Ipfbach
The Ipfbach is an approximately 25 km long right tributary of the Danube near Linz in Upper Austria .
course
| Old Ipfbach | ||
| Water code | AT : HZB: 2-126-004, GGN: 429625 | |
| Drain over | Mitterwasser → Ipfbach → Danube → Black Sea | |
| Diversion | from the Ipfbach in Asten 48 ° 13 ′ 21 ″ N , 14 ° 24 ′ 57 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 252 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | northwest of Asten 48 ° 14 ′ 44 ″ N , 14 ° 24 ′ 51 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 244 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | 8 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 2.5 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 3.2 km | |
| Left tributaries | Tagerbach (drainage) | |
| Communities | Branches | |
The Ipfbach runs in the middle of the eastern Traun-Enns-Platte , the pre-alpine Riedelland of the Traunviertel .
It rises nominally in a flat hollow north of Matzelsdorf in the municipality of Schiedlberg , northwest of Steyr , at 368 m above sea level. A. His trench stretches just under 7 km further south to Sierning and the Hametwald .
The Ipfbach initially flows in a northerly direction through meadows and fields. It passes the places Weichstetten (municipality of St. Marien ) and Niederneukirchen , then turns to the northeast and takes the St Marienbach from the left and the Grünbrunner Bach from the right. The stream then flows through St. Florian and Asten , where it enters the Linzer Feld .
In Asten the branches Old Ipfbach from which to Ipfdorf past direction Raffelstetten runs, then passes through the treatment plant and the Ausee in the Mitter water flows, an oxbow lake of the Danube. The eastern course is called Neuer Ipfbach , it then joins the Mitterwasser north of Asten and flows into an wetland near Kronau north of Lorch at 240 m above sea level. A. in the Danube. A large part of the water is diverted via the second course, it is canalised and provided with some fall structures. The old meandering course has been preserved in the municipality border Asten- Enns between the Westbahn and Danube Cycle Path . The mouth of the Tagerbach drains to the old Ipfbach .
The Ipfbach has only a slight gradient over its entire course.
Surname
The Ipfbach is mentioned as early as the 8th century. The name Ipfa or Ippha probably comes from Epia to the Celtic epic 'horse', which means something like 'Rossbach'. This is also referred to with a horse growing out of a wavy beam in the community coat of arms of Schiedlberg .
He originally shared the name with the Kristeinbach to the east, around 719 is “ inter duo flumina que vocantur Ipphas ” (German: “between two rivers which are called Ipf”). For 777, the founding deed of Kremsmünster Abbey reads “ inter utrasque Ipfas ” in the same meaning.
Hydrology
Catchment area
The Ipfbach, together with the Kristeinbach, drains the eastern Traun-Enns-Riedelland between the extensive area of the Traun (here Krems and Alm ) and the Enns .
The catchment area of the Ipfbach is about 93 km² up to the crossing of federal highway 1 , about 1 km above the confluence with the Mitterwasser, and has an elevation of about 170 m. In addition, there is the catchment area of the Mitterwasser itself, which stretches westward in the Traun-Donau-Auen to Ebelsberg , and also includes the Pichlinger See and the Großer Weikerlsee . As with the other bodies of water in the Traun-Enns-Platte, there is a strong exchange with the groundwater , the course of which is determined by the geological conditions that do not match the shape of the surface. As a result, the hydrologically effective catchment area differs from that determined on the surface.
At the southern end of the Hametwald near Sierning is the watershed triple point with the catchment areas of the Traun and Enns (west: Seilerbach zur Traun bei Nestlbach; east: Sierninger Bach / Goldenbach zur Steyr). Ipfbach and Kristeinbach drain the Traunviertel between the two much larger catchment areas of the Alpine rivers Traun and Enns.
Water flow
The mean discharge at the St. Florian gauge is 0.91 m³ / s, which corresponds to a relatively low discharge rate of 10.6 l / s · km². The Ipfbach has a winter pluvial runoff regime , as is typical for the Danube tributaries in the area. The highest runoff occurs at the end of winter, then gradually decreases until late autumn, only to increase again over winter. The fluctuations are relatively small, however, the monthly mean of the month with the highest discharge, February, at 1.18 m³ / s, is not even twice as high as that of the month with the lowest discharge, October, with 0.71 m³ / s. The thirty-year flood HQ 30 is 43 m³ / s.
