Hermann Kaulbach

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Hermann Kaulbach
supplement to the Darmstädter Tagblatt, No. 11/1889
Hermann von Kaulbach: Mozart's Last Days, 1878 Städtische Galerie, Vienna
Drawing child with pot

Hermann Kaulbach (born July 26, 1846 in Munich ; † December 9, 1909 there ) was a German painter from the Munich School .

Life

In contrast to his father Wilhelm von Kaulbach (Bavarian staff aristocracy 1866) and his cousin August von Kaulbach (Bavarian staff aristocracy 1884), Hermann Kaulbach was not entitled to the title of nobility, the two of whom were not as outstanding artists for their services, but rather as directors of the Munich company Art Academy had been awarded. After the sisters Johanna and Marie as the third child of the married couple Wilhelm and Josephine Kaulbach, née Sutner, born, followed by the younger sister Josefa, Hermann grew up in the 1844 of the widow of the battle painter Dietrich Monten, who died in Munich, in the Oberen Gartenstrasse (today Kaulbachstrasse 15) acquired a villa, which included a large garden, an additional garden house and another house for overnight guests in the neighborhood.

Hermann first attended the elementary school of the cathedral parish (women's school). However, the siblings were also looked after by a tutor, the poet Friedrich Wilhelm Güll . Years later, Hermann Kaulbach illustrated a selection from the “Children's Home”, the stories for children of his former teacher; the “Kaulbach-Güll Children's Book” was published - as one of the artist's last works - in 1910 in Munich. In Hermann's early youth, a decidedly poetic talent was noticeable. His poems were written down and the father illustrated them.

In the school year 1857/58 Hermann entered the 1st Latin class of the Maximiliansgymnasium in Karmelitengasse; Due to poor performance, his parents canceled him on February 15, 1859 before the end of the school year and sent him to the "Bender Educational Institute" of the brothers Karl and Heinrich Bender in Weinheim an der Bergstrasse , where he attended Latin school for another two and a half years. In the fall of 1861, the now 15-year-old transferred to the grammar school in Nuremberg and lived in the house of his brother-in-law, the director of the Nuremberg School of Applied Arts, August von Kreling . During his time at high school in Nuremberg, Hermann began to draw and also to deal with painting, undoubtedly inspired by Kreling and the artistic atmosphere in his house. After graduating from high school in Nuremberg in 1865, Hermann Kaulbach initially followed his parents' wishes and began studying medicine at Munich University , but also attended lectures in physics with Philipp von Jolly and chemistry with Justus von Liebig . Just two years later he moved to the Munich Art Academy and, after briefly studying in the Classics of Classics, was accepted into Carl Theodor von Piloty's composition class on October 31, 1868 .

In 1869 he sold his first painting, Still Life with Books , at the Munich Art Association - the buyer, however, was his own father. A history painting by Ludwig XI, also made in 1869 . in prison at Peronne with his barber and minister Olivier le Daim , thematically and artistically understood entirely in the spirit of the teacher, was exhibited in 1870 in the "Exhibition of the Piloty School in favor of the wounded" (of the Franco-German war) in Munich. Participation in the “Exhibition of Original Works by German Artists” in Munich in 1871 resulted in further artistic and, above all, financial successes. On June 3, 1871, she married Sofie Schroll (1850–1920), who was four years younger than him. Around 1880 Hermann Kaulbach purchased a piece of land in Schliersee, where he spent the summer months in their own country house "Luginsland" with his wife and children Robert, Dorothea and Sophie, called Beppina (she married General Otto von Stetten) .

Hermann Kaulbach was represented with two paintings at the art exhibition of the Vienna World Exhibition of 1873 . One of them was the composition Hansel und Gretel bei der Hexe, based on the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm , from the previous year . The picture was acquired by the Riga merchant and member of the Blackheads Association , James Armitstead, who gave it to the Riga City Museum in 1880 . Today it is in the collection of the Riga Museum of Foreign Art, founded in 1920 . The second was the large-format picture From Mozart's Last Days , which was finished shortly before the exhibition and showed the dying composer performing his Requiem . The painter was awarded a medal for this painting, which became very popular due to its reproduction as a wood engraving. Purchased by the Museum of the City of Vienna in 1874, it is still in the collection of the institution now known as the “ Wien Museum ”. Other compositions of this kind were [Johann] Sebastian Bach playing the organ in front of Frederick the Great and his court , exhibited in the Munich Glass Palace in 1876, the painting Lucretia Borgia dancing in front of her father (1882) and the coronation of the body of St. .Elisabeth from 1886. The former was acquired by a collector from Mülheim an der Ruhr , the latter was in the Wiesbaden Art Museum . The Lucretia was purchased for the Hamburger Kunsthalle , which loaned the painting to the estate exhibition in 1910. “The picture (Hamburg 1882), carefully staged with an unusual amount of portraits, costumes and cultural-historical studies, of her father Alexander , her incomprehensible [sic!] Brother Cesare Borgia , in the presence of the emperor Charles V at all Italian courts and in the entourage . In Germany, too, the muskrat-smelling brother of the Turkish Sultan Bajazet , the so-called ›Kaiser Zosimus‹ (also Gem, Dschem, Zizim ) and the whole papal court dancing ‹Lucrezia Borgia›, kept himself in the context of a masterfully composed novella, while the (1886 , located in Wiesbaden) ›Coronation of the corpse of the wondrous Thuringian Landgravine Elisabet, who died in 1231, by Emperor Friedrich II. in Marburg ‹ breathed the delicate minor tone of an elegiac poem. “In Munich the picture was shown shortly after its completion in the Odeon , then in the same year in the exhibition of the Association of Berlin Artists . The scene sparked a heated, controversial discussion there; another exhibition of the picture the following year in Württemberg was banned by the authorities there.

