KÖHV Carolina Graz

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Graz (Austria)
Graz
Basic data
State : Styria
University location: Graz
Founding: August 18, 1888 in Graz
Association: ÖCV
Entry into the CV: 1889
Abbreviation: Cl!
Circle: Central Committee Carolina.gif
Colours: black-gold-white
Motto: Pro deo et patria!
Members: 415 (Aug 19, 2009)
Website: carolina.at

The Catholic Austrian University Association (KÖHV) Carolina is a Catholic association of the ÖCV . Her university location is Graz , and she strictly rejects the use of scales - because it was forbidden by the Catholic Church at the time the association was founded. It unites students and graduates from all Graz universities ( Karl-Franzens-Universität , TU Graz , MedUni , KUG ) and universities of applied sciences (e.g. FH Joanneum ) in its ranks. It became known in ÖCV circles as a "combat connection", founded as a counterweight to the national-liberal beating corporations in Graz (Carolina was often involved in disputes with them in public), and as a long-term suburb (presiding local connection) of the ÖCV underground, when the umbrella organization was banned during the Nazi dictatorship.

Their colors are black-gold-white with gold percussion, and a semi-rigid, black flat cap is worn.

The founding phase

Carolina founding coat of arms from 1888, lost in 1938

The KÖHV Carolina was founded to strengthen the Catholic academic camp in free-spirited Graz. Right from the start, the association refused to hit mensures (one of the liaison founders had been demoted for refusing to duel) and from its foundation onwards it admitted to the principles religio (Catholicism), patria (fatherland) (CV principle since 1909), scientia (science ) and amicitia (friendship). Carolina chose a combination of the colors of the Austrian imperial family (black and gold) with the church colors (gold and white).

The non-prohibition decision of the association authority happened to be issued on August 18, 1888, the 58th birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph I , which the young association immediately used for its Austrian patriotic attitude and declared the official founding date. From the very beginning, Carolina was strongly hostile to the national and liberal corporations in Graz. Carolina was denied academic equality, as no scales were struck, but the racket was still carried to the Vollwichs . As a result, there were repeated clashes, including serious street fights. In 1895 Carolina was not invited to the opening of the newly built university (Res Carolina), after which the disappointed Carolinen telegraphed the emperor. The telegram was published in newspapers, which caused quite a stir. From 1901 the disputes got worse: On November 21, 1901, in Harrachgasse in front of Graz University, Carolinen was attacked by national-liberal students. In February 1906, a Caroline died of serious head injuries after an attack. Although the victim incriminated a national-libertarian corporation before his death, the offense was not resolved by the authorities. This led to heated arguments in the press.

True Mouth Year and Graz Farmers Storm (1907/08)

After increased local attacks on Catholics at universities, the conflict became increasingly radical. When Carolinen Johannes Ude was refused the couleur doctorate on October 24, 1907, the mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger , chose the unfortunate phrase on the evening of the 6th Katholikentag in Vienna that the universities had to be conquered again. This led to heated debates in the Vienna Reichsrat, while in Innsbruck the liberal canon lawyer Ludwig Wahrmund denied the church any scientific work and insulted Catholic students as " parasites ".

This so-called Wahrmund affair was followed by a year-long cultural war at the Austrian universities: after the Ude doctorate, the Graz rector resigned, as did his successor, the Ministry of Education summoned all deans and rectors to Vienna to discuss the situation. Ultimately, the Carolinen in Graz were allowed the color doctorate. The next candidate was Michael Aldrian and was secretary of the Catholic Conservative Farmers' Association. He hired two hundred farmers to help him with his doctorate and to protect him from attacks by national-liberal students. On May 16, 1908, Aldrian and his guests tried to break into the main building of Graz University with the support of the farmers. As a result, there was a wild brawl with hundreds of hostile students and the foyer was almost stormed, the doctorate had to be called off, the police ended the fighting. The Catholic farmers and students now moved to Graz Castle , where they held a rally and presented a petition to the governor. This so-called Grazer Bauernsturm evoked a tremendous media response and was a first step towards emancipation and self-assertion for the Catholic students. For the first time they had resisted and had taken action on their part.

