Hudson Heights (New York City)
Hudson Heights is part of the Washington Heights neighborhood in Upper Manhattan , New York City , USA . The name refers to the proximity to the Hudson River , which forms the western border of the district, as well as to its geographical peculiarity, as here is the highest natural elevation in Manhattan - hence "Heights" (height).
Location and geography
Hudson Heights is bounded to the east by Broadway , to the south by 173rd Street and to the north by Fort Tryon Park . The name "Hudson Heights" and its boundaries were first used by the Hudson Heights Owners Association, which was founded in 1993.
Bennett Park in Hudson Heights is Manhattan's highest natural elevation. It's nearly 81 meters (265 feet) above sea level and only about 12 meters lower than the Statue of Liberty torch . A lookout is located at the western tip of Plaza Lafayette , which extends along West 181st Street (between Haven Avenue and Riverside Drive ).
history
Lange Bergh: 17th century
Before the European explorers and settlers, the Lenape Indians lived on this island, which they called "Manhatta". Directly north of Hudson Heights, where Inwood Hill Park is today, Peter Minuit exchanged the island with the Lenape tribe in 1626 for 60 Dutch guilders . He gave the island the name Nieuw Amsterdam . The area north of central Manhattan was called Nieuw-Haarlem until the British took control of the area in the 2nd Anglo-Dutch War . They gave the area the name "Lancaster" and drew the northern boundary at about the height of today's 129th Street. The hilltop, from which the Hudson River can be seen, was once inhabited by the Chquaesgeck Indians. It was later called "Lange Bergh" (Long Mountain) by Dutch settlers until the 17th century.
Fort Washington: 18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th century, only the southern part of the island was settled by Europeans, leaving the rest of Manhattan largely untouched. Here was also the highest point on the island, which offered an unobstructed view of the future city of New York City.
When the American Revolutionary War reached New York, the British had the upper hand. General George Washington and his Continental Army troops camped on this hill and named it Fort Washington, from here to watch the marching red coats of the British Army . The Continental Army withdrew from there after being defeated at the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16, 1776. The British took this position and renamed it "Fort Knyphausen" in honor of the leader of the Hessians , who largely owed the British victory. It was in the Bennett Park area .
Fort Washington was originally built to prevent British ships from sailing up the Hudson River. His partner position across the river was Fort Lee , which was built to assist in the defense of the Hudson Valley.
Not far from the fort was the Blue Bell Tavern at the intersection of Kingsbridge Road, where Broadway and West 181st Street now cross - on the southwest corner of Hudson Heights. On 9 July 1776, when the New York Provincial Congress of the United States Declaration of Independence agreed, "an up crafty bunch marching soldiers and civilians ( 'no decent people' would have been present, a witness said later) [...] down Broadway to Bowling Green , where they see the statue of George III. fell, which was built in 1770. The head was put on a skewer in the Blue Bell Tavern [...] “The tavern was later used by Washington and his staff when the British evacuated New York. They stood in front of it as they watched American troops move south to retake New York.
In 1856 the first documented house was built in the Fort Washington area: the Moorewood residence stood here until the 1880s. The property was acquired by Richard Carman and resold to James Gordon Bennett Sr. as a summer residence. Bennett's descendants transferred the land to the city to build a park in honor of the American Revolutionary War camp. Bennett Park is now a part of this property. Lucius Chittenden , a New Orleans merchant , built a house on land he purchased in 1846 - now west of Cabrini Boulevard and West 187th Street. It was known as the Chittenden Estate in 1864. CP Bucking called his house near the Hudson Pinehurst . Pinehurst Avenue , South Pinehurst Avenue and the Pinehurst Apartments still bear witness to this today .
Fort Tryon and Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson: early to mid-20th century
Around 1900 the forests in this area began to be cut down to make room for houses. The rocks now part of Fort Tryon Park once fortified the Tryon Hall villa of Cornelius Kingsley Garrison Billings , a retired president of the Chicago Coke and Gas Company . The Louis XIV- style property was designed by Gus Lowell and built on over 10 acres of land. The driveway from Henry Hudson Parkway was bordered by 7.60 meter high pillars. In 1917, CKG Billings sold the property to John D. Rockefeller Jr. for $ 2,000,000. Tryon Hall fell victim to a fire in 1925 and later became the model for a property in the novel and film The Dragon Murder Case by SS Van Dine , in which police detective Philo Vance has to solve a murder on the property where the legend goes after a dragon once lived.
