IFA L60

IFA
L60 with low pressure tires and modified stirrups
L60
Manufacturer:	VEB Automobilwerke Ludwigsfelde
Sales designation:	IFA L60
Production period:	1987-08.1990
Previous model:	IFA W50
Successor:	IFA 1318 (prototype)
Technical specifications
Designs:	Forward control
Engines:	6 VD 13.5 / 12 SRF (diesel, 9160 cm³)
Power:	132 kW
Length:	6640 mm
Width:	2500 mm
Height:	2830 mm
Wheelbase:	3200-3860 mm
Turning circle:	14.8 m
Payload:	6.2 t
Perm. Total weight:	12.3 t

The IFA L60 (abbreviation for " Ludwigsfelde 60 Decitonnen") is a truck of the industrial association vehicle construction of the GDR . A total of 20,289 vehicles were built between 1987 and 1990. The standard trucks came from VEB Automobilwerke Ludwigsfelde , special vehicles also from other companies.

concept

Annual production IFA L60
1987			1734
1988			6604
1989			8081
1990			3870

When it was introduced in 1987, the IFA L60 was a “temporary addition” to the IFA W50 . In the medium and long term, the plan was to gradually replace the W50 with the L60. This did not happen because production was discontinued shortly after the fall of the Wall in August 1990 after a good three years of construction. In contrast to the W50, the L60 is hardly widespread in Germany today. Reasons for this are - in addition to the lower number of pieces - the more complex technology and the more difficult procurement of spare parts.

When designing the L60 as the successor to the W50, emphasis was placed on ECE regulations , trends in commercial vehicle construction, market requirements and low fuel consumption and economy. In this respect, the L60, despite its external similarity to the W50, is a new development in many respects. The main weaknesses of the W50 - low payload and engine power - have been improved on the L60. Compared to the 92 kW of the 4 VD 14.5 / 12-1 SRW engine in the W50 , the output of the L60 increased by around 43% to 132 kW thanks to the use of a newly developed six-cylinder modular engine . With the payload increased by a good ton, depending on the model, the power- to-weight ratio improved to 183.82 kg / kW for an articulated train with an IFA L60 and a 12 t trailer. The fuel consumption is in the range of 24–26 l / 100 km and thus higher than that of the W50, but in relation to the transported payload it is 15% lower for the all-wheel drive models. The four possible top speeds are broad at 72, 82, 92 and 105 km / h and allow a wide range of possible uses. Models with all-wheel drive are designed for a gradeability of up to 60% (unloaded), rear-wheel drive models for one of 35%. As an articulated train, at least 18% gradeability is provided for all models.

Models

The IFA L60 was built in several variants. Production started in 1987 with the all-wheel drive models and 3200 mm wheelbase, the rear-wheel drive models were introduced in 1988. The long wheelbase of 3860 mm and the frame with a shortened overhang and low-pressure tires were also introduced in 1988. The focus in the production of the IFA L60 was primarily on the all-wheel drive models. The following models were in production at the beginning of 1987 or planned for 1988:

• 4 × 4

• IFA L60 with steel platform body (from 1987)
• IFA L60 with workshop box body (from 1987)
• IFA L60 with steel box body (from 1987)
• IFA L60 with water tank structure (from 1987)
• IFA L60 with fuel tank structure (from 1987)
• IFA L60 with three-way tipper body (from 1988)

• 4 × 2

• IFA L60 with platform body (from 1988)

• 

  L60 platform / tarpaulin with the wheel step of the standard tires

• 

  L60 with LAK from NVA stocks as a THW emergency vehicle

• 

  L60 with heavy chop body

• 

  Side view L60 with box body

• 

  IFA L60 as a tipper

• 

  Auto slewing crane 100 L60

technology

Prototype of the three-axle vehicle

landing gear

The IFA L60 is a two-axle commercial vehicle with rear-wheel drive or permanent all-wheel drive. It has a ladder frame with U-shaped side members, screwed and riveted cross members, 3200 mm wheelbase and a load capacity of around 7700 kg. The trailer coupling is attached to the last cross member. The frame is designed to be torsionally soft in order to increase the off-road capability of the car. The two rigid axles are sprung with leaf springs. The leaf springs of the front axle have a spring support width of 1570 mm, they are stored in a hanger. The springs of the rear axle have a sliding end. Both axles are equipped with double-acting shock absorbers. The L60 has disc wheels of size 7-20 attached with ten wheel bolts, on which tires of size 9.00-20 / 14 PR are mounted. Alternatively, the 18-20 low-pressure tires. The steering is hydraulic assistance , the steering force applied is 80  N .

