Heavenly spirit

Himmelgeist district of the state capital Düsseldorf
Basic data
Geographic location :	51 ° 10 ′  N , 6 ° 49 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′  N , 6 ° 49 ′  E
Surface:	4.46 km²
Residents:	2,034 (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	456 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1909
District:	District 9
District number:	092
Transport links
Bus route:	835 731
Night traffic:	NE 7

Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist is a spatially large, but small in terms of population, district south of the city center on the Rhine .

The district is characterized by small streets and large courtyards. Its mainly agricultural use conveys the flair of a small, idyllic village. Despite the danger of flooding in spring, Himmelgeist is a fairly expensive district, with rents well above the city average.

Popular excursion destinations are the Rhine front, the Rheinbogen to the south and Mickeln Castle with its 20 hectare park. The districts of Itter and Volmerswerth are in the neighborhood .

The name Himmelgeist, which is over a thousand years old, has two interpretations: Humelgis was a "heathland", as a counterpart to the marshland, and a mixture of humilis = low and gise = heathland; Another derivation with a similar origin is probably the Middle High German geest / geisten , which was used to describe a “dry place in the floodplain”.

Himmelgeist is one of the richest districts in Düsseldorf. The average annual income here is 66,202 euros (as of December 31, 2007).

St. Nicholas Heavenly Spirit

history

Himmelgeist was first mentioned in a document in 904 as "quartam in humelgise" and is therefore older than Düsseldorf. Reliable documents with data and information that are important for the local history are essentially only available for the original aristocratic courts of Fronhof and Haus Mickeln , in notes from the village church and in the documents of the regional courts responsible for the spirit of heaven in the Middle Ages. In a document from 1147, King Conrad III confirmed . the women's monastery Vilich their freedoms and possessions. Here, properties in "Humilgis" (heavenly spirit) and "Biliki" (bilk) were also cited for the Düsseldorf area.

The village church is also mentioned in a document from the Archdiocese of Cologne in 1292 . In this document, dated October 17, 1292, Archbishop Siegfried of Cologne transfers the income from the parish churches of Himmelgeist and Wittlar to the women's monastery in Vilich.

In addition to the two listed aristocratic courts, there were a few older courts that can be traced back to the Middle Ages. These are the Brückerhof , the oldest evidence of which is a lease from 1438, and the Neuenhof , which is listed in a document from 1548 and in a directory from 1601. The Brückerhof was north of the mouth of the Brückerbach , the Neuenhof about 200 m from it at today's Flehe waterworks (formerly Himmelgeister Landstrasse ).

The lands belonging to House Mickeln were originally cultivated from its building complex. Only after the fire in the old Mickeln House in 1836 was the building of the Schlossmeierhof erected after the construction of Mickeln Castle. This is partly on the old cellar vaults of the former Mickeln house. Stones from the burned down house were used to build the courtyard building.

Fronhof

The Fronhof was originally a manorial court and in the present case a royal estate of the Carolingians . In the already mentioned document from the 10th century this court on August 2, 904 of were Ludwig IV, the child the pen in Kaiserswerth for permanent stipend left (living). The farm is thus the oldest settlement in the south of Düsseldorf that can be proven in writing.

For some time it was a church branch of Kaiserswerth , Cellula in Humilgiese. However, the Kaiserswerth monastery must have sold the farm again later. In another - possibly invalid in the 12th century  - document from May 1144, King Konrad III confirmed . Hohenstaufen the Benedictine - Woman pin in Vilich near Bonn property rights to the Fronhof. These ownership rights of the women's foundation did not change until the secularization of 1803, as evidenced by a document from 1791/92. In 1806 the Fronhof was sold by the Bergisches Domain Treasury to Wilhelm von Hompesch . He had been the owner of House Mickeln since the end of the 18th century. Through another sale in 1835, the farm came into the possession of the Duke Prosper Ludwig von Arenberg .

