Hawker Siddeley HS.125

de Havilland DH.125 Jet Dragon Hawker Siddeley HS.125 British Aerospace BAe 125
Hawker Siddeley HS.125 CC1 of the 32nd (The Royal) Squadron of the Royal Air Force in formation flight (2007)
Type:	twin-engine multipurpose aircraft
Design country:	United Kingdom
Manufacturer:	de Havilland Hawker Siddeley British Aerospace Raytheon
First flight:	August 13, 1962
Commissioning:	1963
Production time:	since 1963
Number of pieces:	~ 1700

The Hawker Siddeley HS.125 (developed as de Havilland DH.125 , later marketed as British Aerospace 125 and Raytheon Hawker 800/1000 ) is a twin- engine , multi-role jet produced by the British manufacturer Hawker Siddeley . The HS.125 is a low- wing aircraft and is still widely used in numerous versions today. At de Havilland, the machine was briefly nicknamed the Jet Dragon , based on the successful double-decker Dragon and Dragon Rapide .

history

De Havilland developed the DH.125 as the successor model to the Dove , which, after the Second World War, was successfully marketed as a business jet with over 500 built. In March 1961, de Havilland made the decision to build a Jet-Dove and invested four million pounds sterling from his own funds for the development and construction of two prototypes. The company saw good-natured flight characteristics, easy handling and maintenance and a conventional structure, but with all the advantages of a miniature jetliner, as important boundary conditions. In addition, the new machine should be able to operate from the same places that were sufficient for the Dove, which included grass fields.

Sixteen months later, the first prototype of the DH.125 was ready and took off for the first time with the British registration G-ARYA on August 13, 1962. In 1963 the company was taken over by Hawker Siddeley, so that production in Broughton began under the designation HS.125 and the first machines could be delivered in 1964. After the flight tests, the wings were slightly extended and more powerful engines were installed in the series aircraft; the prototypes were powered by two Viper 20s with 3,000 pounds of thrust each, and 3,600 pound Viper 520/522 engines were used in series production. Two prototypes have been preserved, G-ARYB and G-ARYC.

After Hawker Siddeley was again integrated into the aircraft manufacturer British Aerospace in 1977 , the aircraft continued to be built under the name BAe 125 . Two versions were produced in the 1990s, the 125-800 and 125-1000, the latter using the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW300 as a drive.

→ Main article : Raytheon Hawker 800

In 1993 the production was sold to Raytheon and the name of the machines was changed to Hawker 800 and Hawker 1000 . The thousandth copy was sold in April 1998. The Honeywell TFE731 was now offered as the drive . In July 1995, an improved version called the Hawker 800XP was offered, the Honeywell engine in this version makes 4,660 pounds of thrust. Thrust reversal also became standard with this version, and the minimum speeds were reduced through aerodynamic adjustments, which shortened take-off and landing distances.

Since it was continually being built even after the numerous takeovers, it is one of the longest in production business jets in the world.

construction

In order to be able to achieve the price of 1.6 million DM aimed for at the start of development in the standard version, the airframe had to be designed as simply as possible. The fuselage is cylindrical from the cockpit to the end of the passenger cabin. The one-piece wing is connected under the fuselage with four fittings, so that a complete replacement can be carried out in a short time, and a spar passage is not necessary at any point in the pressure cabin. This consistent separation of the fuselage and wings also allows optimal use of the clear width and height of the cabin. The passenger area has a clear height of 1.75 m, a length of 6 m and a width of 1.80 m. The cables and bumpers to the landing flaps and ailerons run outside the fuselage shell and are covered by a keel-like cladding.

use

There are numerous different variants of the Hawker Siddeley HS.125 or BAe 125. It is used in the civilian sector to this day as a business travel and training aircraft, in the military as a medical, advanced training and VIP transport aircraft.

Royal Air Force

In the Royal Air Force , the machines, all from the Series 2 , were named Dominie T1 or T2 ("T" to indicate their use as a trainer) and until January 2011 were mainly used to train weapons system officers and sensor operators in the British Aerospace Nimrod reconnaissance aircraft. The fleet initially consisted of 22 copies of the second series, of which the first with the registration number XS709 flew on December 30, 1964. Four machines, designated as HS.125 CC1 / CC2 / CC3 and with the license plates XW788 to XW791 , were delivered to No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron , which operates VVIP flights for the British government and the British royal family from RAF Northolt near London . The HS.125 used here were retired in 2015.

United States Air Force

Five copies of the United States Air Force used abroad as calibration aircraft for air navigation systems (e.g. rotary radio beacons ) were designated as C-29s . Responsibility for this task, known as C-FIN (Combat Flight Inspection and Navigation), was transferred together with the five aircraft to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in March 1991, which carried out flight inspection at civil airports in the USA with its own aircraft ; the HS.125 fleet was gradually replaced by Bombardier Challenger 604 from 2005 .

Air Self Defense Forces

The Japanese Air Self-Defense Forces have stationed aircraft under the designation U-125 in Iruma for flight inspection.

Brazilian Air Force

In Brazil , the HS.125 was used as a VIP transport aircraft from 1968. Five Series 3B aircraft were used by Grupo de Transporte Especial from the capital Brasília . In 1970, flight inspection came up as a further task for the group. Two machines were lost over time and were replaced by four Hawker 800XPs in the 1990s. Another machine was replaced by an Embraer ERJ-145 in the mid-2000s .