Nonetheless, there were hardly any wealthy landowners among the first residents. The area was predominantly settled by Irish immigrants in the early 20th century. During the First World War , Hungary and Poland moved to the neighborhood's Irish immigrants. When National Socialism grew stronger in Germany, Jews fled their homeland. By the late 1930s, over 20,000 refugees from Germany had settled in Washington Heights.
The patron saint of immigrants, Franziska Xaviera Cabrini ("Mother Cabrini"), is buried in a shrine near the north end of Fort Washington Avenue, where Mother Cabrini High School bears her name. Mother Franziska Xaviera Cabrini was beatified in November 1938 and was the first American woman to be canonized on July 7, 1946. She founded the "Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus". The name of the street on the west side of Mother Cabrini High School and the shrine was renamed from Northern Avenue to Cabrini Boulevard in 1939 .
Fort Tryon
Hudson Heights emerged as an independent part of the Washington Heights district in the years before the Second World War . A scholar referred to this area in 1940 as "Fort Tryon" or "Fort Tryon area". In 1989 Steven M. Lowenstein wrote: “The greatest social difference was found in relation to the area in the northwest directly south of Fort Tryon Park, which was and remains the most representative area ... This gradient was noticed as early as 1940, and continued unabated in 1970 and was even recognizable until 1980 ... " (" The greatest social distance was to be found between the area in the northwest, just south of Fort Tryon Park, which was, and remains, the most prestigious section ... This difference was already remarked in 1940, continued unabated in 1970 and was still noticeable even in 1980 ... ") .
According to Lowenstein, Fort Tryon is west of Broadway, east of Hudson, north of West 181st Street, and south of Dyckman Street (including Fort Tryon Park). He writes: “Within the core Washington Heights area (between 155th Street and Dyckman Street) there was also a significant difference. The further north and west developed into the more representative district ... " (" Within the core area of Washington Heights (between 155th Street and Dyckman Street) there was a considerable internal difference as well. The further north and west one went, the more prestigious the neighborhood ... “) . Its representation corresponds to today's Hudson Heights .
References to the old name can be found in Fort Tryon Jewish Center at Fort Washington Avenue between West 183rd Street and West 185th Street (there is no West 184th Street along the Fort Washington Avenue), the Fort Tryon Center for Rehabilitation & Nursing at West 190th street and Overlook Terrace, the Tryon Tower apartment building on Pinehurst Avenue, and the Not for Tourists Guide to New York City website pages .
Recently, Fort Tryon should be used as a reference when naming a planned 23-story high-rise apartment building at Overlook Terrace, the first planned high-rise apartment building in Hudson Heights. But the originally planned name Fort Tryon Tower was changed to One Bennett Park for two reasons : Since the project would have the entrance to Fort Washington Avenue - next to the entrance to the Fort Tryon Jewish Center - a similar name could suggest that the Fort Tryon Tower also had related to the Jewish Center, which is not the case. More importantly, the project developers realized that there was no vacant street number on Fort Washington Avenue for this entrance. With the two present restrictions, the developers chose a new name that can also be understood as an address: One Bennett Park. This fits as the main entrance to the park is directly across the street from the main entrance of the future Fort Tryon Tower .
Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson
In the years after the Second World War, the quarter was called "Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson" because a large number of German and Austrian Jews had settled here and now made up a large proportion of the resident population. In addition, a disproportionately large number of the Germans living here came from Frankfurt am Main . No other quarter of the city had so many German-Jewish residents, who created their own German cosmos here in the 1930s.
