Herman van Roijen
Jan Herman van Roijen (born April 10, 1905 in Constantinople , Ottoman Empire , † March 16, 1991 in Wassenaar , province of Zuid-Holland ) was a Dutch diplomat and non-party politician who succeeded Eelco van Kleffens in the cabinet of Prime Minister Willem Schermerhorn from March to July 1946 held the office of foreign minister . In 1949, together with Mohamad Roem, he led the negotiations which, in the Van Roijen-Roem Declaration , promised to end the conflict in the Dutch East Indies . He was then ambassador to Canada , the USA and, in 1962, also dealt with the diplomatic solution to the conflict over Dutch New Guinea . Most recently he was Ambassador to the United Kingdom between 1964 and 1970 .
Life
Family, studies and diplomatic training
Van Roijen came from a family of politicians and diplomats. His father Jan Herman van Roijen was Counselor at the Legation in the Ottoman Empire in 1905, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan from 1908 to 1927 , in Italy in 1927 and most recently Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States between 1927 and 1933. His great-grandfather Isaäc Antoni van Roijen was a member of the Second and First Chambers of the States General and between 1853 and 1867 the King's commissioner in the province of Groningen . His great-uncle Berend van Roijen was also a member of the First Chamber of the States General for several years, as was his uncle Isaäc Antoni van Roijen .
He himself obtained his education from private teachers in Tokyo , Madrid and Rome , where his father worked as a diplomat, and most recently from 1922 to 1923 at the Second Municipal High School in The Hague . He then began in September 1923 to study law in the Netherlands at the University of Utrecht , which he completed on November 9, 1927. Then he began his first training in the diplomatic service, which he finished in 1930 with the Attaché exam. In the meantime, on April 26, 1929, he obtained his doctorate in law at the University of Utrecht with the dissertation De Rechtsspositie en de volkenrechtelijke recognized van nieuwe staten en defacto-regeeringen , in which he dealt with the legal position and international law recognition of newly established states and De facto governments concerned. In 1930 he began his second training in the diplomatic service, which he completed in 1933 with the secretary exam.
Diplomatic career, World War II and end of the war
During this time, between January 25, 1930 and 1932, van Roijen was embassy attaché at the embassy in the USA and thus an employee of his father, who was the ambassador there. After his return to the Netherlands, he worked in the Department of Diplomatic Affairs in the Foreign Ministry from January 26, 1933 to 1936, and first-class legation secretary at the Japanese embassy between February 26, 1937 and August 1939, before moving from August 1839 to Dismissed while he was head of the Department for Diplomatic Affairs in the Foreign Ministry by the German occupying forces in 1941.
On December 13, 1934, van Roijen married Jonkvrouw Anne Snouck Hurgronje in The Hague, a daughter of the diplomat and long-time Secretary General of the Foreign Ministry Jonkheer Aarnout Marinus Snouck Hurgronje. This marriage resulted in two sons and two daughters.
He was arrested for the first time in November 1940 for illegal activities while he was on the job and was held for the first time until February 1941. In 1941 he was briefly detained for the second time before being detained again between January and March 1944. In April 1945 he became a diplomat in London and worked there until June 24, 1945 as a liaison to the college of shop stewards (College van Vertrouwensmannen) , which was formed by the government in exile in August 1944, to choose between returning to the Netherlands and forming a first one Post-war government to act as a transitional parliament. He was also a member of the Dutch delegation to the San Francisco Conference, which took place from April 25, 1945 to June 26, 1945 , at which the United Nations Charter was drawn up.
Foreign Minister and Ambassador
On June 25, 1945 van Roijen was appointed by Prime Minister Willem Schermerhorn to the Schermerhorn / Drees cabinet, the first Dutch government after the end of the Second World War. At first he acted between June 25, 1945 and March 1, 1946 as Minister without Portfolio and as such was attached to the Foreign Minister. In this function, he was not only entrusted with the establishment and reorientation of the Foreign Ministry, but was also temporarily acting Foreign Minister.
