Herbert Chapman

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Herbert Chapman
Herbert Chapman.jpg
Herbert Chapman
Personnel
birthday January 19, 1878
place of birth Kiveton Park , Rotherham ,  England
date of death January 6, 1934
Place of death Hendon , London ,  England
position striker
Juniors
Years station
Kiveton Park
Men's
Years station Games (goals) 1
1895-1897 Ashton North End
1897 Stalybridge Rovers
1897-1898 Rochdale
1898-1899 Grimsby Town 10 0(4)
1899 Swindon Town 3 0(2)
1899-1900 Sheppey United
1900-1901 Worksop Town
1901-1902 Northampton Town 25 (12)
1902-1903 Sheffield United 21 0(2)
1903-1905 Notts County 7 0(1)
1904-1905 →  Northampton Town  (loan) 16 0(8)
1905-1907 Tottenham Hotspur 38 (14)
1907-1909 Northampton Town 26 0(3)
Stations as a trainer
Years station
1907-1912 Northampton Town
1912-1919 Leeds City
1921-1925 Huddersfield Town
1925-1934 Arsenal FC
1 Only league games are given.

Herbert Chapman (born January 19, 1878 in Kiveton Park , Rotherham , † January 6, 1934 in Hendon , London ) was an English football player and coach .

As an active soccer player, Chapman initially had a modest career. Although he played for a large number of clubs, he had not even played 40 championship games in the Football League in over a decade . He did not succeed until he was a coach when he won the championship in the Southern League with Northampton Town in 1909 and led the second division Leeds City almost to the top English league in 1914. He celebrated his final breakthrough after the First World War at Huddersfield Town , when he won his first national title with an FA Cup victory and two English championships within just four years. His next successful stop was the until then relatively unsuccessful Arsenal FC , which he also presented with the first trophies in the club's history and laid the foundation for the club's dominance in the 1930s.

To this day, Chapman is considered one of the most renowned coaches in the history of football. As one of the first "modernizers" he introduced a number of innovations in the field of tactics and training methodology in English football. Chapman is among other things a driving force in English football with the introduction of floodlights in the stadiums, shirts with shirt numbers and above all with the orientation towards continental football, which was then on the upswing.

The beginnings

Herbert Chapman was born near the town of Rotherham in Kiveton Park . His father was a simple miner . In order not to have to lead a life as a mine worker himself, Herbert Chapman attended Sheffield Technical College and studied mining technology there.

As one of eleven children, he was also part of a very sporty family. Two of his brothers were supposed to become professional footballers. In particular, Herbert's younger brother Harry Chapman was comparatively successful, as he won two English championships and an FA Cup with The Wednesday in the 1900s. His older brother Tom Chapman came to Grimsby Town for use, while Matthew Chapman another brother should later be active in the club management of Grimsby.

Player career

Chapman spent his time as an active player as a "traveler" and since he mostly hired himself as an amateur, the respective club station was based on whether he could find a suitable job nearby. He spent his teenage years at the home club Kiveton Park and left his native area in 1895. He went to Ashton-under-Lyne and played there as an amateur for Ashton North End , before it took him to the Stalybridge Rovers and then to Rochdale - all three clubs mentioned were members of the Lancashire League . Chapman's position was in the slightly backward half-right striker position ("inside right") and he compensated for the lack of playful talent with fighting strength and a robust style of play.

In 1898 he joined his brother Tom at Grimsby Town, which at that time was playing in the Second Division , the second highest division of the Football League. Since Herbert Chapman maintained his amateur status, he took a job in the area as a consulting lawyer (" Solicitor "). In terms of sport, the 1898/99 season in Grimsby was mixed. After the club had stayed in the table basement from the start and clearly failed in the FA Cup at Preston North End with 0: 7, he finished in tenth place still a safe midfield place. Chapman himself had lost his place in the team in the end, where he tried to be a striker quite unhappily at times . The leadership of Grimsby Town eventually let Chapman go. This joined Swindon Town for a short time , but where he only came to three games and two goals. Chapman was also unable to find a suitable job there and so he eventually moved on. He spent a season at Sheppey United and was there with his team in the 1899/1900 season, bottom of the table in the Southern League. Despite becoming the club's top scorer at the time, Chapman, who sustained an injury towards the end of the season and was still out of work, returned to his hometown a little discouraged. There he played in the 1900/01 season for Worksop Town in the Midland League and attended Old Firth College in Sheffield to continue his engineering studies.