This cosmos was cosmopolitan , so that in 1934 the members of the German Jewish Club of New York launched the German-language newsletter “ Aufbau ” for their members, which eventually became a newspaper. The offices were near Broadway. The newspaper became known as an "important intellectual voice and an important forum for German Jewry in the United States" ( "prominent intellectual voice and a main forum for German Jewry in the United States" ) - according to the German Embassy in Washington DC " She published the work of eminent, prominent writers and intellectuals such as Thomas Mann , Albert Einstein , Stefan Zweig and Hannah Arendt . It was one of the few newspapers that reported on the atrocities of the Holocaust during World War II "( " It featured the work of great prominent writers and intellectuals such as Thomas Mann, Albert Einstein, Stefan Zweig, and Hannah Arendt. It was one of the only newspapers to report on the atrocities of the Holocaust during World War II. " ).
The film We Were So Beloved (1985) tells the stories of Jews in the neighborhood who escaped the Holocaust. When this group of immigrants had children, many of them left the neighborhood and sometimes the city until 1960, only 16% of the resident population of Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson was made up of German Jews. The neighborhood increasingly lost its Jewish character in the 1970s when immigrants from the Soviet Union moved to the area. Washington Heights is still the home of Khal Adath Jeshurun (KAJ or "Breuer's"), the German-Jewish Ashkenazim congregation that was founded in the late 1930s. The congregation maintains the German-Jewish type of worship, its liturgy, customs and characteristic melodies. There are also several educational institutions associated with the KAJ.
After the immigration of people from the Soviet Union, families from the Caribbean followed - especially from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic . There are so many Dominicans living in Washington Heights that the Dominican Republic's presidential candidates are campaigning here in parade. African Americans moved to the neighborhood in the 1980s, soon to be followed by other ethnic groups. Now the area was no longer called "Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson".
Hudson Heights: late 20th and early 21st centuries
After German culture barely played a role in the quarter, the name Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson was outdated. Historical points of contact seemed out of the question as alternatives for a new name, although three of the five early landowners were already namesake for places or streets in this area: Bennett Park, Chittenden Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue and South Pinehurst Avenue. The other two names of former landowners ( Moorewood and Carmen ) hardly play a role today.
The name Hudson Heights was possibly also inspired by a sentence by James Bennet from 1992: "... a neighborhood ... where Hudson breezes blow over the rocky heights that helped give the area its name" ( "... a community ... where breezes from the Hudson blow across the rocky heights that helped give the area its name " ). In 1993, a year later, the name Hudson Heights was first used when committed citizens of the neighborhood came together to form the Hudson Heights Owners Coalition . Elizabeth Ritter, the president of this initiative, said: "We didn't set out to change the name of the neighborhood, but we thought carefully about how to choose the name of our organization" ( "We didn't set out to change the name of the neighborhood, but we were careful in how we selected the name of the organization " ). According to one of the founding members, it was only after the initiative was founded that real estate agents began using the name. The new name replaced the now outdated reference to the German “heritage”. Some criticized the name Hudson Heights as artificial, although the German-speaking population still plays a minor role at best. Even the many Russian native speakers in the quarter are now significantly outnumbered by the Spanish-speaking population. English remains the lingua franca.
Preservationists Andrew S. Dolkart, director of the Historic Preservation Program of Columbia University , says that the name Hudson Heights does not fit: "It is an artificial name." But for him does not fit Washington Heights . "It was Fort Washington - that's the historic name of the neighborhood" . By choosing Fort Washington as a suitable name for the neighborhood, however, he bypasses the first name of the area, Lange Bergh (see above), which was chosen by Dutch settlers.
Many of the neighborhood's long-time residents haven't gotten used to calling the area Hudson Heights and continue to refer to the neighborhood as Washington Heights . Some of these residents resent the use of the Hudson Heights name . In The Not For Tourists Guide to New York City , the neighborhood is called Fort Tryon called.