A separate area within Kaulbach's work form the as a master in grisaille paintings executed -Painting to works of Goethe ( Goethe and Friederike in Sesenheim , Werther and Lotte , Gretchen in the church ) to Gustav Fridays novel "The Tree" ( Realty and Hildegard , Anna Fabricius in the circle of the Landknechtskinder , Friderun as Queen of Heaven , Friderun and Ida ) and the twelve scenes from operas by Ludwig van Beethoven , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Giuseppe Verdi , Karl Maria von Weber , Richard Wagner and others. However, he became extremely popular with his fairy tale, children's, monk and fool scenes created in the 1880s and 1890s. They include: The Pied Piper of Hameln (Museum Hameln), children, fascinated by fire , 1894, rogue pranks (letter writer), foolish pity, fool's joy (a fool clamped in the block is fed by a girl), fool, blowing on the clarinet , Sleeping Jester , 1887, or The Fool's Toothache . Kaulbach was represented with one of these pictures in the art exhibition of the world exhibition in Chicago in 1893 : With the original title Once upon a time it showed a fool who tells fairy tales to children - Kaulbach's own children are said to have served as models. Kaulbach's stays in Venice , in Rome in 1880 and 1891 and - especially after 1900 - in South Tyrol , were reflected in titles such as Interior from the Doge's Palace in Venice (1873), An der Via Appia in Rome (1880), the Franciscan monastery in Bozen (1874 ) and numerous small-format, mostly sketch-like pictures such as In a Tyrolean Backyard near Eppan (1907) or Tyrolean Farmer's Kitchen (1908). In addition to self-portraits and portraits of women and children, he also made portraits of well-known personalities, including that of the philosopher Voltaire , Count Aloys von Arco-Stepperg and his second wife, Pauline, née Oswald (1851–1802), the actor Felix Schweighofer (1895) and the botanist and Nile researcher Georg Schweinfurth (1895).

Hermann Kaulbach received numerous honors, including those of the Berlin Art Exhibition of 1886, the World Exhibition in Chicago in 1893 and the 1901 International Art Exhibition in Munich. In 1887 the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich elected him an honorary member; In 1889 he was appointed titular professor . He died on December 9, 1909 in Munich, only 61 years old, shortly after the death of his only son, Robert. His urn was buried in his father's grave in the Old Southern Cemetery.

In Bad Arolsen is the birthplace of his father. In addition to his father's works, his works can also be viewed in the Bad Arolsen Museum. Some of his letters and other correspondence is kept in the German Literature Archive in Marbach .

reception

Kaulbach's oil paintings were considered by the public, as well as by official art critics, as "... interesting design of historical material, which lies in the refined treatment of the secondary, while the main content emerges less meaningfully". But the painter was not without controversy: his picture of Lucrezia Borgia was flatly rejected by the critics as "... too lascivious" and his coronation of St. Elisabeth by Emperor Friedrich II. Von Hohenstaufen was dismissed as "costume painting".

Own writings

  • Old and new costumes , essay, in: Münchner Neue Nachrichten, January 8, 1910
  • The estate of Hermann Kaulbach in the Bavarian State Library in Munich contains poems Kaulbach from his childhood,

Diaries for the years 1867/68 and 1871–1874, letters from the boy Hermann to his mother and his teacher, letters from the mother Josephine Kaulbach to her son, and other family letters.