Due to the focus on his education, Chapman played mainly for the reserve team from Worksop Town. However, when he stood out positively in a game of the first team against Northampton Town , the opponent offered him a contract, so that Chapman succeeded in 1901 for the first time in the professional camp. He completed the entire 1901/02 season for Northampton and finished this with 12 goals in 25 games as the club's second-best goalscorer. One of the highlights was a good performance in the FA Cup against Sheffield United , which led to another contract offer. Chapman accepted the move to Sheffield, but fell back to his amateur status. The main reason for this decision was his desire to pursue an engineering activity in the Sheffield area. Overall, he scored two goals in 22 games for United, but struggled to defend his place on a team that had a number of internationals. It was sold to Notts County for £ 300 at the end of the 1902/03 season . There he was a paid footballer again, but was only on the field in seven games (he scored one goal).

In 1904 Chapman returned to his old club Northampton Town and ultimately played there a season on loan as he continued to be reported to Notts County. County agreed to a transfer to Tottenham Hotspur for £ 75 in 1905 . For the Spurs he scored eleven goals in the Southern League in the 1905/06 season and only three hits in the 1906/07 season. Since he was very inconsistent in the first team during his stay in Tottenham, Chapman decided at the end of the season to leave Tottenham and finally to turn his back on professional football as a player.

Coaching career

Northampton Town

When Chapman was on the go to leave Tottenham, he had recommended his teammate Walter Bull to take the coaching position at his ex-club Northampton Town. Bull decided against it, however, and rather suggested that Chapman take the job. In the role of a player- coach, Chapman finally hired at Northampton Town. There the need was very great, as the team had been bottom of the Southern League in the previous two seasons. Within a very short time, however, Chapman should mark the turning point. After a defeat of his team against Norwich City despite extensive superiority, Chapman decided to fundamentally rebuild the defense strategy according to the principle "Defense is the best form of attack". He assigned the "half-players" in midfield a much more defensive orientation and intended, in addition to strengthening the defensive line, more space for his strikers. He prescribed a constructive passing game for the defensive players themselves in defensive behavior and in building up the game. He also encouraged the club's management to invest more in new players. The new signings should include the Welsh international Edwin Lloyd-Davies , who to this day is the club's record "international" of Northampton Town. In his first senior season, Chapman led his club to eighth place and after further purchases, including Albert Lewis of Coventry City , and with the installation of David McCartney as a real midfield playmaker , the newly formed team won the Southern League title in the 1908/09 season. Chapman had put an end to his playing career after his last appearance in the spring of 1909 against Watford FC . The Charity Shield game, Chapman's team lost 2-0 to Newcastle United and although the team was not to win the Southern League title again in the Chapman era, the team consistently ranked in the top four in the following three seasons Teams. Northampton Town also demonstrated its efficiency in various FA Cup matches against teams from the top English division . With The Wednesday a first division team could be eliminated from the competition. Then with Nottingham Forest and the following year Newcastle United First Division opponents were only victorious in the replay against the "Cobblers".

Chapman tried during his tenure to lead Northampton Town into the game operations of the Football League. However, this project was difficult to put into practice because there was no regulated promotion and relegation regulation at the time. He proposed a two-part Football Alliance directly below the two Football League divisions plus an automatic promotion and relegation rule, as it was then implemented in a similar form in 1921 with the introduction of a north and south division within the Football League Third Division . But around 1910 this proposal was refused by the League Association. Towards the end of the 1911/12 season, Chapman then got the opportunity to look after a club from the second division of the Football League with Leeds City . The club management of Northampton Town released his successful coach, who found his way north.

