Johann Castillon
Johann Castillon or Giovanni Francesco Salvemini de Castillon , born Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchiorre Salvemini , (born January 15, 1708 in Castiglion Fiorentino , Tuscany , † October 11, 1791 in Berlin ) was an Italian mathematician, philosopher and university teacher.
Life
Giovanni Salvemini studied mathematics in Pisa and then went to Switzerland , where he changed his name. He taught in Lausanne and Bern . In 1751 he went to the University of Utrecht to mathematics and astronomy to teach. He received a doctorate in Utrecht in 1754 and became a professor in 1755. Three years later he became the rector of the university. In 1764 he went to Berlin , where he became the first astronomer at the royal Berlin observatory the following year . He wrote his first two treatises on the cardioid , to which he gave this name. He also dealt with conics and quadratic equations . Castillon published the correspondence between Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Johann I Bernoulli , edited works by Leonhard Euler and published a commentary on Newton's Arithmetica Universalis . He also translated Locke's basic concepts of physics into French. In 1753 he became a member of the Royal Society and the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen and in 1755 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . The only one of his children who survived him was his son Frédéric de Castillon .
Works
- Discours sur l'origine de l'inégalité parmi les hommes (Counter-speech to le Discours de Jean-Jacques Rousseau ), (1756)
- Vie d ' Apollonius de Tyane , par Philostrate , (1774)
- les Académiques de Cicéron , (1779), 2 volumes
- Observations on the system of nature. Decker, Berlin (1779)
literature
- Moritz Cantor : Castillon, Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchior Salvemini . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 67-69.
- Otto Spiess : Castillon, Jean. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 174 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Johann Castillon. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
- Castilioneus in the Catalogus Professorum Academiae Rheno-Traiectinae
Individual evidence
- ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 57.
- ^ Members of the previous academies. Jean (Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchior) de Castillon. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 6, 2015 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Castillon, Johann |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Salvemini, Giovanni Francesco Melchiore (maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mathematician, philosopher and university professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 15, 1708 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Castiglion Fiorentino |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 11, 1791 |
| Place of death | Berlin |