Publications

  • Hermann Kaulbach-Album (Text: A.Mayer-Bergwald), Weise, Stuttgart 1898
  • Kaulbach, Hermann and E. Förster: Schiller-Gallerie: Publishing House for Art and Science (formerly Bruckmann), around 1900
  • Hermann Kaulbach: picture book. With 45 pictures by Professor Hermann Kaulbach in Munich and a portrait of the artist (text by Adelheid Stier ), Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1st edition. 1906
  • Little people: A Kaulbach booklet: pictures by Hermann Kaulbach, verses by Klara Meister: Carl Hirsch, Konstanz / Kreuzlingen, around 1931

Contributions to:

  • Album of German poetry. CF Amelang, Leipzig 1883/1904
  • The most beautiful fairy tales and heroic legends of the past. Neff, Stuttgart 1884
  • New children's and household tales. Stuttgart 1892
  • Album for Germany's daughters. EF Amelang, Leipzig 1893
  • Philipp Graf zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld : Three fairy tales. Hanfstaengl, Munich 1898
  • Munich artist picture book for young and old. Verlag der Jugendblätter C. Schnell, Munich 1905
  • Through the world full of joy and youthfulness !. Carl Hirsch, Constance 1907
  • Gazebo picture book, Union, Stuttgart 1910

Works (selection)

  • Self-portrait : Chemnitz, Städtische Kunstsammlungen , Inv.Nr. 30th
  • Actor Felix Schweighofer ; 1895: Dresden, Galerie Neue Meister , inv. No. 2412A
  • Christmas tree with angels : Dresden, Galerie Neue Meister, inv. 89143
  • Shoemaker in the workshop : Gießen, Oberhessisches Museum
  • A young girl : Hamburg, Kunsthalle, inv. No. 2807
  • Lucrezia Borgia (1882): Hamburg, Kunsthalle, inv. No. 2328
  • The Pied Piper of Hameln : Museum Hameln , Inv.Nr. 054
  • Portrait of Anton Bruckner , 1885: Linz, Upper Austrian State Museum - Castle Museum, inv. Collection G 297
  • Franciscan monastery in Bozen , 1874: Munich, Neue Pinakothek .
  • At the friend's grave : Munich, Neue Pinakothek (according to Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Vol. 10, Leipzig 1907, pp. 780–782)
  • The actor Esslair as Wallenstein (d. I. Ferdinand Esslair ): Munich, Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus
  • Painting monk , 1873/74: Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum , inv.no. Gm 503; Fig .: Marburg Archive (online)
  • Children playing in a corner of the courtyard , around 1895; Chalk drawing: Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, inv.no. Hz 5880-606; Fig .: Marburg Archive (online)
  • Hansel and Gretel with the witch based on the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm: Riga Museum for Foreign Art
  • Girls : Museum of the City of Rosenheim, Inv.No. 198
  • Music-making monk with singing children , 1895/1900: Schweinfurt, Georg Schäfer Museum , inv. MGS 311
  • Death and Coronation of St Elizabeth , 1886: Wiesbaden, Kunstmuseum ; Fig. As a wood engraving in: Fr. Pecht 1888
  • Mozart's last days : Vienna, Vienna Museum
  • Portrait of Magda Duncklenberg , 1908: Wuppertal, Von der Heydt-Museum
  • Wehrstand maintains it , apprenticeship administers it , allegorical painting on the 3rd floor of the New Town Hall in Munich
  • Artist subjects; Community work, 1883; Munich, City Museum; Inv.no. 56/12 (Exhibition cat. "125 Years of the Bayerischer Kunstgewerbeverein", Munich, City Museum 1979, No. 611)
  • Artist subjects; Ball donation from the Munich artists for the "Dienstbotenball 1901", litogr. Print on cardboard (with G.Max, E.Grützner, WvDiez, FvUhde, J.Wopfner, K.Raupp, A.Braith, F.Defregger, HvHabermann, FvStuck; Munich, Stadtmuseum); Inv.no. 44/864/14 (exhibition cat. "125 Years of the Bayerischer Kunstgewerbeverein", Munich, Stadtmuseum 1979, No. 612, ill. P. 266)

Munich, Stadtmuseum (Joseph Maillinger: Picture Chronicle of the Royal Capital and Residence City of Munich: Directory of a collection of graphic arts products on the local, cultural and art history of the Bavarian capitals from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Munich, III (1876), No. 463, 2670, 2671, 2672; IV (1886): No. 2572, 3405): III.463: theater bill of the akad. Choral society: Massliebchen and Dieter, an operated fairy tale by Costa . Music by Heurung; ill. by Hermann Kaulbach 1868. Lith. Fol. III.2670: Portrait of a monk in profile to the left, inscribed: H. Kaulbach 1874. Class 4, pencil III. 2671: after Hermann K .: At the confessional , rad. by Wilh. Schmidt. Gr.Fol. III.2672: Hansel and Grethel , 1872; Woodcut by L. Ruff. Fol. IV.2572: The fight of the liberal dragon . Persiflage of the liberal election defeat on July 31, 1878 IV.3405: Seemanns Daheim . Collotype by Römmler & Jonas in print after an inked pencil drawing. Fol.