Leeds City

Leeds City had finished 19th in the season before Chapman's commitment in the Second Division and was in the midst of the "re-election" process in which the club asked for re-eligibility to play in the second highest English division. It was not least thanks to Chapman's advocacy that this request was granted on the part of the association. Chapman signed some young and talented players and despite great form fluctuations - between two 5-1 victories the team lost 6-0 once - City finished sixth in the table at the end of the 1912/13 season. The new team created a mood of optimism on Elland Road in Chapman's first coaching season and the increased average attendance from 8,500 to 13,000 was also due to the offensively playing team, which scored the second-highest number of goals in the Second Division with 70 goals.

The sporting performance curve at Leeds City also showed up in the 1913/14 season and the club was in fourth place only two points below the promotion places. Chapman's prophecy to lead the club to the top English league within two years was not fulfilled, but the club management was extremely satisfied with the increasing number of spectators and the resulting increase in profits. Chapman had also made sure that Leeds City could make a name for itself in the city, which was traditionally more inclined to rugby . The outbreak of World War I then prevented the club from meeting its increased demands for the 1914/15 season. The games took place again in front of significantly fewer spectators and within the very large squad, Chapman was unable to find his "first team". Leeds City lost six of their last eight games and only finished the game in 15th place.

When league football was suspended due to the fighting, Leeds City played in some regional competitions. Many players had left the club because they either took part in the war or had difficulties with the new upper salary limit that had now been introduced. The club therefore acted with changing "guest players". Chapman also decided to support the war activities and in 1916 took a managerial position in an ammunition factory in Barnbow , which was located in Cross Gates - east of Leeds. Chapman's assistant coach George Cripps oversaw the Leeds City team for three years , while club chairman Joseph Connor officially took over management with another functionary.

After the end of the war and the resumption of play in the 1919-20 season, it was revealed that Leeds City had been involved in a number of financial inconsistencies, with illegal payments being made to guest players, particularly during the war. As a result, Leeds City was completely excluded from the Football League Association in October 1919. This in turn resulted in the club's dissolution before the end of the year and five officials - including Herbert Chapman - received a lifelong ban from playing football. The club's players were auctioned off and the Elland Road venue was transferred to the newly formed club Leeds United .

Huddersfield Town

Chapman then moved to Selby , where he ran an oil and coke factory for a short time. In the Christmas season of 1920 he was released there. Immediately later, the first division club Huddersfield Town offered him the job of cotrainer at the side of Ambrose Langley , who in turn had been an old companion of his brother Harry. Chapman also received important backing from Huddersfield in the ongoing appeal process regarding his disqualification from playing football, stressing that Chapman was not in a position of responsibility at the time of the illegal payments. The ban was finally lifted and on February 1, 1921, Chapman began working alongside Langley.

Just a month later, Chapman was promoted to coaching. With renewed enthusiasm, he signed new players, including England international Clem Stephenson from Aston Villa , who would eventually become the captain of Chapman's team, and the hitherto unknown 18-year-old George Brown , who then became the best goalscorer in Huddersfield Town's history . The successes were not long in coming and in the first full coaching season 1921/22 , Chapman won the first major trophy for Huddersfield Town with the FA Cup - in the 1922 final Preston North End had been defeated 1-0 at Stamford Bridge . Since the team in the league was still in a relegation battle and only finished 14th in the end, Chapman continued his policy of strengthening the squad.

As with his coaching stations before, Chapman relied tactically on a strengthened defense and a fast counter game in connection with a short passing game and wing runs over the outside positions. In addition, he expanded his sphere of activity to include the reserve teams, thus ensuring that they trained in the same game direction and thus could quickly fill gaps in the first team in an emergency. In order to have the right players for his system, he also installed an extensive scouting system . The lush budget from the cup success of the previous season also helped with further signings; among them were goalkeeper Ted Taylor and striker Charlie Wilson , who was later joined by George Cook .

