Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz

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Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz (in the spring of 1914 in South America)

Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz ((born August 14, 1863 in Frankfurt (Oder) , † February 16, 1933 in Dresden )) was a German naval officer . During the First World War , as admiral, he was in command of the Mediterranean division and commander-in-chief of the Ottoman and Bulgarian fleets .

Life and career development

SMS Arcona
Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz in Washington DC (1912)
SMS Kaiser

Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz grew up in a well-off family background. His parents were interested in a good education and social standing. His older brother was the later internationally recognized astronomer and geophysicist Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz (1861–1895). Hubert joined the Imperial Navy as a cadet on April 20, 1882 , completed his basic training on board the sailing frigate SMS Niobe and then attended the naval school for the first time. Further training phases followed on the artillery training ship SMS Mars , on the armored frigate SMS Friedrich Carl , where he was appointed midshipman on May 15, 1883 , and on the covered corvette SMS Prinz Adalbert . As a sub-lieutenant at sea (since November 21, 1884) Rebeur-Paschwitz came from December 29, 1885 to September 26, 1886 once more at the naval school. He then served two months as a watch officer on the Friedrich Carl and another two months as a platoon leader on the artillery training ship Mars . Then he became a company officer in the II. Sailor Division and from September 1, 1887 to August 30, 1890 he was a watch officer on the Aviso SMS Loreley . There he was promoted to lieutenant at sea on November 15, 1888 . In the years from 1895 to 1897 he graduated from the 1st and 2nd Coetus at the Naval Academy.

Since in the years shortly before the turn of the century Japan had clearly managed to come to the top positions in maritime development on a world scale and there had already been agreements with the Japanese government to notify a Japanese naval attaché in Berlin, Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz became selected for use in Tokyo. As the first German naval attaché in Japan, he was appointed to this position on April 24, 1898. The German envoy at this time was Emmerich von Arco-Vally (1852–1909) in Tokyo. However, since the political constellations changed at short notice and the USA also, after long negotiations, released the dispatch of naval attachés for Berlin and Washington, after 15 months in Tokyo, Rebeur-Paschwitz was rescheduled again. On August 27, 1899, he moved to the embassy in Washington as a naval attaché , as there was a short-term confirmation of a deployment as an attaché from the political agreements concluded. Rebeur-Paschwitz was preferred for Washington because of the requirements and importance of this position. Corvette Captain Erich Gühler (1859–1911) was deployed for Tokyo from September 1899. Von Rebeur-Paschwitz remained in the USA until September 30, 1902. After his notification had expired, Corvette Captain Erwin Schäfer took over the post of naval attaché on October 16, 1902.

As corvette captain , Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz was in command of the small cruiser SMS Arcona in the association of reconnaissance ships from September 1904 to September 1905 . In October 1905 he was entrusted with duties in the Reichsmarineamt . Here he was responsible for mobilization until May 1906. In the same year he was promoted to frigate captain. From May 1906 he was then employed as the wing adjutant of Emperor Wilhelm II , with whom he was also in close contact in his subsequent posts. His promotion to sea captain took place at this post on April 27, 1907. In October 1909, Rebeur-Paschwitz, as the successor of the later fleet boss Reinhard Scheer , was in command of the liner SMS Alsace in the 2nd squadron. He gave up this command in September 1911.

On March 22, 1912 Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz was promoted to Rear Admiral and on April 19, 1912 appointed head of a newly formed cruiser division. Under his command, the cruiser fleet made a visiting trip to the United States from May 11 to June 29, 1912 . It included the battle cruiser SMS Moltke and the small cruiser SMS Stettin , which ran from Kiel via Ponta Delgada to Cape Henry on the US east coast and met there on May 30th with the small cruiser SMS Bremen serving at the American station . On June 3, they entered Hampton Roads , where they were greeted by US President William Howard Taft and the American Atlantic Fleet . On 8./9. On June 6th, the German ships continued to New York , from where the return voyage began on June 13, 1912. The Bremen went to Baltimore , the Moltke and the Stettin ran back across the Atlantic. The Moltke arrived back in Kiel on June 24th, the Stettin after a visit to Vigo from 22nd to 26th on June 29th.