Despite all the criticism, Hudson Heights is now part of the name of artists and cultural institutions such as the Hudson Heights Duo or the Hudson Heights String Academy or of doctors and companies such as Hudson Heights Pediatrics and Hudson Heights Restoration . The media also adopted the name of the neighborhood: The New York Sun newspaper used the name in their articles about the neighborhood before the newspaper was shut down in 2008. In November 2007, Money magazine named Hudson Heights the best neighborhood for retirement among the five boroughs of New York City ( Tudor City was in second place). The Hudson Heights Gazette , a neighborhood news blog about the neighborhood, uses the Hudson Heights name, as does the weekly bilingual (English / Spanish) newspaper for Upper Manhattan : The Manhattan Times . Their annual restaurant guide is also bilingual and sheds light on the burgeoning restaurant scene in North Manhattan.
architecture
This neighborhood is primarily residential, but there are also businesses along West 187th Street and West 181st Street as well as 187 Public School (Kindergarten through 8th grade). Almost all buildings were built before the Second World War, which New York real estate agents refer to as pre-war - predominantly in the Art Deco style , with facades in the style of Art Nouveau , Classicism , Tudor or Collegiate Gothic appearing every now and then . Many of the apartment houses are residential cooperatives and some are condominiums.
The largest residential buildings in the district were bought by real estate investor Dr. Charles V. Paterno started. The intersection of Cabrini Boulevard, Pinehurst Avenue and West 187th Street is named after him. It is called Paterno Trivium and was given a bordered, triangular green area in 2000. Dr. Paterno was the developer of Hudson View Gardens , which were planned as a residential cooperative and moved into in 1924. The Tudor-style apartment complex was designed by architect George F. Pelham , who also designed The Pinehurst , which was completed in 1908 (Fort Washington Avenue / West 180th Street). His son, George F. Pelham Junior, was the architect of Castle Village - on the other side of Cabrini Boulevard. This series of five buildings was completed in 1939 and converted into condominiums in 1985. Another large cooperative building is the 16-story Cabrini Terrace - the tallest building in the neighborhood.
At the beginning of the 1980s, some apartment buildings in the district began to be converted into residential cooperatives or condominiums. In recent years, Hudson Heights has been an attractive area for people who wanted to buy an apartment in Manhattan but couldn't afford the real estate prices of downtown Manhattan or who wanted more living space. The Hudson Heights Owners Coalition was formed in 1993 by numerous housing association members and condo owners .
On May 12, 2005, a nearly 20 meter (65 foot) high retaining wall that separated the Castle Village residential complex from Henry Hudson Parkway was broken . She fell onto the north-facing lane on 181st Street, which leads onto Henry Hudson Parkway. Parts of the wall were up to 100 years old as it was built between 1905 and the 1930s. This collapse led to the threading track being closed for more than 2.5 years until March 2008.
The George Washington Bridge at 179th Street is visible from afar and received praise from Charles Edouard Jeanneret ( Le Corbusier ): “The George Washington Bridge over the Hudson is the most beautiful bridge in the world. Built from wire ropes and steel girders, the silhouette shines like an upturned arch. She was lucky. It is the only graceful place in the disordered city "( " The George Washington Bridge over the Hudson is the most beautiful bridge in the world. Made of cables and steel beams, it gleams in the sky like a reversed arch. It is blessed. It is the only seat of grace in the disordered city " ).
The George Washington Bridge Bus Station on West 179th Street and Fort Washington Avenue was built in 1963 by the Italian architect Pier Luigi Nervi . From a distance, the huge ventilation ducts look like giant concrete butterflies. Nervis bust is located in the entrance hall of the bus station.
The only Gothic-style subway access to New York City is on Fort Washington Avenue and West 193rd Street (for 190th Street Station on the A-Line ). In addition, the exit of the 181th Street subway station on West 184th Street stands out architecturally.
In Bennett Park, a floor marker shows where the walls of Fort Washington once stood - with an inscription on the west side of the park that reads: "Fort Washington built and defended by the American Army in 1776". In addition, a plaque indicates that the nearby slate rock is the highest point on Manhattan Island. The land for the park was donated by James Gordon Bennett Junior, editor of the New York Herald . His father, James Gordon Bennett Sr., had acquired the land and was also the editor of the New York Herald.
Culture and sport
A well-known museum in the area is The Cloisters in Fort Tryon Park , home to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and its collection of medieval art. In September there is a medieval festival here in the park - a fair with costumed participants, food stalls and music.