With these new players and Chapman's effective system, Huddersfield Town climbed to third place in the 1922/23 season and won the first English league title in club history in 1924 . The decision was very close, as with Cardiff City the second-placed team could only be distanced due to a goal quotient better by a factor of 0.024 . Although George Brown's 3-0 win against Nottingham Forest on the final day of the game turned out to be decisive, the championship title was mainly due to the strengthened defense.

After winning the title, Chapman held on to his team to a large extent and only brought in Joey Williams a right winger . The team defended the title in the 1924/25 season , after a good start to the season, the form had initially waned in October and November. Mainly because of the injury to goalkeeper Ted Taylor, the team had now only finished ninth. When Taylor was replaced by new signing Billy Mercer , the team fought their way back to the top of the table after a 5-0 win against Arsenal FC in February 1924 and were two points ahead of runner-up West Bromwich Albion in the end . As evidence of the once again good defensive performance was the fact that a championship team had for the first time managed to concede a maximum of two goals per game during the entire season.

Arsenal FC

Herbert Chapman's successes were recognized by this bronze bust, which is located in the interior of the Emirates Stadium .

At the end of the 1924/25 season, Chapman had already made preparations for the way to the third league title (such a series had not yet existed in English football at the time), as Sir Henry Norris as chairman of Arsenal FC after the dismissal of coach Leslie Knighton placed an ad in Athletic News that read:

“Arsenal Football Club is accepting applications for the position of team manager. He must be experienced and meet the highest qualifications in terms of his abilities and personal character. Dominions, in which the ability to build a good team of players with strong and exorbitant [sic] limited transfer fees need not to apply. "

- Sir Henry Norris : Athletic News

Although Arsenal had been in a relegation battle in the past two seasons and the chairman had ordered the club to cut costs, successful coach Chapman moved to London. There, with a salary of 2,000 pounds, he received twice as much as in Huddersfield and also saw a significantly higher audience participation. Chapman's first major hiring decision at Arsenal was the signing of 34-year-old England international Charlie Buchan , who had become a legend at Sunderland as a record scorer and now became Chapman's right-hand man on and off the pitch as captain.

Illustration of a game situation that was no longer sideline after the rule change in June 1925.

A fundamental rule change in June 1925, in which the offside regulations were modified, should also prove to be important for the developments that followed. Thereafter, the maximum number of opposing players who had to stand behind the forward placed striker at the moment of the passing game for the attacking team had been reduced from three to two (including the goalkeeper). Buchan came up with the idea of ​​pulling the “Center Half”, which covered large parts of the pitch in the central midfield, back into the defensive line as a “stopper”. The slightly lagging strikers in the offensive half positions (the two “inside forwards” or the “inside left” and the “inside right” player) should withdraw a little in the plan to support the midfield. Thus the new World Cup system (3-4-3) was born from the 2-3-5 system , which is formed from the letters W and M, which can be seen when the tactical formation is visualized on a field board. In practice, the new central defensive player had a special responsibility on the offside issue, as the two defenders were responsible for covering the wings.

A representation of the World Cup system implemented by Chapman at Arsenal FC .

Arsenal FC weren't the only team that came to the conclusion that they were pulling the central midfielder back on the defensive. Among other things, Newcastle United defeated Arsenal in the 1925/26 season 7-0 and acted with a Charlie Spencer in the central defensive position; and the FC Queen's Park and Tottenham Hotspur had already developed similar playing styles. However, Chapman managed to refine this idea much better, because he combined this tactical change with his idea of ​​counter-football, fast wingers and a secure defensive. Chapman later summarized that "the right time to score shortly after defending an attack" was because the opponent would then be "scattered in the wrong half of the game". Arsenal FC won the runner-up under Chapman, just behind Huddersfield Town, making it the first English club to complete the championship trick. This placement near the top of the table, however, should be the last in the 1920s and then Arsenal always found themselves in the midfield of the league. Chapman took his time, however, to develop precisely the players for his system that would help his five-year plan to succeed. In February 1926 he signed the fast winger Joe Hulme , who was followed by defender Tom Parker in the summer of the same year , who in turn would later succeed Buchan as captain. Despite inconsistent performance in the championship, Arsenal reached the FA Cup final in 1927, but lost 1-0 to Cardiff City after a goalkeeping error by Dan Lewis .