House Mickeln

In a document from 1210, Pope Innocent III confirmed . the Abbey Altenberg various possessions. One of them is Haus Mickeln in Himmelgeist. This property was in 1237 by Pope Gregory IX. approved. In 1382 Haus Mickeln was sold to the Duke von Berg . As a knight's seat , it was given as a possession of the Lords of Capellen in 1418 . By purchasing it in 1632, it became the property of Baron von Vilich , who was named Herr zu Mickeln . In 1681 Haus Mickeln was bequeathed to the Counts of Nesselrode-Reichenstein . After this line of the noble family died out, the barons of Hompesch-Bollheim became the owners of House Mickeln in 1776 . In 1835 the heirs of Wilhelm von Hompesch sold the Mickeln house with the Fronhof to the Duke of Arenberg. A year later the Mickeln house burned down. Today's Mickeln Castle was then rebuilt not far from the old location . This remained in the possession of the Arenberg family until the middle of the 20th century . In 1973 the castle was donated to the city of Düsseldorf by Arenberg-Düsseldorf GmbH .

Bergische country and court dishes

The administration of medieval towns mainly related to the use of cooperative forests and meadows, performance and control of the courts for the delivery of agricultural products ( tenth power ) and Karr and clamping services. The basis for the clarification of inheritance issues and disputes was the Bergische Landrecht . Regional and court courts were responsible for this. These were carried out by lay judges appointed for life by the sovereign . This general structure applied to the Bergische Landrecht until it was replaced by the Code Civil des Francaise in 1810 .

In today's south of Düsseldorf, the Monheim office was the responsible court for centuries . According to a document, this included the following places for the year 1363: Monheim, Hitdorf, Rheindorf, Reusrath, Richrath, Himmelgeist, Bilk and Hamm. As the Bergisches Landgericht in the Monheim district, Himmelgeist was also responsible for Benrath and Itter at that time. The oldest verifiable court seal from Himmelgeist dates from 1368 to 1454. In 2 documents from 1368 and 1454 a judgment, signed by 2 and 4 lay judges, is provided with this seal. In another court inquiry from 1555, a total of 5 courts are listed for the Monheim office. For one of these dishes it is stated: "Seindt unijrt and Hemmelgeist in Ordenbach beaten" . At this point in time, the dishes of these two places are combined. The seat of the court was no longer in Himmelgeist, but in Urdenbach.

Modern times

During the Napoleonic period, the Grand Duchy of Berg was founded under the rule of the French in 1806 . In accordance with a decree of October 13, 1807, a canton of Richrath was formed as part of the municipal administration . In 1808, four municipalities belonged to this canton . One of the four was the mayor's office of Benrath with the towns of Garath, Himmelgeist, Holthausen, Itter, Urdenbach and Wersten. This affiliation of the municipalities did not change even after 1813, when the Generalgouvernement Berg was formed under the leadership of a central administrative council after the French withdrew . From June 15, 1814, the Rhineland belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, first provisionally and finally from June 9, 1815 . The mayor's office of Benrath comprised four rural communities, one of these four was the community of Himmelgeist-Wersten .

Incorporation to Düsseldorf

On February 11, 1903, 5 Wersten parishioners wrote a letter to the mayor of Benrath to apply for Wersten without a heavenly spirit to be incorporated into Düsseldorf. In a letter dated August 30, 1905, the Herzoglich Arenbergische Hofkammer and 150 Himmelgeister citizens informed the Mayor of Benrath that when Wersten Himmelgeist would leave the town, he would like to become an independent community. This was followed on December 19, 1907 by Benrath's application to the Himmelgeist parishioners to merge Himmelgeist with Benrath. However, this union was rejected by Himmelgeist. Furthermore, on December 21, 1907, the district president sent the mayor of Benrath not to join Benrath after Wersten Himmelgeist had left. Nevertheless, on March 30, 1908, the district committee of the Düsseldorf district lifted the rejection of the association by the community members from December 1907.

Wersten left the community of Himmelgeist-Wersten on April 1, 1908. After a short period of independence as a community, another vote by the Himmelgeister community council followed on August 5, 1908. In the presence of the Mayor of Benrath Melies, the incorporation to Düsseldorf was voted again. All members were in favor of incorporation in Düsseldorf. Only the provisional mayor Anton Olberts was not in favor. This was followed on February 28, 1909, the signing of the incorporation contract with Düsseldorf, which was put into effect with a public announcement on March 1.

