was lastingly influenced; in 1819 he became a member of the old Dresden fraternity / Concordia . He was temporarily a member of the Apollo Masonic Lodge in Leipzig.

"Professional revolutionary"

In 1820 he spent two months in Vienna, then went to Copenhagen. In 1821 he joined the Philhellenic Legion and wanted to take part in the Greek fight for freedom against the Turks . In January 1822 he sailed on a ship from Marseille to Greece. On site, disappointed with the passivity of the Greeks, he went to Italy in the same year and made connections with the German artists' colony in Rome.

After meeting the English poet Lord Byron , Harring tried to build a bourgeois existence in Munich , where he lived from late 1822 to 1826, and wrote dramas for the theater. He then worked from 1826 to 1827 as a dramaturge in Vienna and was finally expelled as a demagogue by the Metternich government . When he did not succeed in freeing the Greek freedom fighter Ypsilantis from the small fortress Theresienstadt , he fled to Munich, where he met Heinrich Heine and the Vormärz politician Georg Fein , who later became one of his friends. In 1828 Harring came to Warsaw to take part in the Polish struggle for freedom against Russia. He became an officer in the army of Grand Duke Constantine , who was the military governor and general of the Polish troops in Congress Poland (controlled by Russia) . Through his stay in Warsaw, Harring's sympathy for the oppressed Poles grew and he took part in the Polish resistance movement. Despite being a foreigner, Harring was even privy to the plans for the upcoming November Uprising in which he was to take part. The Polish leadership persuaded him to flee Poland, on the one hand, because Harring was already being pursued by the Russian secret police and, on the other hand, was supposed to report on the situation in Poland in German-speaking countries.

When the July Revolution broke out in France in 1830, he returned to Germany and stayed in Leipzig and Braunschweig , among others , participating in the Hambach Festival in 1832 and in Mazzini's Savoy procession in 1834 . He campaigned for oppressed peoples with newspaper articles, pamphlets , poems and novels. Some of his writings were banned and he was arrested and expelled several times.

The idea of ​​freeing the peoples from their bondage developed into an obsession. Harring traveled to Rio de Janeiro in 1840 and campaigned for the liberation of the slaves. In sketches, he described the misery of the lower classes. As a campaigner of Giuseppe Garibaldi , he also wanted to implement the project to found the United States of South America. In 1843 he settled in New York as a writer and painter , founded a "Scandinavian National Society" and got into a dispute with his fellow countrymen from Schleswig-Holstein.

The revolution of 1848

When the news of the outbreak of the March Revolution in Germany in 1848 he traveled back to Europe. One of the highlights in his life was his speech to the North Frisians on the Bredstedter Marktplatz on July 23, 1848. He tried in vain to proclaim a North Frisian Free State ; since 2016 a “time window” on the Bredstedt market square has been reminding of this event. In Rendsburg he was the editor in charge of the democratic republican newspaper Das Volk . His frequent appearances as a political candidate for the national assembly were of course not very successful. From 1849 he traveled further to Norway , England and the USA . In 1854 he made his third trip to Rio de Janeiro and subsequently worked as a painter and magnetic healer.

Exile in Jersey

Harring's grave in Macpéla Cemetery, Jersey

He spent the last years of his life in utter poverty and isolation on the Channel Island of Jersey. He was ill and suffered from paranoia . Theodor Storm supported his wish to return home with an expert opinion. But Harro Harring committed before - at the age of 71 years - suicide .

Awards and honors

  • 1849 honorary member of the Neuwerker Citizens' Association

portrait

Works

  • Flowers of the youth journey , 1821
  • Tragicomic Adventures of a Philhellenic , Harro Paul Harring, Foreword and Edited by Heinrich Conrad, Verlag Robert Lutz, Stuttgart 1923
  • Seals , 1821
  • Stories , 1825
  • The Psariot. The Khan. Poetic Tales , 1825
  • The Mainottes , dramatic poems, 1825
  • The poacher , tragedy, 1825
  • The Student from Salamanca , dramatic poem, 1825
  • Cypress leaves , short stories, 1825
  • Theocla. The Armenian , Tragedy, 1827
  • Tales from a Traveler's Papers , 1827
  • Szapary and Batthiany, heroic poem from the Hungarian Turkish Wars , 1828
  • Serenades and fantasies of a Frisian singer, along with sounds while tuning (forerunner of Rhonghar Jarr), 1828
  • Rhonghar Jarr. Journeys of a Frisian in Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Holland, France, Greece, Italy and Switzerland , 1828
  • Theocla. The Armenian , Tragedy, 1831 (2nd edition)
  • Memoirs on Poland under Russian rule. After a two-year stay in Warsaw , 1831
  • Die Schwarzen von Giessen, or the German Confederation , Novelle, 1831
  • Julius von Dreyfalken, the enthusiast's madness and end , novel, 1831
  • Tales from a Traveler's Papers , 1831 (2nd ed.)
  • Memories from Warsaw. Supplements to the memoirs on Poland , 1831
  • Faust in the garb of time. A shadow play with light , 1831
  • The renegade on Morea , tragedy, 1831
  • Rosabianca. The high song of the Frisian singer (Harro Harring) in exile , 1831
  • The Pole. A character painting from the third decade of our century , 1831
  • The Livornese Monk , Roman, 1831
  • The Carbonaro at Spoleto , political-satyrical novella, 1831
  • Firn - Mathes, the gunman's escape. Scenes in the Bavarian Highlands , novella, 1831
  • Russian Subjects , 1832
  • Drop of blood. German poems , 1832
  • The people. A dramatic poem , 1832
  • Thoughts on Truth, Love and Justice. Draft for representation of the people and for the formation of a people, democratic principles , 1832
  • Splinters and beams. Stories, résumés, travel flowers, poems and aphorisms, along with letters on literature , 1832
  • Chronique scandaleuse of the Petersburg court since the times of Empress Elisabeth Oder: Secret memoirs on the political and regent history of the Russian Empire from the period from 1740 to the death of Grand Duke Constantine. From the estate of an old statesman , 1832
  • Poland under the dominion of Russia. Printed for IS Szymanski, 1834
  • The seagull. German poems , 1835
  • Scandinavian's dream , 1839
  • Poetry of a Scandinaven , 1843
  • Speech to the North Frisians on the Bredstedt market square, 1848.
  • Historical fragment about the formation of workers' associations and their decline into communist speculations , 1852
  • Dolores, A Character Painting from South America , 1858–1859
  • The Dynasty , Tragedy, 1859