In the same year, Arsenal FC suffered a scandal when it became known that Charlie Buchan had collected sums of money “on the hand” as part of his transfer. The penalties were limited to Sir Henry Norris, who was banned from football for life. Chapman, however, remained unmolested and was even able to expand his position of power in the club significantly, as Norris was inherited by Samuel Hill-Wood and this assured his coach extensive powers. Chapman was now in control of all business areas and continued to build teams. A major player purchase was David Jack in 1928 , followed a year later by Alex James and Cliff Bastin . With Herbie Roberts and Eddie Hapgood, Chapman also strengthened his line of defense on the "Center-Half" and the left defensive position. Chapman's five-year plan, announced in 1925, ultimately led to success when he won the FA Cup with Arsenal in 1930. He defeated his old club Huddersfield Town 2-0. In the league, the team was only 14th in the same season, but the cup win was ultimately the initial spark for the successes that followed in the 1930s with five championship titles.

The formation of the game system was now complete and especially the long balls in counter-football against the fast winger Bastin and Hulme, which pulled in and quickly came to the end of the goal, were emblematic of Chapman's style of play. Led by the center forward Jack Lambert , in addition to David Jack , Alex James in the attacking midfield was the central interface and decisive driving force for future successes. With the exception of James, there was little room for individuality and creativity in this system, as the players served as individual parts within a quick passing game. The two midfielders in front of the defense line made up of Bob John and Charlie Jones were very important because on the one hand they “carried the fast development game” in the central midfield and on the other hand they participated in the defensive behavior. If the opponent had possession of the ball, the defense could fall back into their own penalty area in an emergency, allowing the opponent to have extensive possession of the ball in the Arsenal half of the game up to the 16-meter space. The defense of Arsenal FC, which was massed there, switched from defense to attack, with the ball win mostly going to Herbie Roberts, who then "distributed" the play equipment to the players who were pouring out. Because the two outside runners in midfield also pushed forward to provide cover for the wingers, up to seven players took part in such attack-like offensive actions. Not only did the Chapman System require its players to be in good physical condition, it also had to be players who agreed to perform their duties in a disciplined manner as instructed. A player had to meet these criteria even before an obligation and the extensive scouting system was supposed to protect against a "wrong choice" in advance. Although Chapman worked most effectively with his system, his approach was in marked contrast to how the game of football was traditionally understood in England. Since English football has always been about possession and control of the ball, representatives of this philosophy - mostly commentators and opponents - reacted skeptically to Chapman's counter-strategy. Allegations of a "happy" or "boring" arsenal were raised. Despite this negative assessment in public opinion, Arsenal FC won the English championship for the first time in the 1930/31 season. The 127 league goals mean to this day a club record for the number of hits in the top English division.

After Arsenal had won the FA Cup and the championship separately in the previous two seasons, the club was well on its way to the first " double " from both competitions in the 20th century in the 1931/32 season . Both titles were ultimately withheld from the club, as only the runner-up was won in the league behind Everton and the FA Cup final was lost to Newcastle United in 1932 under unfortunate circumstances . Above all, the equalizer of the "Magpies" caused displeasure, as the ball had clearly exceeded the goal line.

However, Chapman was not deterred by these minor setbacks shortly before the home stretch and he led Arsenal FC to another league title in the 1932/33 season. However, this season also represented one of the most spectacular defeats in the club's history. For the third round of the FA Cup, Arsenal were drawn from third division FC Walsall and as the current leaders and finalists of the previous year, the Londoners were the clear favorites. Due to the flu, Chapman had to do without five regular players and the team caused one of the biggest FA Cup surprises in the history of this cup competition with the 2-0 defeat. The result angered Chapman so much that he immediately sold Tom Black to Plymouth Argyle . Black had caused a penalty in the game by assault . Just a week later, Charlie Walsh was sold to Brentford FC . Despite this disappointment in the cup, Arsenal recorded 118 goals this season, a level of accuracy similar to that of the 1930/31 season. The 5-0 win against co-favorites Aston Villa , which also decided the championship, was particularly important. Another personal highlight in Chapman's career was his brief support for the English national team in May 1933 when he served as the first professional English national coach during the summer tour of Europe. In the case of player nominations, he was not involved in the selection process of the FA committee, but he was able to set the tactics in the games himself and give instructions before the start of the game. In the two games as "national coach" he led the English selection on May 13, 1933 in Rome against Italy to a 1-1 draw and a week later his team defeated the Swiss team 4-0.