Other military users

Brazilian Air Force HS.125-400A

•  Argentina - Navy : 1 × for VIP transports
•  Biafra : 1
•  Botswana - Air Force
•  Ghana - Air Force
•  Ireland - Air Corps
•  Malawi
•  Malaysia - Air Force
•  Nigeria - Air Force
•  Nicaragua - Air Force
•  Saudi Arabia - Air Force
•  South Africa - Air Force

Technical specifications

Parameter	Data prototypes	HS.125 Srs.3B	HS.125-600	BAe 125-800	BAe 125-1000
crew	2
Passengers	6th		8th	8 to 14	8 to 15
length	13.26	14.45 m	15.39 m	15.60 m	16.42 m
span	13.42 m	14.33 m		15.66 m
height	4.27 m	5.03 m	5.26 m	5.36 m	5.21 m
Wing area	31.77 m²	32.79 m²		34.75 m²
Wing extension	5.7	6.3		7.1
Takeoff mass	8,626 kg	10,342 kg	11,340 kg	12,430 kg	14,060 kg
Max. Cruising speed		818 km / h	834 km / h	845 km / h	867 km / h
Range			2870 km with a 1070 kg payload	5218 km with max. Payload	6375 km with max. Payload
Engines	2 × Bristol Siddeley Viper 20 with 13.35 kN each	2 × Bristol Siddeley Viper 522 with 14.96 kN each	2 × Rolls-Royce Bristol Viper 601 with 16.69 kN each	2 × Honeywell TFE731 -5R turbofans with 19.13 kN each	2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW305 turbofans with 23.13 kN each

Incidents

During a formation flight in South Africa on May 26, 1971, three HS.125 (license plates 01 , 02 , 03 ) of the South African Air Force collided with Devil's Peak , a mountain in the Table Mountain range near Cape Town . The three pilots of the machines were killed.

The most serious accident involving an HS.125 occurred on March 16, 1991 about 9 miles from San Diego , California . The Series 1A machine, registered as N831LC , took off from the San Diego-Brown Field Municipal Airport with the destination Amarillo , Texas , under visual flight rules and requested a clearance according to instrument flight rules from the responsible air traffic controller . While this clearance was being coordinated, the airspace structure forced the machine to maintain an altitude of 3,300 feet and collided with Otay Mountain at 1:43 a.m. local time . None of the 10 people on board survived the impact. In addition to the pilot's lack of situational awareness with regard to his position and the surrounding obstacles, the cause was, among other things, faulty communication with the air traffic control employee with whom the pilot had submitted the flight plan and the fact that the flight plan had expired when the machine took off and he was therefore not able to receive a clearance for the further climb directly.

Web links

Commons : British Aerospace BAe 125  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• EASA IM.A.085 - Hawker Series Type Certification as of September 27, 2018

literature

• Hawker Siddeley HS 125 - The Executive Jets . In: Flug-Revue October 1964, pp. 26–28
• John WR Taylor (Ed.): Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1965-66 , Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd., London, 1965, pp. 148-149
• John WR Taylor (Ed.): Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1972-73 , Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd., London, 1972, pp. 199-201
• Mark Lambert (Ed.): Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1993-94 , Jane's Information Group Ltd., Coulsdon, 1993, pp. 377-379

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} De Havilland DH125. In: BAe Systems. Retrieved February 9, 2019 . 
2. ^ Raytheon Hawker 800XP. In: AOPA. January 10, 1995, accessed February 10, 2019 . 
3. ↑ RAYTHEON BAe-125-700 / 800 - SKYbrary Aviation Safety. Retrieved February 9, 2019 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Rudnei Dias da Cunha: Hawker-Siddeley HS-125 VU-93 / EU-93 / EU-93A / IU-93A. In: History of the Brazilian Air Force. Retrieved February 11, 2019 . 
5. ^ Alan Warnes: Banquet in Black . In: AIR International March 2011, p. 82f.
6. ↑ End of an era as BAe125 bows out of service with 32 Sqn Royal Air Force. In: FlyingInIreland.com. Retrieved April 20, 2015, February 10, 2019 (UK English). 
7. ↑ ^{a b} Flight Inspection History. In: Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved February 10, 2019 (American English). 
8. ↑ ^{a b} Hawker Beechcraft Hawker 800XP. In: Aerospace Technology. Retrieved February 10, 2019 (UK English). 
9. ↑ C-29A. In: GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved February 10, 2019 . 
10. ↑ Tony Wilkins: The Biafran Meteor Caper. (No longer available online.) In: Defense of the Realm. July 26, 2015, archived from the original on October 14, 2016 ; accessed on February 9, 2019 . 
11. ^ AJ Jackson: De Havilland Aircraft since 1909 , Naval Institute Press, 1987, p. 507
12. ↑ Taylor: Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1965-66. 1965, p. 149.
13. ↑ Taylor: Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1972-73. 1972, p. 200.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Lambert: Jane's All The World's Aircraft - 1993-94. 1993, pp. 377-379.
15. ↑ Harro Ranter: ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-125-400B 01 Devil's Peak. Retrieved February 11, 2019 . 
16. ↑ Harro Ranter: ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-125-400B 02 Devil's Peak. Retrieved February 11, 2019 . 
17. ↑ Harro Ranter: ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-125-400B 03 Devil's Peak. Retrieved February 11, 2019 . 
18. ↑ Harro Ranter: ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-125-1A N831LC San Diego-Brown Field Municipal Airport, CA (SDM). Retrieved February 11, 2019 .