literature

  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer : "For freedom, equality and humanity" - Harro Harring - a revolutionary painter. In: Nordelbingen - contributions to art and cultural history. 48, 1979, pp. 81-111.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: "The young man's death for religion" - An early drawing by Harro Harring for the Danish Crown Prince from 1819. In: Mitteilungen der Harro-Harring-Gesellschaft. No. 1, Husum 1982, pp. 20-26.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: "The island of betrayal" - Harro Harring on Helgoland. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Volume 2, Husum 1983, pp. 4-25.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harro Harring and the consequences of the July revolution - the unrest in Saxony and the Polish struggle for freedom in 1830/1. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Book 3, Husum 1984, pp. 4-31.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: The processing of the Greek fight for freedom-Harro Harring as a theater poet 1822-29. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. No. 4/5, 1985/86, pp. 4-40.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harro Harring's involvement in the "Frankfurt Wachensturm" and his participation in the "Savoy Train". In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. No. 6/7, Husum 1987/88, pp. 52-77.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harro Harring as a friend and colleague of Mazzini in the years 1834–1836. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Issue 11/12, Husum 1992/93, pp. 8-35.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harro Harring as Philhellene 1821–1822. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Issue 13/14, Husum 1994/95, pp. 4-45.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harro Harring in Brazil. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Issue 15/16, Husum 1996/97, pp. 40-55.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harring's duel in London 1837. In: Communications from the Harro-Harring Society. Issue 17/18, Husum 1999/2000, pp. 4-13.
  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Harring's efforts to return to his homeland 1854–1867. In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. Issue 19/20, Husum 2002/2002, pp. 8-29.
  • Thomas Steensen : Harro Harring (chronology). In: Messages from the Harro-Harring Society. No. 6/7, Husum 1987/88, pp. 78-82.
  • Thomas Steensen: Harro Harring - a revolutionary. In: Ders .: In the sign of a new time. History of North Friesland 1800–1918. 4th edition. Verlag Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist / Bredstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-88007-330-2 , pp. 71-74.
  • Ellen Burditt McKey: Rewriting Arcadia. An analysis of German philhellenic literature. Univ. Diss., New Brunswick 1994.
  • Walter Grab: Radical CVs. From the bourgeois to the proletarian emancipation movement. (= Aesthetics and communication. 5). Verlag Ästhetik u. Communication, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-88245-205-6 .
  • Hans-Ulrich Hamer: The Schleswig-Holstein elevation in the life of Harro Harring. Boyens, Heide 1998, ISBN 3-8042-0826-6 .
  • Manfred Jessen-Klingenberg : Harro Harring in Norway. In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History . Volume 106, 1981, pp. 175-200. ISSN  0072-4254 (online)
  • Thusnelda Kuehl : Harro Harring, the Frisian. Hansen, Glückstadt 1906.
  • Thomas Thode: Harro Harring. An annotated bibliography of his works. Eutin State Library, Eutin 2005, ISBN 3-9808529-8-9 .
  • Kurt KoszykHarring, Harro Paul. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 702 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Karl Ernst Hermann KrauseHarring, Harro Paul . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pp. 641-643.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 2: F-H. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0809-X , pp. 240-243.
  • Peter Mathews : Harro Harring - Rebel of Freedom: The Story of the Poet, Painter and Revolutionary 1798-1870. Europa Verlag, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-95890-067-7 .

Web links

Commons : Harro Harring  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Harro Harring  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Noack : The Germanness in Rome since the end of the Middle Ages . Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1927, Volume 2, p. 239
  2. Dieter Lent: Finding aid for the inventory of the estate of the democrat Georg Fein (1803–1869) and the Fein family (1737-) approx. 1772–1924 . Lower Saxony Archive Administration, Wolfenbüttel 1991, ISBN 3-927495-02-6 , pp. 49, 82.
  3. Krystyna Szayna-Dec: Najgroźniejszy agitator sprawy polskiej. Awanturniczy żywot Harro Harringa Kazimirowicza, poety, bojownika o wolność. Ed .: Adam Sosnowski. Biały Kruk, ISBN 978-83-7553-248-7 , p. 248 .