Since his successful Arsenal team had already aged significantly and the FA Cup defeat against Walsall had shown that the substitutes were only conditionally suitable for the first team, Chapman wrote to his club director George Allison that a further renovation was necessary. With the engagements of Ray Bowden , Pat Beasley and Jimmy Dunne , Chapman began a "second generation" of Arsenal players. To do this, he put the young George Male from the left half to the right defensive position. However, Chapman did not fully experience the success of these measures. Arsenal FC showed consistently good performances at the beginning of the 1933/34 season and, after a goalless draw against Birmingham FC on December 30, 1933, took the lead with four points behind the runner-up. That game would be the last Chapman was in the dugout at Arsenal FC.

death

Chapman's grave in the graveyard of St. Mary Parish Church in Hendon

Chapman had spent New Years Day 1934 in London before he traveled north to see Arsenal FC's next opponent on January 2, 1934, Sheffield Wednesday . On his return to London, Chapman had a bad cold and, contrary to his doctor's recommendation, he watched a game of the third Arsenal team against Guildford City in the rain. The cold quickly turned into pneumonia , which Chapman quickly succumbed to. In the early hours of January 6, 1934, Chapman died in his Hendon home . Just four more days later, the funeral was held at St. Mary Parish Church in Hendon.

The legacy"

Chapman was one of the first football coaches (in British football one speaks of a "football manager") of the modern character, who independently made the selection of players and was no longer only prescribed by his club. In addition to the tactical innovations, the physical aspect of his actors was extremely important to him. To do this, he introduced rigorous training and employed physiotherapists and masseurs . He encouraged the players to openly discuss tactics and called a weekly meeting at the club. He also reassured her to take up sporting activities outside of the training plan, such as golf .

In contrast to the otherwise negative attitude of many contemporaries in British football, Chapman was also a fan of football on the European continent. He counted especially Hugo Meisl and Jimmy Hogan among his friends, who had made a name for themselves as coaches of the Austrian “ wonder team ” at the beginning of the 1930s. More than 20 years before the official introduction of the European Cup, Chapman was in favor of Europe-wide tournaments and regularly went abroad with his teams to play friendly matches there. Chapman was one of the first coaches to consider transferring black and foreign players. The transfer of Walter Daniel Tull to Northampton Town was in 1911 one of the first obligations of a black player. After the intended purchase of the Austrian goalkeeper Rudolf Hiden was refused in 1930 after protests by the game association and the Football League Association by the Ministry of Labor, Gerrit Keizer was also the first Dutchman to make his way to Arsenal in the same year - albeit as an amateur - find.

After attending an evening game in Belgium, Chapman became an advocate for the introduction of floodlights. This was then quickly installed in the west stand of the Highbury Stadium. However, it was only switched on in training games, because the permission for the use of artificial light in official competitions did not follow until the 1950s. Chapman was largely behind the renovation work in Highbury at the beginning of the 1930s, including the construction of the east and west stands and the installation of the large clock in the south of the stadium ("Clock End"). His influence was so far-reaching that he was even allegedly behind the renaming of the London Underground station “Gillespie Road” to “ Arsenal ”. He was also responsible for the design of the scoreboard and the turnstiles in the access area to Highbury Stadium.