Tributaries
The most important feeder is the 15.5 km long St. Marienbach , which joins from the left between Niederneukirchen and St. Florian. At the mouth it is 3 km longer than the Ipfbach, drains a larger catchment area (40.5 compared to 26.1 km²) and has the higher mean discharge (estimated 630 compared to 470 l / s). The second larger feeder is the 6.5 km long Grünbrunner Bach or Thalbach, which joins around 2 km below the St. Marienbach from the right and drains a catchment area of 10.5 km² with an average discharge of around 135 l / s.
Historic estuary
In the 18th century the brook flowed between Ipfdorf and the now abandoned town of Fisching into the Danube tributary Mitterwasser - Kühwampe (today's Kronaubach) - Enghager Wasser (today silted up ). At that time the Danube meandered from Ifpdorf and Fisching past Schloss Spielberg (this one on the right bank) over to Langenstein and Mauthausen . The common name of Ipfbach and Kristeinbach in the High Middle Ages and the old salt port Enghagen suggests an earlier more direct confluence here in the area.
ecology
In the upper reaches, the stream runs as a natural, straightened channel without wood on the banks through intensively used arable land. However, the course is becoming increasingly natural and has windings, well-structured riparian wood, variable width and different flow conditions. The wood on the banks consists mainly of ash , willow , maple , alder and hazel . From the confluence of St. Marienbach and Grünbrunner Bach, the condition is again remote from nature, especially in the settlement areas, the banks are secured and mostly without wood. The last section of the Ipfbach runs relatively close to nature in the alluvial forest, which mainly consists of pastures . There it shows largely natural water dynamics with numerous gravel landings.
In the entire course there are numerous water power plants (mills, sawmills, formerly also scythe smiths ), which interrupt the water continuum. Below the confluence of the St. Marienbach there are only a few sections that are not influenced by backwater or diversion.
Most of the catchment area ( over 70% of the total area in the communities of Schiedlberg, St. Marien, Niederneukirchen and Hofkirchen in the Traunkreis ) is used as arable land, but livestock farming is less intensive, and there is hardly any forest and grassland.
fauna
In the old Ipfbach there is a relatively small stock of fish, including rutte , hazel , aitel , gudgeon and loach . The Neue Ipfbach , on the other hand, has a diverse fish population. In the shallow areas you can find coppice , gudgeon, loach and hazel, in the deeper areas there is aitel, hazel, brown and rainbow trout , nose , rod and individual pike . Some species such as the hazel only come to spawn from the Mitterwasser or the Danube in the Ipfbach.
The beaver occurs in areas with woodland in the lower reaches . These are populations that were settled in the Lobau in Vienna and on the lower Inn and spread across the Danube.
Water quality
Like the St. Marienbach, the upper reaches of the Ipfbach are heavily polluted with nitrates and in 2001 had measured values of over 10 mg / l NO 3 -N. From the mouth of the St Marienbach and in particular the Thalbach, which is significantly less polluted, a significant decrease in concentrations can be observed. The nitrate gets into the stream mainly via the groundwater. Other nutrients like phosphorus could be reduced through improved wastewater treatment. Pesticide input from agriculture is another burden. As of 2001, the Ipfbach had water quality class II throughout , on the border with II-III.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Digital Upper Austrian Room Information System (DORIS) : Waters (origin according to the waterway path; length: stationing).
- ↑ a b c d According to Oö. Wasserbuch (DORIS: water path and reporting water network ) the Ipfbach flows into the Danube; However, the HZB (area directory) gives for the last piece of Mitterwasser , hence the HZB code 2-126-006 ( river order number 2) for the Ipfbach ; Length of this last section of the river 2.2 km, the Josephinische Landesaufnahme (around 1780) shows that both streams flow directly into the branch of the Danube.