The reaction was prompt. After a general strike by the national-liberal students, the universities across the Reich had to be temporarily closed, the 20th Foundation Festival of the Carolina took place under police protection, as the publication of their daughter association, Traungau Graz, was viewed as a provocation. On June 24th, the Carolinen, Traungauers and their guests were surrounded by 2000 national-liberal students and citizens in the Admonter Hof in Sackstraße, whereupon the military moved into the old town of Graz and restored peace in the city. However, the university semester had to be ended prematurely because of the ongoing student unrest.

In 1913, on the occasion of the 25th Foundation Festival, the military was deployed again in downtown Graz after national-liberal students had erected street barricades to stop the Carolina pageant. Since German citizens ( CVers ) were also injured in the clashes , the deployment in 1913 had diplomatic consequences.

Austrofascism

During Austrofascism , many members were involved on the part of the regime and actively helped to take military action against the opposition Social Democrats and other regime critics. According to the historian and political scientist Stephan Neuhäuser, at least 40 members of the Carolina Graz supported the Heimwehr and the Federal Army in various military formations during the Austrian Civil War . "In Graz, 70% of the active ÖCVers took part on the side of the government troops and home guards," said Neuhauser.

Prominent Carolinen, u. a. Josef Dobretsberger (Rector of the University of Graz 1937/38), on Leopold Kunschak's plan to bring about a reconciliation with the Social Democrats, but Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg feared that all bridges had been torn down and that reconciliation would no longer be possible.

Finally, the Carolinen got involved in the preparation of the referendum planned for March 1938 in favor of an independent Austria, the invasion of the German armed forces as part of the " Anschluss " ended this project.

The time in the underground (1938-1945)

Carolina, like all connections of the newly founded ÖCV, was extremely hostile to National Socialism . The fraternity house at Glockenspielplatz 7 was stormed by the SA on the day of the German invasion, the inventory in the courtyard was burned, and the house was confiscated as “property against the state”. Many members ended up in concentration camps , including Alfred Maleta (later President of the National Council), Friedrich Funder (founder of the weekly newspaper Die Furche ), and Karl Maria Stepan (former Styrian governor). We have survived a silent commemoration ceremony organized by Alfred Maleta in the Dachau concentration camp on August 18, 1938 for the 50th foundation festival, at which the members Stepan, v. Mörl, Aigner, Funder, Nestor and Maleta took part, the so-called “Dachaukommers”, in which an honor salamander was secretly celebrated with prison tea in honor of the connection.

When the later President of the National Council, Maleta, was released from the concentration camp, he discovered that the Carolinenhaus had been expropriated and was now serving as a registration office, where he had to queue for food stamps in the rededicated dance hall, the dance hall in which he had his future hall a few years earlier Had gotten to know his wife better.

Kapistran Preicher and Ludwig Mooslechner , two resistance fighters from the Carolinen circle, were executed during the Nazi regime.

From 1937 to 1945 Carolina was a suburb of the ÖCV , the active business was continued underground, in 1940 Carolina was able to establish the Alpinia Innsbruck as a secretly established association in the ÖCV. This admission was confirmed at the Cartel Assembly in 1946.

In 1943, a Catholic University Week was organized in Graz together with the Catholic University Youth, thereby improving contacts with members of the ÖCV in Vienna and Innsbruck.

After the end of the war in 1945, Carolina appeared again in public in colors, which was banned after a complaint, but shortly afterwards the English military authorities allowed the colors to be worn and the association was able to work and work in public again without being disturbed. In 1948 the association got their house back. Today the Carolina consists of around 400 members.

Activities in the association

For the first time the Carolina was in front of the CV as a suburban connection in 1910/11. At that time the KDV , the so-called small German cartel, was combined with the large CV. The Cartell meeting took place in Linz , the Upper Austrian workers' newspaper “Truth” referred to the CV as “Zevau” at the time, which caused amusement in corporate circles.