Chapman advocated the use of white footballs so that the spectators could better follow the game even in adverse weather conditions, and the use of numbered jerseys - primarily as an orientation for their own players, in order to "locate" the respective teammate more quickly on the rehearsed plays. He later stood behind a new Arsenal FC shirt design that is still in use today. The sleeves of the previously pure red shirts are now white; In addition, the red color was lightened a little before the game against Liverpool on March 4, 1933. At the FA Cup final in 1930 between Arsenal FC and Huddersfield Town, at Chapman's suggestion, the tradition began that both teams enter the field together before the start of the game.

Achievements and honors

As a player, Chapman won no major titles. This changed in his coaching activities and at the age of only 31 he won his first trophy with Northampton Town in the Southern League. This was followed by four English championships (1924 and 1925 with Huddersfield Town and 1931 and 1933 with Arsenal) and two FA Cup editions (1923 with Huddersfield Town and 1930 with Arsenal). After his death, he had left an Arsenal team that led his successors Joe Shaw and George Allison to the “title hat trick” with two further championship titles in 1934 and 1935 (this feat was only to be accomplished by Liverpool between 1982 and 1984 again ). Like Jimmy Hogan, Chapman warned early on that English football would be overtaken if progress in continental European football was continued to be ignored.

In 2003 the English Football Hall of Fame accepted Herbert Chapman into the Hall of Fame in recognition of his coaching achievements. In March 2005, a commemorative public plaque (" Blue Plaque ") was placed on his former home in Hendon (6 Haslemere Avenue), where he lived from 1926 until his death . He was the first football player or coach to receive this honor. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of his death, the Sunday Times newspaper named him "Greatest British coach of all time" according to a poll.

For his services to Arsenal, the sculptor Jacob Epstein created a bronze-colored sculpture of Chapman, which was exhibited in the marble halls of the East Stand until the Highbury was demolished in 2006. It can currently be found in the new Emirates Stadium in the megastore "The Armory". He is one of only two Arsenal coaches who have been honored with such a bust; the other is former coach Arsène Wenger . Arsenal FC commissioned a replica of the Chapman bust in 2008 to mark the 100th anniversary of Huddersfield Town. For the 2007/08 season , the Arsenal club management decided to let the team compete in white away jerseys and in this way to commemorate Chapman's successes.