Two prototypes of the three-axle model were built in which the second rear axle is not driven (6 × 4). It resembles the driven rear axle.

Power transmission

The power is transmitted from the engine via a single-disc dry clutch with a diameter of 380 mm (type TF 380). The clutch actuation is supported by a hydraulic transfer cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder, the pedal force to be applied is 120 N.

The transmission from VEB Getriebewerk Brandenburg is a lock-synchronized eight-speed transmission with an additional sleeve-shifted crawler gear and reverse gear. It is essentially taken over from the IFA W50, but has different gear ratios and a flange-mounted transfer case. The transfer case has a synchronized two-stage planetary gear group and a planetary gear for torque distribution in a ratio of 2: 1, so that 66.7% of the torque is transmitted to the rear axle and 33.3% to the front axle. The longitudinal compensation for the permanent all-wheel drive can be blocked. The shift lever gate is a double H shift gate with crawl and reverse gate on the left. Pneumatic switching takes place between the first and second switching group. Due to the design, this gearbox was often damaged, especially by operating errors, and was the cause of many visits to the workshop.

The axles are newly developed planetary gear axles made of spheroidal graphite cast iron . The sun gear of the planetary gear is self-centering, the five planet gears are needle bearings, around them is the ring gear. The power is transmitted from the differential gears to the planetary gears on the rear axle via axle shafts, and via double cardan shafts on the front axle. The differentials on the front and rear axles can be locked pneumatically. A total of four different planetary gear ratios were offered for the IFA L60, with which the top speed ranges of 72, 82, 92 and 105 km / h are covered. For the all-wheel drive models, only the ratios with a top speed of 82 and 92 km / h were available.

engine

The engine is the IFA 6 VD 13.5 / 12 SRF , a non-supercharged inline six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection and liquid cooling. While the engines of the IFA W50 (type 4 VD 14.5 / 12-1 SRW ) work according to the combustion process licensed by the MAN group with a center-ball combustion chamber , the combustion chambers of the 6 VD 13.5 / 12 SRF are hyperboloid-shaped . The displacement of the engine is 9160 cc, the rated power is 132 kW at 2300 min ^-1 indicated. At 1400 min ^-1 , the minimum specific fuel consumption of 212 g / kWh is achieved. Multigrade oil SAE 15 W 40 , which was known in the GDR under the trade name MD 1544, is used for pressure circulation lubrication ; a seasonal oil change is not necessary. The engine can be cold started at temperatures as low as -15 ° C. The cylinder heads are single cylinder heads, the air inlet ducts have been optimized for air swirl and the exhaust ducts for air throughput. The pistons are made of nodular cast iron. This material is characterized by its low thermal conductivity and low expansion. The engine air filter is a dry air filter.

Braking system

The brake system is a pneumatically controlled and hydraulically operated two-circuit brake system (brake servo) with separate circuits for the front and rear axles as well as the trailer brake connection. It has a full deceleration of 6–7 m / s ² and a stretching function for braking an articulated train . The maximum brake pedal actuation force is specified as 0.55  kN . The brakes are simplex brakes with asbestos-free brake pads and self-adjusting brake shoes. The trailer's brake is pneumatically controlled via a two-line system with separate brake and supply lines. The compressed air required for braking is sent from the compressor via the pressure regulator to two storage tanks with a volume of 20 dm ³ each . The pressure is 1.2  MPa . Downstream of the compressed air tanks is a three-circuit protection valve which reduces the pressure to 0.75 MPa. Downstream of this valve are multi-circuit protection valves, from which the air reaches the booster cylinders of the brake circuits; The power is transmitted from the booster cylinders to the single-circuit master cylinder and from there to the wheel brake cylinder. The handbrake is a pneumatically controlled spring-loaded brake with two spring-loaded cylinders that act on the rear wheels. When the handbrake is operated, the trailer brake is also applied.