Exhibitions

literature

  • Carl Stieler: Hermann Kaulbach's opera cycle. Photographed from original oil paintings. Brack & Keller, Berlin (no year) [approx. 1880]. Book decorations and pen drawings by F. Kruse. The “cartons” painted by HK show scenes from Fidelio, The Barber of Seville, Little Red Riding Hood, The White Lady, The Huguenots, Allessandro Stradella, Rigoletto, Freischütz, Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Flying Dutchman and The Twilight of the Gods.
  • Friedrich Pecht : History of Munich painting. Munich 1888.
  • Friedrich von Boetticher : Painters works of the nineteenth century: Contribution to art history. Volume 1, part 2, Dresden 1891, p. 688 (reprint 1974).
  • Kaulbach, Herm . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 10, p. 258.
  • Intellectual Germany at the end of the 19th century. Encyclopedia of German intellectual life in biographical sketches. Volume 1: The visual artists. Leipzig / Berlin 1898.
  • Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Vol. 10, Leipzig 1907, pp. 780–782
  • Herrmann AL Degener (Ed.): Who is it ?, 4th edition, Leipzig 1909
  • Hyacinth Holland in: Biographisches Jahrbuch und Deutschen Nekrolog 1908/09. Munich 1910, p. 202.
  • Josefa Dürck-Kaulbach: Memories of Wilhelm von Kaulbach and his house. Delphin-Verlag, Munich 1918.
  • Kaulbach, Hermann . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 20 : Kaufmann – Knilling . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1927.
  • Bruckmann's Lexicon of Munich Art. Munich painter in the 19th century. Vol. 1 (1982), p. 283
  • Hans Ries, illustrations and illustrators 1871–1914. The range of images from the Wilhelminian era. History and aesthetics of the original and printing techniques. International lexicon of illustrators Bibliography of their work in German-language books and magazines, on picture sheets and blackboards. H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1992. ISBN 3-87898-329-8 .
  • Evelyn Lehmann, Elke Riemer: The Kaulbachs. A family of artists from Arolsen. Arolsen: Waldeck Historical Society 1978.
  • General artist dictionary : The visual artists of all times and peoples. KG Saur, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-598-22740-X , p. 144.
  • Gertrude Quast-Benesch: Anton Bruckner in Munich . Ed .: Anton Bruckner Institute Linz. H. Schneider, 2006, ISBN 3-7952-1194-8 , p. 196.
  • Volker Reinhardt : Alexander VI. Borgia. The creepy Pope. 2nd Edition. Beck, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-406-62694-4 , p. 209 (there also black and white photo)
  • Siegfried Weiß : Art career aspiration. Painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Former pupils of the Munich Maximiliansgymnasium from 1849 to 1918. Allitera Verlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-86906-475-8 , pp. 110–120 (7 figs.).

Web links

Commons : Hermann von Kaulbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ * 1834; married to August von Kreling , painter and since 1853 director of the School of Applied Arts in Nuremberg
  2. ↑ 1841-1912; married to W. von Völk, Ministerialrat in the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs in Munich and Deputy Secretary General Dr. Ludwig von Lutz
  3. ↑ * 9/11/1809; Citizen's daughter from Munich, Sendlingergasse; Marriage: June 22, 1833; the parents had a trimmings shop on Marienplatz
  4. ↑ * 1851; married to Dr. Karl Dürck, attorney and lawyer in Munich, son of the portrait painter Friedrich Dürck and Hermann's childhood friend
  5. ↑ It appeared in several editions and was sold over 135,000 times
  6. ↑ matriculation 1841-1884: 02484 Hermann Kaulbach, matrikel.adbk (online)
  7. ↑ She came from Nuremberg and was probably the daughter of the landscape draftsman and steel engraver Wilhelm Schroll, who worked in Nuremberg from around 1850 to around 1890. Hermann Kaulbach painted his portrait in 1875.
  8. ^ An appointment as "Professor of History Painting" at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich cannot be proven
  9. ^ Museum Bad Arolsen
  10. ^ Ingrid Kussmaul: The bequests and collections of the German Literature Archive Marbach . Directories, reports, information, Volume 23. Deutsche Schillergesellschaft, Marbach am Neckar 1999.
  11. ↑ Brigitte Heinzl: The painting collection of the art history department of the O.ö. State Museum in Linz. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 124th Volume, I. Treatises. Linz 1979, pp. 105 ff. And 130 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  12. ^ Brigitte Huber: The New Town Hall in Munich. Georg von Hauberisser (1841–1922) and his main work. City Archives Munich (ed.); o. location u. Vol., ISBN 3-937904-24-7 , p. 106
personal data
SURNAME Kaulbach, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kaulbach, Hermann von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH July 26, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1909
Place of death Munich