literature

  • Herbert Chapman: Herbert Chapman on Football . Robert Blatchford, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9552399-0-8 (first edition: 1934).
  • Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . Heroes Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-9543884-5-3 .
  • Stephen Studd: Herbert Chapman, Football Emperor . 1998, ISBN 0-285-63416-X .
  • Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling (Hrsg.): Strategists of the game . Die Werkstatt, 2005, ISBN 3-89533-475-8 , p. 76-83 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d "Herbert Chapman 1878–1934" (Chris Hobbs)
  2. ↑ a b "Herbert Chapman" (Kiveton Park)
  3. ↑ a b c "The Chapman Family" (Kiveton Park History)
  4. ↑ Source: Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . Heroes Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-9543884-5-3 .
  5. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 46 .
  6. ^ "Grimsby Town" (Football Club History Database)
  7. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 48 .
  8. ↑ "Herbert Chapman" (Swindon-Town-FC.co.uk)
  9. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 50 .
  10. ↑ a b c "England - Southern League Final Tables" (RSSSF)
  11. ↑ a b Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 51 .
  12. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 52 .
  13. ^ Frank Grande: Northampton Town FC: The Official Centenary History . Yore Publications, Harefield 1997, ISBN 1-874427-67-4 , pp. 165 .
  14. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 55 .
  15. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 60 .
  16. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 62-63 .
  17. ^ "Herbert Chapman" (Spartacus International)
  18. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 65 .
  19. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 67 .
  20. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 70 .
  21. ^ "History of Northampton Town Football Club" ( Memento of March 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Northampton Town FC)
  22. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 72-73 .
  23. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 75 .
  24. ^ "England - List of FA Charity / Community Shield Matches" (RSSSF)
  25. ^ "Northampton Town" (Football Club History Database)
  26. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 83 .
  27. ↑ a b Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 84 .
  28. ↑ a b c "Herbert Chapman (1912-19)" (mightyleeds.co.uk)
  29. ↑ 1912-1913 ( Memento of February 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Football Club History Database)
  30. ↑ a b c "Herbert Chapman (1912-19)" (Leeds United Managers)
  31. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 92-93 .
  32. ↑ a b c d e "History of the Club - the Leeds City Scandal" (mightyleeds.co.uk)
  33. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 97-98 .
  34. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 104-105 .
  35. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 111 .
  36. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 114 .
  37. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 113 .
  38. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 115 .
  39. ^ "Club History" ( Memento of October 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Huddersfield Town Online)
  40. ↑ a b "Huddersfield Town" (Football Club History Database)
  41. ↑ a b Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 135 .
  42. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 122 .
  43. ^ "The Roaring Twenties" ( Memento of March 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Cardiff City Online)
  44. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 129 .
  45. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 131 .
  46. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 133 .
  47. ↑ a b Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 134 .
  48. ^ "England 1924-25" (RSSSF)
  49. ↑ a b c d e f "Herbert Chapman: Football Revolutionary?" (The Sports Historian, pages 81–98, PDF; 56 kB)
  50. ↑ Original text: "Arsenal Football Club is open to receive applications for the position of TEAM MANAGER. He must be experienced and possess the highest qualifications for the post, both as to ability and personal character. Gentlemen whose sole ability to build up a good side depends on the payment of heavy and exhorbitant [sic] transfer fees need not apply. "
  51. ^ Simon Page: Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager . 2006, p. 139 .
  52. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . Hamlyn, 2005, ISBN 0-600-61344-5 , pp. 45 .
  53. ↑ a b c d Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 46-47 .
  54. ^ "England 1925/26" (RSSSF)
  55. ^ A b "Wolves: The only team to have won it all" (Guardian Unlimited)
  56. ↑ Classic Cup Finals: 1927 ( Memento from February 23, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (TheFA.com)
  57. ^ Jon Spurling, Rebels For The Cause: The Alternative History of Arsenal Football Club . Mainstream, 2004, ISBN 0-575-40015-3 , pp. 46 .
  58. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 66 .
  59. ↑ "Free-scoring Gunners clinch first title" ( Memento from October 23, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
  60. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 57 .
  61. ^ "FA Cup Final 1932" ( Memento from March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (FA Cup History)
  62. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 63 .
  63. ↑ "Third Round upsets" (TheFA.com)
  64. ↑ a b c d Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 64 .
  65. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 60 .
  66. ↑ a b "England's Coaches / Managers in Chronological Order" (England Football Online)
  67. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 74 .
  68. ↑ Phil Soar & Martin Tyler: The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal . 2005, p. 59 .
  69. ↑ Founders of modern world football: Herbert Chapman, Hugo Meisl and Jimmy Hogan (from left); London 1933
  70. ^ "Walter Tull" (Spartacus Educational)
  71. ^ A b "Home and away: how Arsenal's imports have changed the game" (The Independent)
  72. ↑ a b c d "Chapman's Innovations" ( Memento from May 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
  73. ^ "Local tube station changes to 'Arsenal'" ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
  74. ^ "Arsenal Kit Design" ( Memento from October 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
  75. ^ How total football inventor was lost to Hungary . In: The Guardian , November 22, 2003. Retrieved September 12, 2010. 
  76. ^ "2003 Inductees" ( Memento from November 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English Football Hall of Fame)
  77. ^ "Blue plaque for Arsenal legend, Herbert Chapman" (English Heritage)
  78. ↑ "Revealed: a ruthless, pioneering genius who ranks as the best British manager ever" (Times Online)
  79. ↑ a b "Arsenal commission bust of Arsène Wenger" ( Memento of November 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
  80. ^ "Game with Gunners for Centenary Showpiece" ( Memento from June 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Huddersfield Town Online)
  81. ^ "New Arsenal Away Kit for Herbert Chapman" ( Memento from January 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Arsenal.com)
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 31, 2008 .
personal data
SURNAME Chapman, Herbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English soccer player and coach
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiveton Park, Rotherham
DATE OF DEATH January 6, 1934
Place of death Hendon