The art festival The Art Stroll throws a spotlight on artists from Upper Manhattan and their work every June . Hudson Heights, along with Washington Heights, Inwood and Marble Hill, is one of the districts of Upper Manhattan that participate in Art Stroll . Find z. For example, improvised galleries , author readings , performances and markets take place in public places and squares for several weeks .
Bennett Park hosts the Harvest Festival every September and the Children's Halloween Parade on Halloween .
Under the George Washington Bridge, on the east post, is the Little Red Lighthouse , where the festival of the same name is held in late summer. This is also where the Little Red Lighthouse Swim ends - a swimming event for everyone (starting at 165th Street), where, with the support of the tides, people swim a distance of approximately 9.4 kilometers (5.85 miles) together. This is also a popular place to spot peregrine falcons and monarch butterflies.
The only movie theater beyond 125th Street in Manhattan is in Hudson Heights - the four-screen Coliseum Cinema on West 181st Street and Broadway.
The Manhattan Times , Washington Heights & Inwood Online and an events page on the homepage of the apartment building The Pinehurst report on events in the district .
Directly south of Fort Tryon Park is the shrine of the Catholic Saint Franziska Xaviera Cabrini .
Hudson Heights in film, literature and theater
In the novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2007), Anglo-American women yoga mats have with you, harbingers of gentrification of the neighborhood. The book won the Pulitzer Prize in 2008 .
The book "Frankfurt on the Hudson, The German Jewish Community of Washington Heights, 1933-82, Its Structure and Culture" by Stephen M. Lowenstein (1989) examines the history of the district from the 1930s to the 1980s.
The film Washington Heights (2002) tells the story of Carlos Ramirez, a young illustrator who is eager to escape the Latino neighborhood to make a splash in the comic book scene in downtown Manhattan . When his father, who runs a bodega in Washington Heights, is shot to death in an attempted break-in, Carlos is forced to put his dream on hold and continue the business. Over time, he realizes that he can only be successful as a comic artist if he gets involved with his roots, his neighborhood, in order to carry these experiences out into the world and incorporate them into his work.
Two scenes in the 1968 film Coogan's Big Bluff, starring Clint Eastwood , were filmed in Fort Tryon Park - including a shootout at The Cloisters and a motorcycle chase at Heather Garden .
The book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge by Hildegard Swift and illustrated by Lynd Ward (1942) tells of the two most famous sights of the district.
The musical In The Heights takes place on 181st Street and Fort Washington Avenue. It was written and produced by Lin-Manuel Miranda , who grew up in North Manhattan herself.
George Nolfi's film The Adjustment Bureau (2011) with Matt Damon contains a long scene in Fort Tryon's New Leaf Restaurant and Bar .
In the 1948 film classic Portrait of Jennie with Joseph Cotten , Jennifer Jones and Ethel Barrymore , The Cloisters serve as the backdrop for a convent school where "Jennie" lives.
Famous residents
Notable Current and Past Hudson Heights Residents:
- Rabbi Joseph Breuer, religious leader
- Laurence Fishburne , actor
- Henry Kissinger , diplomat and statesman
- Daniel D. McCracken , formerly a computer pioneer and author
- James R. Russell , Scholar and Professor at Harvard University
- Rabbi Shimon Schwab , religious leader
- Ruth Westheimer , psychologist
Individual evidence
- ^ Bennett Park, New York City Parks & Recreation Department, www.nyc.gov/parks, accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ Harris, Elizabeth A. - Card is part of "An Aerie Straight Out of the Deco Era," The New York Times , October 16, 2009, accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ Wisloski, Jess: "Close-Up on Hudson Heights" in: The Village Voice, February 4, 2004, accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ "Hot Guide 2009. Hudson Heights: 173rd Street to Fort Tryon Park, West of Broadway", accessed on June 22, 2010 ( memento of the original from July 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hudson Heights Owners Association Describes the Limits of Hudson Heights, accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ Jackson, Kenneth T. (Ed.): New Amsterdam. The Encyclopedia of the City of New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995
- ↑ Jackson, Kenneth T. (Ed.): Fort Tryon Park. The Encyclopedia of the City of New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995
- ^ Edwin G. Burrows, Mike Wallace: Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999, p. 448.