As the successor to Eelco van Kleffens, he became Foreign Minister on March 1, 1946 (Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken) and held this ministerial office until July 3, 1946. After leaving the government, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Dutch on September 17, 1946 Lions awarded.
Van Roijen took on the role of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Canada on April 2, 1947, and held this position until September 1950. In 1949, together with Mohamad Roem, he led the negotiations, which in the Van Roijen-Roem Declaration ended the conflict in Dutch India promised. For his services there he was also commander of the Order of the Dutch Lions on April 29, 1949 .
He was then appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States on June 27, 1950, and served in that position for 14 years between September 1950 and March 1964. In 1962 he was also concerned with the diplomatic solution to the conflict over Dutch New Guinea.
Most recently he was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Great Britain from March 1964 to May 1970 and was accredited as such as Ambassador to Iceland . For his diplomatic services, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau on April 29, 1969 .
Van Rooijen, an honorary doctorate from the City University of New York , Yale University and Hofstra University , received the Four Freedoms Award in 1982 and the Carnegie Wateler Vredesprijs in 1984.
Publications
- The legal position en de national law recognizing van nieuwe staten en defacto-regeeringen. Dissertation, 1929.
Background literature
- Rimko van der Maar, Hans Meijer: Herman van Roijen (1905–1991). A diplomaat van class. 2013, ISBN 978-9-461-05514-9 .
Web links
Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp | Anne Willem Carel van Nagell van Ampsen | Johann Gotthard Reinhold | Willem Frederik van Reede | Patrice Claude Ghislain de Coninck | Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen | Hugo van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Jan Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke | Willem Anne Schimmelpenninck van der Oye | James Albert Henry de la Sarraz | Lodewijk Napoleon van Randwijck | Gerrit Schimmelpenninck | Arnold Adolf Bentinck van Nijenhuis | Leonardus Antonius Lightenvelt | Herman van Sonsbeeck | Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Floris Adriaan van Hall | Daniël Théodore Gevers van Endegeest | Jan Karel van Goltstein | Floris Adriaan van Hall | Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Louis Napoleon van der Goes van Dirxland | Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Martin Pascal Hubert Strens | Anthony Jan Lucas Stratenus | Paul Therèse van der Maesen de Sombreff | Willem Johan Cornelis Huyssen van Kattendijke | Eppo Cremers | Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt | Joannes Josephus van Mulken | Theodorus Marinus Roest van Limburg | Joannes Josephus van Mulken | Louis Gericke van Herwijnen | Joseph van der Does de Willebois | Willem van Heeckeren van Kell | Constantijn Theodoor van Lynden van Sandenburg | Willem Frederik Rochussen | Joseph van der Does de Willebois | Marc Willem du Tour van Bellinchave | Abraham Pieter Cornelis van Karnebeek | Cornelis Hartsen | Gijsbert van Tienhoven | Joannes Coenraad Jansen | Joan Röell | Willem Hendrik de Beaufort | Robert Melvil van Lynden | Abraham George Ellis | Willem Marcus van Weede van Berencamp | Abraham George Ellis | Dirk Arnold Willem van Tets van Goudriaan | René de Marees van Swinderen | Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan Cort van der Linden | John Loudon | Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek | Frans Beelaerts van Blokland | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck | Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff | Hendrikus Colijn | Jacob Adriaan Nicolaas Patijn | Eelco van Kleffens | Herman van Roijen | Pim van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout | Dirk Stikker | Johan Willem Beijen | Joseph Luns | Norbert Schmelzer | Max van der Stoel | Chris van der Klaauw | Max van der Stoel | Dries van Agt | Hans van den Broek | Pieter Kooijmans | Hans van Mierlo | Jozias van Aartsen | Jaap de Hoop Scheffer | Ben Bot | Maxime Verhagen | Uri Rosenthal | Frans Timmermans | Bert Koenders | Half Zijlstra | Stef Blok
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Roijen, Herman van |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Roijen, Jan Herman van (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch politician and diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 10, 1905 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Constantinople , Ottoman Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 16, 1991 |
| Place of death | Wassenaar , 'Province of Zuid-Holland |