Herzogsschlösschen

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The Herzogsschlösschen in Landshut
The friendship stamp in the Herzogsgarten
Gate construction of the Herzogsgarten (front view)
Gate construction of the Herzogsgarten (rear view)

The Herzogsschlösschen (also Herzogschlösschen , Herzogschlössl or Wilhelmsruhe ) is a ducal summer residence in the Berg district of Landshut in Lower Bavaria . The castle is located in the park of the Herzogsgarten, which adjoins the Hofgarten, the castle park of Trausnitz Castle .

The Herzogsschlösschen and its park are registered as a monument with the number D-2-61-000-564 by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The gate construction of the enclosing wall was given the number D-2-61-000-223. The underground early modern findings in the area of ​​the area were included in the list of monuments as a ground monument with the number D-2-7438-0398 and are part of the architectural monuments in Landshut-Berg .

history

At the end of the 16th century, Duke Wilhelm V had the so-called "Königlgarten" built on the site, the wall of which still surrounds the Herzogsgarten today.

200 years later, Wilhelm von Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen , the last Duke who resided in Landshut from 1780 to 1800, commissioned the landscape gardener Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell to transform the garden into a park. Sckell's younger brother Matthias , who later became the royal Bavarian court gardener, built the complex.

In the course of the redesign of the Duke's Garden, the Duke's Palace was built in 1782 as a summer residence for Duke Wilhelm by the city architect Thaddäus Leitner in a classical style. At the same time, an archway as an entrance and the friendship temple were built in the eastern area of ​​the old wall.

description

The neoclassical Herzogsschlösschen is a ground floor hipped roof building with a mezzanine floor . In front of the building is a sandstone monument to Friedrich Ludwig and Matthias Sckell from 1784, which was originally located below the summer residence. Since Duke Wilhelm was very impressed by the work of the brothers, he had this monument erected for both of them in recognition. It consists of a large urn adorned with garlands, which stands on a base with a Latin inscription. The German translation of the dedication reads:

"Consecrated to the devoted emulator of the blessing Mother Nature, the planner in this area here, Friedrich Ludwig Sckell, the first creator of such things in Bavaria and the Palatinate - and his brother Matthäus Sckell, who realized all of this in 1784."

The archway on the surrounding wall was built into the wall from the 16th century in the style of an ancient triumphal arch in a two-storey gate building with a gable roof and faced rear facade, which was still partially present. On this entrance portal, Duke Wilhelm had marble panels attached to his two children, who were born in Landshut. The round temple of friendship erected nearby was also made in the classicist style. Today the museum of the city of Landshut is in the Herzogsschlösschen.

Herzogsgarten

The Herzogsgarten is the palace gardens of the Herzogsschlösschen and borders the Hofgarten in the northeast. The walled landscape garden has a size of 2.5 hectares .

Königlgarten

At the end of the 16th century, Duke Wilhelm V had a wall built around the Königlgarten. Rabbits ("Königl" or "Kinigl") were kept here for 150 years and were used for hunting and for the Munich court kitchen. In 1754 a nursery for mulberry trees was set up in the Königlgarten . The Munich court kitchen gardener Antoni Gugler had terraces laid out with symmetrical beds. Water was channeled into the garden with round pools in the central axis.

Lust and maze

Duke Wilhelm V had another park laid out in 1578 for his wife Renata of Lorraine as a pleasure and maze , which is also referred to in literature as the ducal garden and the forerunner of today's layout. This garden was not on the Hofberg, but in front of the fortification, in the northeast of the city and is still recognizable today from the street layout in the city plan. The builder Georg Stern the Younger and the gardener Mathurin Morin were responsible for this system. Work began in 1574. When the garden was almost finished, the court in Landshut was dissolved in 1579 and the ducal couple moved to Munich. Eventually the facility was sold and destroyed in the Thirty Years War . The garden was bought back by the dukes after the heavily indebted owners died. After attempts to grow hops and mulberry trees on the area failed, the garden was abandoned in 1799 and sold to various citizens.

The complex was not laid out as a Renaissance garden in the Italian style , as was customary at that time , but as a French garden and was thus the earliest example east of the Rhine . The elongated complex with ornamental and useful plants was divided into several areas. It contained a garden house with a hall, from which a central axis opened up the area. In the upper area there was a bowl well and knot beds . In the middle part of the garden there was the maze with a central pavilion, in the lower part a grotto was to be built.

Today's garden

Duke Wilhelm von Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen had Friedrich Ludwig and Matthias Sckell design the current garden as a classical park. This made the landscape garden the first English park in Bavaria. The facility also included a vegetable garden and menagerie for poultry. After Duke Wilhelm left Landshut in 1800, the Duke's Garden was sold to the University of Landshut in 1807 . When they were used, essential design elements were lost. In particular, a pond with a stream, a stick bridge , various paths and exotic trees were removed . In 1836 the grounds, together with the Hofgarten, came into the possession of the City of Landshut and then became a public park. Parts of the park were also used as the electoral tree nursery. From 1913 the court gardener August Grill preserved the complex from final ruin. The woody stocks were still used for forestry until 1945, until 1963 the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes had the stocks regenerated.

Today there is a slightly modeled meadow valley in front of the Herzogschlösschen, to which a forest-like group of trees connects, through which a circular path leads to the surrounding wall. The tree population includes native species such as Norway maple and sycamore , red beech , ash , pedunculate oak , hornbeam and a few conifers , hackberry trees , sweet chestnuts and a tulip tree . Further strips of meadow are in a north-westerly direction at the Temple of Friendship and at the gatehouse. In 1999, severe storms crashed some trees onto the enclosing wall and destroyed parts of it. From 2002 on, renovation measures were carried out in the palace gardens under the direction of the Landshut City Garden Authority.

literature

Web links

Commons : Hofgarten (Landshut)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Torbau Hofgarten 3 (Landshut)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. List of monuments for Landshut (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (PDF; 256 kB)
  2. ^ City of Landshut: Histories of the sights . Online at www.landshut.de. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  3. a b Volker Liedke: Monuments in Bavaria - City of Landshut, p. 260f. Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1988. ISBN 3-7954-1002-9 .
  4. Georg Spitzlberger : Symposium for Latin Epigraphy of the Middle Ages and Modern Times: Landshut , 18. – 20. July 1980, Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1982, p. 51, ISBN 978-3784744193
  5. ^ City of Landshut: Court and Herzoggarten . Online at www.landshut.de. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  6. a b c Uschi Engels-Pöllinger: The Landshuter Hofgarten - A Brief History in 15 Stations , Benkler Reprotechnik GmbH, Landshut 2012, ISBN 978-3-927612-33-4
  7. a b Hilda Lietzmann : The Landshut Renaissance garden of Duke Ludwig V of Bavaria. A contribution to the garden and cultural history of the early modern period (= art studies. Vol. 93). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2001, ISBN 3-422-06318-8
  8. Landshut Court Garden . Online at parks-und-gaerten.de. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  9. Michael Goecke: The Herzoggarten in Landshut - An early work by Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2003, pp. 28–30 (PDF, 5.51 MB, 48 pp.)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / archiv.patzerverlag.de

Coordinates: 48 ° 31 '58 "  N , 12 ° 9' 45.9"  E