In subsequent maneuvers Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz was the 2nd admiral of III. Association of reconnaissance ships and led four small cruisers from the armored cruiser SMS Friedrich Carl and the battle cruiser SMS Goeben, which was being tested . In October 1912 he became director of the naval academy in Kiel and thus responsible for the training of German naval officers. In this function he took over on December 8, 1913 with the large liner SMS Kaiser as flagship of the so-called "Detached Division", which was to march into the South Atlantic and as far as Chile . It included the sister ship the Kaiser , the King Albert and the little cruiser Strasbourg . From December 9th, the division ran across the Canaries and Sierra Leone until December 29th to Lomé in Togo . From December 31, 1913 to January 3, 1914, the ships continued to German Cameroon , where Victoria and Duala were called from January 2 . There the division met the ships of the West Africa station, the gunboats SMS Panther and SMS Eber . The march was continued on January 15, Swakopmund was reached on January 21 and Lüderitz Bay in German South West Africa , now Namibia , on 22 . A possible visit to Cape Town had already been dispensed with during the final planning for political reasons.

From Lüderitzbucht the division marched on January 28th via St. Helena (February 2nd) to Rio de Janeiro (February 15th to 25th), where the Brazilian President Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca visited the ships. We continued to the Argentine Mar del Plata , where the ships of the line stayed, while Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz took the Strasbourg to Buenos Aires on March 5th . There he fell ill, so that the commander of the emperors , Captain Adolf von Trotha , took the lead and moved the ships of the line to Montevideo , where he visited the President of Uruguay, José Batlle y Ordóñez . On March 12, the Strasbourg met there and on March 15, Rear Admiral von Rebeur-Paschwitz returned, who then led the division around Cape Horn to Valparaíso (April 3 to 11) in Chile . From there the division returned, visiting Bahía Blanca (April 25-28) and Santos (May 7-12) , among others . Here the Strasbourg separated from the division, as it was ordered to reinforce the East American station to the Dominican Republic . The ships of the line ran on May 16 from Rio de Janeiro via Cape Verde , Funchal to Madeira and Vigo and returned home on June 17, 1914, where they were for the III. Squadrons stepped. Not a single significant damage had occurred on the approximately 20,000 nm long stretch.

Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz regularly informed the emperor of his impressions during the long voyage and strongly recommended that such journeys be included in the training plan and future naval service, even if they had no immediate military value. After his return to Germany he was at the disposal of the State Secretary in the Reichsmarineamt Alfred von Tirpitz until August 1914 .

War uses

The Midilli ex SMS Breslau

At the beginning of the war in August 1914, Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz took over the leadership of the III. Reconnaissance group with the old armored cruiser SMS Roon as flagship from August 2, 1914 to April 17, 1915 and took part in forays into the North and Baltic Seas. In April 1915 he was promoted to inspector for education in the Imperial Navy and on September 18, 1915 to vice admiral. From November 1916 to August 15, 1917 he was (initially acting as a substitute) chief of the second squadron of the deep sea fleet with the old liners.

On September 4, 1917, Vice-Admiral Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz succeeded Wilhelm Souchon, who had been appointed to the deep-sea fleet, as chief of the Mediterranean division and Turkish fleet chief. He was the highest commanding officer of the Ottoman naval forces until November 1918. The flagship of the commanding officer was the Yavuz Sultan Selim for use in the Mediterranean region. After the armistice with Russia in December 1917, he made an advance to Imbros in January 1918 , in which two British monitors were sunk, but his unit got into a minefield and the Midilli , formerly SMS Breslau , and the Yavuz Sultan Selim , formerly Goeben , sank , was badly damaged. Von Rebeur-Paschwitz remained in Turkey until the armistice. He was retired from the Navy on February 12, 1919 and characterized as an admiral on September 4, 1919 . In the 1920s, he served the emperor, who had gone into exile in the Netherlands, as an adjutant in the Doorn house .

Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz later moved to Dresden and lived here in Dresden's Neustadt Zittauer Strasse 11. He died there on February 26, 1933.

Awards

literature

Web links

Commons : Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dermot Bradley (ed.), Hans H. Hildebrand, Ernest Henriot: Deutschlands Admirale 1849-1945. The military careers of naval, engineering, medical, weapons and administrative officers with admiral rank. Volume 3: P-Z. Biblio Publishing House. Osnabrück 1990. ISBN 3-7648-1700-3 . Pp. 88-90.
  2. ↑ Hans Hildebrand, Formation History and Staffing of the Imperial Navy, Volume 2, Biblio Verlag Osnabrück, 2000
  3. ^ Hans Hildebrand, formation history and staffing of the German armed forces, Biblio Verlag Osnabrück 2000
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Ranking list of the Imperial German Navy. Ed .: Marinekabinett . ES Mittler & Sohn . Berlin 1914. p. 109.
personal data
SURNAME Rebeur-Paschwitz, Hubert von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naval officer, most recently admiral and commander-in-chief of the Ottoman and Bulgarian fleets in the First World War
DATE OF BIRTH August 14, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt (Oder)
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1933
Place of death Dresden