Cab

The cab of the L60 is a further development of the W50 cab. Unlike the cab of the W50, however, it can be hydraulically tilted forward by 50 ° to simplify maintenance of the engine and transmission. Like the W50 cab, the L60 cab is available in two and four-door versions. The bonnet welded to the floor pan is lined with insulating mats, the floor of the driver's cab with two-layer floor mats. The sound level in the cabin is at an engine speed of about 2300 min ^-1 in the second highest speed ratio 80  dB (AF). Due to the low position of the engine, there is a third seat in the front center of the cabin. The driver's seat is a sprung, hydraulically damped and height-adjustable suspension seat. The driver and front passenger seats are equipped with three-point seat belts , the middle seat with a lap belt. The instrument panel has been completely redesigned, including a new rev counter with color-coded display areas. Switches, indicator lights and display devices have been combined. Turn signals, high beam, low beam, horn and interval wiper are operated with a newly designed steering column lever. The heater has been modified and is now placed in the center of the front wall. There is also a maintenance hatch for maintaining the electrical system.

Technical specifications

Parameters	IFA L60 1218 4 × 4
engine
designation	6 VD 13.5 / 12 SRF
Type	In-line six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
lubrication	Pressure circulation
cooling	Liquid cooling
Bore × stroke	120 × 135 mm
Displacement	9160 cc
rated capacity	132 kW at 2300 min -1
maximum torque	634 N · m at 1250 min -1
Power transmission
Power transmission on	All wheels
coupling	Single-disc dry clutch , 380 mm diameter
transmission	All-wheel drive WF66K1S8 with distribution group
Gear ratios	Creeper gear: 10.97 1st gear: 5.77 2nd gear: 4.13 3rd gear: 3.00 4th gear: 2.33 5th gear: 1.92 6th gear: 1.38 7th gear : 1.00 8th gear: 0.79 R gear: 9.99
possible axle ratios	6.92 6.04 5.33 4.74
Tires	9.00-20 PA / 14 PR
Electrical system
Board voltage	24 V
battery	2 × lead acid accumulator, 125 Ah
alternator	Three-phase alternator, 0.84 kW
Starter	Thrust armature starter, 5.5 kW
Headlights	H4 headlights
Dimensions and other information
length	6640 mm
width	2500 mm
height	2830 mm
wheelbase	3200 mm
Front track	1900 mm
Rear track	1770 mm
Maximum permissible total mass	12,300 kg
payload	6200 kg
Maximum permissible trailer load	12,000 kg
Axle load capacity at the front	4500 kg
Rear axle load capacity	8000 kg
Turning circle diameter	14.8 m
Top speed	105 km / h (with final drive 4.74) 092 km / h (with final drive 5.33) 082 km / h (with final drive 6.04) 072 km / h (with final drive 6.92)
Maximum climbing ability	50% (loaded) 60% (empty)
Fuel consumption	24-26 l / 100 km
Interior noise	80 dB (AF)
Outside noise	86 dB (AF)
Power to weight ratio	094.83 kg / kW (solo) 183.82 kg / kW (articulated truck with 12 t trailer)

literature

• Günther Wappler: The braked truck The trucks W50 and L60 from Ludwigsfelde. Bergstrasse publishing house, Aue 2003.
• Christian Suhr: Truck from Ludwigsfelde. Kraftakt Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2015, ISBN 978-3-938426-18-0 .
• Frank-Hartmut Jäger: IFA cab from Ludwigsfelde. The history of fire engines on the W 50 and L 60 (=  fire service archive ). Verlag Technik, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-341-01287-7 .
• G. Zimmer: The new IFA L60 commercial vehicle . Ed .: Chamber of Technology (=  Agrartechnik . Volume 37 , no. 3 ). VEB Verlag Technik , Berlin March 1987, p. 99-103 ( uni-hohenheim.de ).

Web links

Commons : IFA L60  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

1. ↑ New and further developed lubricating oils - changed names . agrartechnik, 35th year Berlin, 1985. Page 232.
2. ↑ for the notation "AF" see frequency weighting and time weighting