Jasło

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Jasło
Jasło's coat of arms
Jasło (Poland)
Jasło
Jasło
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Subcarpathian
Powiat : Jasło
Area : 36.52  km²
Geographic location : 49 ° 45 '  N , 21 ° 28'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 44 '52 "  N , 21 ° 28' 17"  E
Height : 225 m npm
Residents : 35,063
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 38-200 to 38-211
Telephone code : (+48) 13
License plate : RJS
Economy and Transport
Street : Jedlice - Tarnów
DK28 Zator - Przemyśl
Next international airport : Rzeszów-Jasionka
Gmina
Gminatype: Township & Country Community
Residents: 35,063
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 1805011
Administration (as of 2010)
Mayor : Andrzej Czarnecki
Address: Rynek 12
38-200 Jasło
Website : www.um.jaslo.pl



Sroczyński Palace in Jasło
Varieties of wine from Northern Carpathians. The Pre-Carpathian Tricity in Jasło (2013)

Audio file / audio sample Jasło ? / I is a city inPolandin theprovince Podkarpackie.

history

middle Ages

West of the city in Trzcinica was one of the most important Slavic castle walls of the Wislan from the 8th century.

The first documented mention of Iasel and Iassiel comes from the document published in 1252 and 1277 under the year 1185. The settlement was called Jasel, Iasiel (1262) in the 13th century . She was later named Iassol (1325), Yassel (1346), Jessel (1367), Jessil (1368), Ieschil, Jasschil (1374), Gesszel (1386), Jassyel (1388), Jasszel (1400), Jeszlo (1415) , Jaszlo (1417), Jasel (1420), Jaszel (1422), Jassil, Jaslo (1429), Jasziel (1435), Yaszyel (1465), Iaszlo (1469), Yaszyel (1470–1480), Iaszyel , Yaszel (1471 ), Jasso [!] (1486), Iasszek [!] (1491), Lassko [!] (1496), Jasslo (1502), Iaschlo (1514), Iaslo (1527) mentioned. The name is derived from the ancient Slavonic * (j) eš- ( bright, clear ; Indo-European * aidh-s-), originally the name of the mountain river Jasiołka with a light, rocky bottom. The form Jasło was created in the 15th century as a result of the alignment of the form Jasieł with the genitive Jasła as the new form Jasło.

The place lived mainly from trade. The granting of tax exemption and legal privileges by Duke Bolesław V the Shameful in 1262 promoted growth. 1365 gave Casimir the Great , the city charter by Magdeburg Law . In 1368 the city, previously owned by the Cistercians, became the property of the Polish crown. A parish school had existed since the end of the 14th century, and its most famous graduate was Bartholomeus de Jassel (1383), later professor at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow .

The city initially belonged to the Kingdom of Poland (from 1569 aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania ), Krakow Voivodeship , Biecz District .

Armed conflicts hit Jasło in the 15th century (e.g. plundered by the Hungarians in 1474), which at that time had no defensive facilities, and hampered trade and growth. As countermeasures, kings Casimir IV and Jan Olbracht reduced the tax burden and granted privileges. The first stone houses were built at the end of the 15th century.

Modern times

Epidemics raged in 1652 and 1653. The stay of the Polish army in 1661 and 1662 led to looting and higher taxes, which further dampened Jaslo's development. Fires also ravaged the city, the worst in 1670, 1683, 1691 and 1754.

After the first partition of Poland (1772), Austrian rule began over the area. In 1790 Jasło became a district town, in 1860 it lost this status again and became part of the Tarnów District , later again the seat of the Jasło District .

On January 5, 1826, another great fire almost completely destroyed the city.

In 1900 the town of Jasło had 485 hectares, 556 houses with 6571 inhabitants, the majority of whom were Roman Catholic (4859) and Polish- speaking (6451), 1524 Jews and 178 Greek Catholics .

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in November 1918, Jasło became Polish again . Between the world wars , a new town hall was built with statues of Casimir the Great and Hedwig I in its facade. Before the outbreak of World War II , the city had 12,000 residents, including 3,000 people of Jewish faith.

World War II and after

During the German invasion of Poland , Jasło was occupied by the Wehrmacht on September 8, 1939 . In 1941 the main camp 325 Szebnie for Soviet prisoners of war was built nearby. It was later used as a so-called central labor camp in the Holocaust against Jews (ZAL, a form of concentration camp ). On September 13, 1944, the German mayor Walter Gentz ordered the city to be mined and destroyed. After three months of deliberate destruction, only 40 of 1200 buildings remained. On January 16, 1945 the Red Army and Czechoslovak artillery units reached Jasło, which was empty of people.

In 1975 Jasło became part of the Krosno Voivodeship , and since 1999 it has belonged to the Subcarpathian Voivodeship .

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows the letters JAR and a crown in gold on a red background. The origin and the date of the award of the coat of arms is not certain. It is possible that the city received the coat of arms of King Jan Olbracht ( J oannes A lbertus R ex) in the 15th century. The earliest evidence of the use of a seal with the city arms comes from the years 1532 to 1565.

Population development

year 1790 1921 1939 2000
population 1,500 10,257 12,000 38,871

Gmina

Town twinning

Personalities

Honorary citizen
  • Karl Ritter von Stremayr (1823–1904), Minister for Culture and Education in recognition of his services to the establishment of the grammar schools and secondary schools in Galicia.

Web links

Commons : Jasło  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Tomasz Jurek (editor): JASŁO ( pl ) In: Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna . Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). 2010-2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  3. ↑ Kazimierz Rymut , Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch: Nazwy miejscowe Polski: historia, pochodzenie, zmiany . 4 (J-Kn). Polska Akademia Nauk . Instytut Języka Polskiego, Kraków 2001, p. 122 (Polish, online ).
  4. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (Ed.): Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrat, edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900, XII. Galicia . Vienna 1907 ( online ).
  5. ^ Frank Golczewski: Poland . In: Wolfgang Benz (ed.): Dimension of the genocide. The number of Jewish victims of National Socialism . Oldenbourg, Munich 1991, pp. 411-498, here pp. 476 and 485; Gerhard Schreiber : The Italian military internees in the German sphere of influence, 1943 to 1945: betrayed, despised, forgotten . Oldenbourg, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-486-55391-7 , p. 310: “From 1.2.1944 Stalag 325 Szebnie”.