Rhine ferry

A ferry connection had existed between Uedesheim on the left bank of the Rhine and Himmelgeist on the right bank of the Rhine for centuries. In 1888 the ferry that had existed up to that point was replaced by a cross rope pontoon. The ferry service ran without accidents until 1947. On March 7, 1947 there was a serious accident. The St. Antonius ferry sank in the Rhine, which was carrying drift ice at that time. 14 people were killed in the sinking. A bronze plaque to the right of the Deichtor, donated by the Neuss-Uedesheim Association for Improvement in 2008, commemorates the accident on the Uedesheim side. Until the Fleher Bridge was built in the late 1970s in connection with the expansion of the A46, the ferry was also used to transport cars. Year-round ferry service was discontinued after the Fleher Bridge went into operation. Since 2010 there has been an irregular ferry service for pedestrians and cyclists on weekends and public holidays in the summer months.

schools

GGS Steinkaul Heavenly Spirit

Others

The parish church of St. Nikolaus is one of the three oldest churches in the city. In the Middle Ages, this church was temporarily owned by Vilich Abbey . In a camp book of the church in 1601 it is stated that at that time the pastorate was entitled to a portion of the tithe of the Fronhof.

In 1585, the Margravine Jakobe von Baden , called the unhappy Jacobe because of her sad fate , went ashore in Himmelgeist to marry the Duesseldorf hereditary prince.

The Himmelgeister chestnut tree stood near the nature reserve Himmelgeister Rheinbogen .

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Office for Statistics and Elections of the State Capital Düsseldorf : Statistics for the district 092 - Himmelgeist

Sources and individual references

1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 092 - Himmelgeist
2. ^ Weidenhaupt, Hugo: Little History of the City of Düsseldorf , Triltsch-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X , p. 20
3. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 350. 1840, volume 1, 779–1200, p. [254] 238. Online version
4. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cologne, Certificate 676. 1846, Volume 4, 1401 to 1609, p. [836] 810. Online edition 2009 [1]
5. ↑ Cf. Inge Lackinger u. a .: estates and farms in Benrath and the surrounding area . Heimatgemeinschaft Groß-Benrath eV, Düsseldorf 1990, pp. 55–58 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
6. ↑ Hof des Kollegiatstift Düsseldorf ( curtis… in Brugge prope Hemelgeist or Brügger Hof bei Himmelgeist ); see. Deed of January 21, 1438; Wolf-Rüdiger Schleidgen (arrangement): Document book of the Sankt St. Lambertus monastery, Sankt St. Marien in Düsseldorf , Vol. I. Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, No. 242, p. 336.
7. ↑ Neuwenhoeve at Brugger Busch in a document of Chancellor Johann Ghogreff from 21 March 1548; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/17095).
8. ↑ Cf. Inge Lackinger u. a .: estates and farms in Benrath and the surrounding area . Heimatgemeinschaft Groß-Benrath eV, Düsseldorf 1990, p. 57f.
9. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 9, p. 57.
10. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 9, p. 55.
11. ↑ Document from 1144, issued in Bamberg ; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Vilich Stift, documents 4); see. Paul Derks: The document of King Konrad III. (MGH. D Konrad III 105) for Vilich a. 1144 . In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Wittlaer 15 (1994), pp. 19-22.
12. ↑ Document printed in: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (Hrsg.): Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln ... from the sources ... , Vol. I from the year 779 to 1200 including . Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, No. 350, p. 238f ( digitized version of the University and State Library Bonn) = (excerpts from German translation) Karl Theodor Dumont (Hrsg.): History of the Parishes of the Erziöcese Cologne , Vol. XXVIII Dean's Office Königswinter . J. P. Bachem, Cologne 1890, p. 127 ( Google Books ; limited preview); Photo in the photo archive of older original documents in Marburg.
13. ↑ ^{a b} In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 9, p. 53.
14. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 7, p. 23.
15. ↑ ^{a b} In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 9, p. 56.
16. ^ In: Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf , Geschichtendatei, Volume H, p. 201.
17. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Issue 15, p. 14.
18. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Issue 15, pp. 16/17.
19. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Issue 15, p. 19.
20. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Issue 15, p. 25.
21. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn: Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. 1836, p. 69 ff. , Accessed on May 5, 2014 (digitized version). 
22. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia 1885
23. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 3, p. 10.
24. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 3, p. 14.
25. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 3, p. 43.
26. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 3, p. 44.
27. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1907, p. 654
28. ^ In: Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Issue 3, pp. 47 + 48.
29. ^ Paul-Heinz Kramp: The ferry accident of March 7, 1947 between Neuss-Uedesheim and Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist. In: Yearbook for the Rhein-Kreis Neuss 2010, ISBN 978-3-9810667-4-6 , pp. 146–155.