- ↑ The Battle of Fort Washington, American War of Independence (English) ( Memento of the original from February 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- Jump up ↑ Jenkins, Stephen: The Greatest Street in the World: The Story of Broadway, Old and New, from the Bowling Green to Albany, p. 326. New York: GP Putnam's Sons, 1911
- ^ A b Edwin G. Burrows, Mike Wallace: Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999.
- ^ Edwin G. Burrows, Mike Wallace: Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999, p. 232.
- ↑ a b c James Renner: Images of America: Washington Heights, Inwood, and Marble Hill. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina 2007.
- ^ A b Fierstein, Sanna: Naming New York: Manhattan Places and How They Got Their Names, p. 170. New York: New York University Press, 2001
- ^ History of The Pinehurst ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ "CKG Billings Sells Famous Tryon Hall: Prominent New Yorker, Whose Name is Withheld, Buys Riverside Drive Estate; Mansion Cost $ 2,000,000 - Built on Site of Fort of Revolutionary Frame, the House is One of New York's Show Places “ In: The New York Times. dated January 4, 1917, p. 22 (accessed June 4, 2009).
- ↑ Renner, James: "CKG Billings", Hudson Heights Owners Coalition, www.hhoc.org (accessed on June 4, 2009) ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SS Van Dine: The Dragon Murder Case. Charles Scribner's, New York 1934.
- ^ A b c Bennet, James: "The Last of Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson: A Staunch, Aging Few Stay On as Their World Evaporates", The New York Times , August 27, 1992
- ^ Lowenstein, Steven M .: Frankfurt on the Hudson, p. 18. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1989
- ^ Federal Writers' Project. The WPA Guide to New York City: Guide to 1930s New York. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982 (Original: New York: Random House, © 1939)
- ^ A b Lowenstein, Steven M .: Frankfurt on the Hudson, p. 44. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1989
- ^ Lowenstein, Steven M .: Frankfurt on the Hudson, pp. 42f, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1989
- ↑ a b Hudson Heights Owners Coalition (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ a b Not for Tourists Guide to New York City ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ "Joey": "Hudson Heights not Throwing in Towel on Towers", August 30, 2007, www.curbed.com ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The New York Sun: "Hudson Heights Climbing to the Next Level," October 18, 2007 (accessed March 11, 2012)
- ↑ "Inwood / Washington Heights", Immigrant Heritage Trail ( memento of the original from October 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ "A Jewish Journal Reborn in Berlin", German Embassy in Washington DC ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Canby, Vincent, “We Were So Beloved” (film review), The New York Times , August 27, 1986
- ↑ KAJ website (accessed on August 31, 2001) ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Washington Heights, Columbia 250
- ^ "Since 1993, our member buildings ... have worked together and with others in the community ..." Hudson Heights Owners Coalition
- ↑ a b Calabi, Marcella and Ritter, Elizabeth Lorris: "How Hudson Heights Got Its Name," Hudson Heights Guide, October 29, 2010
- ^ Garb, Maggie, "If You're Thinking of Living In Hudson Heights: High Above Hudson, a Crowd of Co-ops," The New York Times , Nov. 8, 1998
- ↑ Harris, Elizabeth A., “Living In Hudson Heights: An Aerie Straight Out of the Deco Era,” The New York Times , October 16, 2009, accessed March 7, 2010
- ^ US Census Bureau, Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000; Census Tract 273, New York County, New York, Language Spoken at Home (accessed June 4, 2009) and US Census Bureau, Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000; Census Tract 275, New York County, New York, Language Spoken at Home, (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ Facebook.com: "FYI, it's called Hudson Heights ..." group wall - accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ Facebook.com: "Hudson Heights Circle of Friends and Neighbors" group wall - accessed June 22, 2010
- ↑ Kavita Mokha: "Hudson Heights Pumps More-for-Less Theme" The Wall Street Journal , April 8, 2011, www.wsj.com (accessed April 13, 2011)