- ↑ a b Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2010. 118th volume. Vienna 2012, p. OG 188, PDF (12.6 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (2010 yearbook)
- ↑ a b c The old Ipfbach is listed in the water book as a 429625 overpass from the Ipfbach with stationing 2.5794 km, but its lower course as part of 5478 Tagerbach , this approx. 700 m (DORIS: small bodies of water )
- ↑ a b Erich Kainz, Reinold Janisch; Federal Agency for Fisheries Management in Scharfling / Mondsee (Ed.): On the fish population in the waters in the south and south-east of Linz. In: Naturk. Jb. D. City of Linz 33, 1987, 2.5. Ipfbach , p. 244 f and results 4.5., P. 260 f, whole article p. 233-270, PDF on ZOBODAT there p. 12 resp. 28.
- ^ K. Schiffmann: Historisches Ortnames-Lexikon des Landes Oberösterreich , Vol. 3 (1940), p. 261; quoted in Baumert 1973.
- ^ Herbert Erich Baumert: The coats of arms of the cities, markets and communities of Upper Austria (3rd supplement). In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets. Issue 1/2, 1973, p. 16. ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
- ↑ D KdGr No. 196; Information in Isolde Hausner, Elisabeth Schuster: Old German name book: the tradition of place names in Austria and South Tyrol from the beginnings to 1200. Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1989, ISBN 3-7001-1617-9 , p. 559 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c d e f Office of Upper Austria. State government (publisher): Water protection report 24/2001: Traun-Enns-Platte. Linz 2001, especially 4.1.2. Hydrography: Ipfbach - St. Marienbach , p. 7; 4.2. Hydrogeology , p. 7 f; 4.3.2.2. Use of hydropower: Ipfbach - St. Marienbach , p. 11 f; 6.2. Results: Ipfbach - St. Marienbach , p. 18 ff ( PDF , 88.5 MB; landesmuseum.at).
- ↑ The western watershed of the lower Steyr and Enns runs only 1–3 km away from the rivers along the left bank of the Riedel.
- ↑ Helmut Mader, Theo Steidl, Reinhard Wimmer: Discharge regime of Austrian rivers. Contributions to a nationwide river typology. Federal Environment Agency, Monographs Volume 82, Vienna 1996, p. 102 ( PDF; 14.7 MB ).
- ↑ The map of Austria above and below the Enns (1809–1818) - Franziszeische Landesaufnahme gives three estuaries between and Fisching, the Josephinische Landesaufnahme (around 1780) only the two western ones , the Franziszean Cadastre (around 1830) the two outer ones, i.e. i. the “old” and, for example, today's “new” Ipfbach (all regional recordings online at Arcanum / Austrian State Archives: mapire.eu ).
- ↑ A common Ipfbach / Kristeinbach estuary can be found (schematically) in: Georg Matthäus Vischer: Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Descriptio , 1667; Nicolas Visscher : Austriae Archiducatus Pars Superior , 1702 (both online as layers in DORIS: subject of historical land recordings) .
- ↑ a b c Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape - models for Upper Austria. Volume 38: Traun-Enns-Riedelland spatial unit . Linz 2007, Chapter A5.4 Ipfbach (with St. Marienbach and Grünbrunnerbach) , p. 21 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original - and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , 6.8 MB; land-oberoesterreich.gv.at).
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government (Hrsg.): Natural area mapping Upper Austria - landscape survey of the community of Niederneukirchen. Final report, Kirchdorf an der Krems 2009 ( PDF; 3.2 MB ).
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government (Hrsg.): Natural area mapping Upper Austria - landscape survey of the municipality of St. Florian. Final report, Kirchdorf an der Krems 2009 ( PDF; 3.4 MB ).
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government (ed.): Natural area mapping Upper Austria - landscape survey of the municipality of Asten. Final report, Kirchdorf an der Krems 2009 ( PDF; 3.2 MB ).
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government (ed.): Natural area mapping Upper Austria - landscape survey of the municipality of Enns. Final report, Kirchdorf an der Krems 2004 ( PDF; 2.1 MB ).
