Truskavets

Truskavets
Трускавець
	Truskavets
Basic data
Oblast :	Lviv Oblast
Rajon :	District-free city
Height :	350-400 m
Area :	70.00 km²
Residents :	28,647 (2019)
Population density :	409 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes :	82299
Area code :	+380 3247
Geographic location :	49 ° 17 '  N , 23 ° 30'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 16 '50 "  N , 23 ° 30' 18"  E
KOATUU :	4611500000
Administrative structure :	1 city
Mayor :	Andrij Kultschynskyj
Address:	вул. Бориславська 2 82200 м. Трускавець
Website :	http://truskavets-city.gov.ua/
Statistical information
Truskavets

Truskawez ( Ukrainian Трускавець ; Russian Трускавец , Polish Truskawiec ) is a western Ukrainian city ​​with about 30,000 inhabitants.

The city in the former Austrian crown land, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, is a well-known health resort throughout the former Soviet Union thanks to its medicinal springs and rehabilitation centers . The first spa facilities were created here in 1836.

Panoramic view of the place

geography

Truskavets is located at an altitude of 350  m to 400  m on the Stryj – Łupków railway in the south of Lviv Oblast, about 100 km south of the Oblast capital Lviv in the hill country in front of the Carpathian Mountains . The next largest city is Drohobych .

history

The first documented mentions of the place date from the period 1469–1471. Truskavets was then owned by the kings of Poland and assigned to the Ruthenian Voivodeship . 1469-1470 the village was pledged to the nobles Iwan and Stanisław Korytków. In 1471 Ivan Korytków again transferred the liens on the village for 550 hryvnia to the brothers Ignac von Tustanowice and Andrzej von Lubnia.

The healing properties of the Truskavets mineral water were already demonstrated in 1578 by Wojciech Oczko (1537–1599), personal physician and secretary of the Polish kings Stephan Báthory and Sigismund III. Wasa , firmly. He noted that, according to its characteristics , it was equivalent to the waters of such well-known European health resorts as Rosenheim , Baden-Baden and Budapest . After the first division of Poland , the city became part of Galicia in 1772. Truskavets only got the status of a health resort in 1827, when the first hydrotherapy institute was opened here. After that, the city began to actively develop the infrastructure and build hotels, guest houses and villas. One of the oldest villas in the city is the wooden villa "Gopljana", which today houses the art museum of the famous painter Mikhail Bilas. In 1836, the nobleman Józef Micewski, administrator of state assets in Truskavets initiated, with the support of the later kk Interior Minister Agenor Count Gołuchowski (the Elder) to build a spa complex.

“Already in 1816 street lighting was tried in Vienna and Prague with Gallician mountain oil, which is extracted in Truskavets and Sloboda; The former gives 40 Pzt of naphtha in the distillation, the latter 10. "

- Allgemeine Polytechnische Zeitung : Collection of the newest and useful inventions, discoveries and observations (1837)

In 1853 the village was visited by Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria . At the end of the 19th century Truskavets turned into one of the most popular health resorts in Europe. People came here from Vienna , Krakow , Prague , Warsaw and Berlin to freshen up. Its own railway station was opened in 1911, and from 1913 the city saw around 5000 visitors a year.

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , the ensuing Polish-Ukrainian armed conflict and a possible Polish-Soviet partition of Ukrainian territory, Truskavets fell under the jurisdiction of the Polish state . In the short time under Polish administration (1920-1939) Truskavets developed into a popular health resort. Almost 300 hotels, villas and guest houses were built here in the 1920s and 1930s. The city received three gold medals as the best health resort in the country. A number of prominent Polish personalities visited at this time Truskavets, including Stanislaw Wojciechowski , Józef Pilsudski , Leon Sapieha, Wincenty Witos , Ignacy Daszyński , Eugeniusz Bodo , Adolf Dymsza, Julian Tuwim , Stanislaw Witkiewicz , Bruno Schulz , Zofia Nałkowska , Stanislawa Walasiewicz , Halina Konopacka and Janusz Kusociński .