- ↑ Eligon, John: "In Hudson Heights, A Bid to Keep the Economy's Woes from Becoming Their Own" The New York Times , April 22, 2008, www.nytimes.com (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ Toni Schlesinger: "NY Mirror: Studio in Hudson Heights" The Village Voice , January 1, 2002, www.villagevoice.com (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ^ "Hudson Heights Climbing to the Next Level" The New York Sun
- ^ A b "New York - Best Place to Retire: Hudson Heights" Money Magazine, November 2007
- ↑ Hudson Heights Gazette (accessed February 2, 2011)
- ↑ Manhattan Times website
- ^ Paterno Trivium, New York City Parks and Recreation Department
- ↑ The Pinehurst Co-Operative Apartments, accessed on April 4, 2008 ( Memento of the original from August 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cabrini Terrace Cooperative Apartments - Hudson Heights Owners Coalition, December 23, 1999, accessed on April 4, 2008 ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Cohen, Joyce: "The Hunt: Moving Forward Without Moving Too Far" The New York Times , Section 11, p. 6, July 31, 2005, www.nytimes.com (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ NYC Department of Buildings Inquiry Report: "Castle Village Retaining Wall Collapse April 2007" (accessed on June 23, 2010) ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB)
- ↑ Seth Solomonov: "181st Street Ramp to Reopen on Saturday, March 1", New York City Department of Transportation, February 29, 2008, www.nyc.gov (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ Le Corbusier, Le Corbusier in America: When the Cathedrals were White. New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1947
- ^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot: AIA Guide to New York City. New York: Macmillan, 1978
- ↑ Down In the Hole, Forgotten NY Subways & Trains ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The 2007 Medieval Festival in Fort Tryon Park, The Washington Heights and Inwood Development Corporation ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Uptown Art Stroll www.artstroll.com (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ Little Red Lighthouse Swim, Manhattan Island Foundation ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Fort Washington Park: Peregrine Falcons in New York City, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
- ↑ Monarch Butterflies In New York City - Fort Washington Link - Historical Sign
- ↑ Washington Heights & Inwood Online's calendar ( memento of the original from December 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Pinehurst Co-Operative Apartments' Events, accessed on April 4, 2008 ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Columbia University in the City of New York, Graduate School of Journalism, Pulitzer Prizes for Letters, (accessed June 4, 2009)
- ↑ International Movie Database (IMDb) (accessed August 31, 2011)
- ^ Coogan's big bluff
- ↑ Rabbi Joseph Breuer: The Rav of Frankfurt, USA ( Memento of the original from November 9, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ "Hudson Heights delivers" , New York Daily News , March 7, 2008 accessed March 20, 2008: "Hudson Heights still has plenty of space, views of the river and affordable housing. And celebrities. Actor Laurance Fishburne lives in the listed Castle Village overlooking the Hudson "( " Hudson Heights continues to deliver on big space, river views and affordable apartments. And celebrities. Actor Laurence Fishburne lives in historic Castle Village overlooking the Hudson " )
- ^ Suri, Jeremi: "Henry Kissinger and the American century", p. 44
- ↑ Schwab ML: Biographic notes In: Rav Schwab on Prayer . ArtScroll Mesorah publications, Brooklyn, NY 2001, ISBN 1-57819-512-8 .
- ^ Morris, Bob, "At Home With: Dr. Ruth Westheimer; The Bible as Sex Manual? ” New York Times , Dec. 21, 1995
Web links
- Hudson Heights Neighborhood News
- Hudson Heights Guide
- Hudson Heights Owners Coalition
- Photographs of buildings in Hudson Heights
- Dr. Charles V. Paterno
- Hudson Heights Restoration
- New York Metro: Six Affordable Neighborhoods - Hudson Heights
- The Pinehurst Apartments
- New York: Best place to retire: Hudson Heights (Best place to retire: Hudson Heights) , CNNMoney.com , 2007
Coordinates: 40 ° 51 ′ 3 ″ N , 73 ° 56 ′ 18 ″ W.