In 1937 Carolina took over the suburb of the newly founded ÖCV, but in March '38 Austria was connected and the ÖCV was immediately banned. In the underground, the Carolinen organized the cohesion of the association and carried out the establishment of a further Austria-loyal connection. The Carolina held the suburb until 1945/46, which is the longest suburban period of the CV, after which it was handed over to Norica Vienna , as the British occupation authorities initially distrusted the Carolina, but this changed quickly.

In 1952/53, Carolina once again held the suburb dignity.

At the instigation of Carolinen Maximilian Liebmann , the ÖCV's educational academy was set up in 1971 as a reaction to the intellectual demands of the 1968 movement; its offer is open to guests and ÖCVers.

In the academic year 2008/2009, after 55 years, members of the Carolina again made the presidium of the ÖCV student association (suburb).

Carolina Graz is number 3 in the association's internal order of the Austrian Cartell connections and was before that number 18 before the split between CV and ÖCV. The official abbreviation is Cl .

Known members

literature

  • 75 years Carolina, published by the association, Styria Verlag Graz 1963.
  • Gerhard Hartmann: Proven yesterday, ready today: 100 years of Carolina. published by Maximilian Liebmann on behalf of the old rulers of the K. Ö. HV Carolina, Styria Verlag 1988, 678 pages.
  • O old fellow glory. Styria Verlag, edition from 1979 (book about corporations, in which several images and information about Carolina can be found, in the 5th edition from 1997 no longer included)
  • Gerhard Popp: CV in Austria 1864–1938 . Hermann Böhlau, Vienna 1984, ISBN 3-205-08831-X .
  • S. Schieweck-Mauk: Lexicon of CV and ÖCV connections. Association for German Student History, Würzburg 1997 ISBN 3-89498-040-0 .
  • Gerhard Hartmann: The CV in Austria - Its origin, history and meaning. 3rd edition, Lahn-Verlag, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7840-3229-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ EH Eberhard: Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig, 1924/25, p. 169.
  2. ↑ Complete directory of the Austrian Cartel Association, printed edition 2009, pp. I – 39
  3. ↑ a b Gerhard Hartmann, with the collaboration of Dieter A. Binder, edited by Maximilian Liebmann: Proven in yesterday, ready today: 100 years Carolina - On the history of Verbandskatholizismus , Styria, 1988, ISBN 978-3-222-11831-9 , P. 40.
  4. ↑ Peter Urbanitsch (Ed.), Hannes Stekl: Small-town bourgeoisie in the Habsburg Monarchy: 1862-1914 . Böhlau, 2000, ISBN 3-205-98939-2 , p. 185.
  5. ↑ Walter Höflechner : The builders of future happiness: Fragment of a history of higher education in Austria from the end of the 19th century to 1938 . Academic printing and Publishing House, 1988, ISBN 978-3-201-01469-4 , p. 19.
  6. ↑ Gerhard Hartmann, with the collaboration of Dieter A. Binder , edited by Maximilian Liebmann: Proven in yesterday, ready today: 100 years Carolina . 1988, p. 402 ff.
  7. ^ Gerhard Hartmann: The CV in Austria: its origin, its history, its meaning . Lahn-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-7840-3229-0 , p. 44.
  8. ↑ a b Gerhard Hartmann: The CV in Austria: its origin, its history, its meaning . 2001, p. 45 ff.
  9. ↑ Peter Krause : O old lad glory . Styria Verlag, 5th revised edition, ISBN 978-3-222-12478-5 , p. 113.
  10. ^ Zeitgeschichte Volume 9, Geyer Edition, Vienna, 1982, p. 22.
  11. ↑ Gerhard Hartmann, with the collaboration of Dieter A. Binder, edited by Maximilian Liebmann: Proven in yesterday, ready today: 100 years Carolina . 1988, p. 180.

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