On August 29, 1931, Wassyl Bilas and Dmytro Danylyschyn, two Ukrainian activists of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists , murdered Polish MP Tadeusz Hołówko while he was on vacation in Truskavets . In response, the Polish government ordered another wave of “pacification”, a campaign of repression against ethnic Ukrainians. However, this only deepened resentment against the Polish state authorities and the ethnic division in the local population. Bilas and Danylyschyn were arrested, sentenced to death by a Polish court and executed in Lviv on December 23, 1932.

In September 1939 , Soviet troops occupied the city until it was occupied by Germany in the summer of 1941 and attached to the Galicia District of the General Government. After the Second World War , the city fell to the Soviet Union , was annexed to the Ukrainian SSR and received city rights in 1948.

City History Museum

“In the spring of 1945, 420 people - family members of the Ukrainian underground fighters - were accommodated in the transit camp in Truskavets (Drohobych region). Among them, 70% were female and 30% male; 60% children and minors and 30% old people. "

- Russian colonialism in Ukraine; Reports and Documents (1962)

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , Truskavets became part of the now independent Ukraine in December 1991 . In 2000, a special economic zone was established in Truskavets for a period of 20 years. Known as "Kurortopolis Truskavets" ( Курортополис Трускавец ), it offers various tax privileges for companies and investors. Thirteen investment projects were approved under this framework, most of them focusing on health and medical treatment.

Truskavets is best known today for its healing mineral springs , it has one of the largest deposits in Ukraine. Visitors to the spa make use of the various “local waters”. Probably the most famous is the sulfur-smelling, slightly salty “Naftusia” water from the hydro-carbonate-sulfate-calcium-manganese source.

Personalities

• Yuri Nikolajewitsch Balujewski (* 1947), Russian general

Twin cities

• Limanowa , Poland
• Przemyśl , Poland
•  Dolný Kubín , Slovakia
• Integrated community Wathlingen , Germany

literature

• Anton Eduard Unger: News of the mineral, drinking and bathing springs in the health resort Truskawiec in Galicia and their appropriate use. Carl Gerold, Vienna 1843, pp. 56–60.
• А. Мациевскнй, O. Мацюк: Трускавец за 500 лет. (1469–1969) (500 years of Truskavets). Каменяр, Lviv 1972.
• Andrzej Andrusiewicz (arrangement): Polska i jej wschodni sąsiedzi. Part 7, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2006.
• Andrzej Martynkin: W dolinie Pomiarki . In: Angora. No. 13, March 27, 2011.
• Włodzimierz Kluczak: Pan Czapla. Historia człowieka, miasta i kościoła. In: Courier Galicyjski. No. 5 (153), 16.-29. March 2012.

Web links

Commons : Truskavets  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• German-Ukrainian partnerships at the urban development forum in Truskavets on skew.engagement-global.de
• Local history of Truskavets in the history of towns and villages of the Ukrainian SSR (Ukrainian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cities & Towns of Ukraine on pop-stat.mashke.org ; accessed on July 2, 2020.
2. ↑ Everything about the resort on the city's official website; accessed on July 2, 2020 (Ukrainian).
3. ↑ Andrzej Andrusiewicz (Ed.): Polska i jej wschodni Sąsiedzi. Part 7, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2006, p. 26.
4. ↑ Comité des publications: Vie économique de la Pologne . Librairie Payot & Cie., Lausanne-Paris 1919, p. 40.
5. ↑ discover-ukraine.info , accessed on August 17, 2017.
6. ↑ Andrzej Andrusiewicz: Polska i jej wschodni Sąsiedzi. Part 7, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2006, p. 28.
7. ↑ discover-ukraine.info , accessed on August 17, 2017.
8. ↑ Cf. Christine Hikel and Sylvia Schraut (eds.): Terrorism and gender: Political violence in Europe since the 19th century . Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2012, p. 197.
9. ↑ Kai von Jena: Polish Ostpolitik after the First World War. The problem of relations with Soviet Russia after the Riga Peace of 1921. Series of the Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, No. 40, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1980, p. 194.
10. ↑ Grzegorz Rąkowski: Ukraińskie Karpaty i Podkarpacie: Część zachodnia , Volume 1. Rewasz, Pruszków 2013, p. 218.
11. ↑ Zentralblatt für Chirurgie , Volume 87, 1962, p. 717.