Catholic fraternity

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Catholic fraternities are one type of fraternity in the broad spectrum of the corporate landscape . Its special characteristics are on the one hand the common commitment to the Roman Catholic Church of all members and on the other hand the adoption of comments and customs from the older forms of association.

history

Catholic students did not emerge in an organized manner in the first three decades of the 19th century. This has its reasons also in the not yet founded Catholic associations. It was not until the exhibition of the holy skirt in Trier in 1844 that Catholic associations were initiated and, as a result, the Catholic Day was founded. The establishment of Catholic student associations, however, was mainly a reaction to the suppression of the Catholic population by the Protestant-dominated governments of the German states. Consequently, until the middle of the 19th century, Catholic students had to become active in one of the existing fraternities , corps or country teams if they wanted to join a corporation . As the Catholic connections became more and more important, the established connections reacted negatively. For example, the Catholic student associations in Germany and Austria have often been accused of so-called ultramontanism by the striking connections in history .

Colored student associations

In the middle of the 19th century, the emergence of Catholic associations in Germany also gave rise to Catholic associations, which took over a large part of the student customs and comments from the existing student associations. Only the duel and the scale were rejected by the Catholic connections from the start.

In Switzerland

The first Catholic student association was founded in Switzerland . The Swiss Student Association (SchwStV) was founded on August 31, 1841 as the umbrella organization of the Catholic-conservative, color-bearing, non-striking associations in Switzerland. It emerged as a political collective movement of Christian-conservative students and thus implicitly as a contrast to the Swiss Zofingerverein , which took a politically radical (i.e. progressive-liberal) basic stance. Accordingly, the SchwStV wanted to gather Christian, conservative forces against liberalism and radicalism . His motto was VIRTUS SCIENTIAE AMICITIA . Duel and scale were definitely forbidden. At the end of 1843, Helvetia Freiburg im Breisgau and Helvetia Monacensis in Munich were established as independent student associations . Like all early StV connections, Helvetia Freiburg was not explicitly founded as a Catholic connection, because Catholic and conservative were seen as synonymous at the time. The SchwStV only introduced the catholic principle as a fixed principle after 1877. So it can only be called the oldest Catholic student union in Germany to a limited extent.

Bonn

In 1844, the Trier bishop Wilhelm Arnoldi took a vacation in Bonn after the exhibition of the Holy Skirt in Trier . In his honor, Bonn's Catholic student body organized a torchlight procession. The 22-year-old theology student Johann Joseph von der Burg took part and was so impressed that he and six other students founded the first Catholic German student association, Bavaria Bonn, on November 15, 1844 .

The connection was so popular that in 1847 five subsidiary connections were founded in Bonn, Burgundia, Romania , Ruhrania , Salia and Thuringia . On July 5, 1847 they joined together to form a general association , which gave itself the motto Promotion of truth in knowledge and living through scientific and sociability . In the summer semester of 1849 the name was changed to Union . Not all member associations of the Union could hold out. In 1852 only Bavaria, Salia and Romania existed. The union disbanded in 1853 as a result of internal disputes. At the beginning of 1855 Bavaria and Romania merged to form a second union . This lasted until 1857 when both connections had to be suspended due to a lack of members.

Bavaria was activated again in 1861, only to be suspended again in 1867. It was only re-established in 1873. This means that Bavaria Bonn is not only the oldest Catholic German academic corporation, it is probably the oldest modern Catholic association in Germany after Helvetia Freiburg in the SchwStv .

Catholic color-bearing associations developed relatively independently of one another at other German university locations.

Novesia Bonn was founded in Bonn on January 10, 1863 . It gradually changed to a color-bearing connection until 1890.

The RKDB includes the KDB Winfridia Bonn (founded in 1900), the KDB Rheno-Guestphalia Bonn (founded in 1909 as Rheinstein zu Bonn) and the KDB Sigfridia Bonn (founded in 1910).

Muenster

On 17 December 1847, in Münster the Sauerlandia Munster founded, but (1885) adopted late in the Katholizitätsprinzip, you therefore founded on November 25, 1863 VKDSt Saxonia Münster called oldest Catholic fraternity Cathedral. The RKDB includes the KDB Alania Münster (founded in 1920) and the KDB Nibelungen Münster (founded in 1925).

Munich

In 1848 the high school student Franz Lorenz Gerbl founded the Catholic reading club for students for high school students in Munich . In the winter semester of 1849/1850 it was renamed Orthodoxia or Sophrosyne . This association was the nucleus of Aenania Munich, founded in 1851 .

For the other start-ups see the list of student associations in Munich .

Wroclaw

The next oldest connection is Winfridia Breslau and goes back to the reading club of Catholic students founded in 1849 . On July 17, 1856, it was decided to convert it to a compound and to wear colors.

Tübingen

On October 23, 1859 in Tübingen the Rhenania Tübingen founded. This was called Borussia Tübingen from 1860 and Guestfalia Tübingen from 1863 .

innsbruck

On June 9, 1864 in Innsbruck by Franz X. Schedle the Austria Innsbruck founded. He was impressed by the appearance of the existing Catholic connections and their spokesman, Georg von Hertling , co-founder of the Catholic Reading Club in Berlin and member of Aenania Munich, at the 15th Catholic Day in September 1863 in Frankfurt am Main .

Freiburg in Breisgau

In Freiburg im Breisgau there was already in the winter semester of 1856 the Catholic theological association Arminia with the colors blue-white-gold, but it dissolved again on May 12, 1857. The precursor of today's KDStV Arminia Freiburg, the Arminia I, was founded on December 18, 1874 in Freiburg as a theologians' association with the colors gold-green-violet, as a reaction to the Baden culture war with its hostility and persecution directed against the Catholic Church and to the closure of the Episcopal Konvikt, founded at the University of Freiburg. At the time of its existence there was a cartel with the Catholic-Theological Association Ripuaria Bonn. The Arminia I association disbanded voluntarily on February 18, 1886, after the Konvikt was reopened.

On March 1, 1897, the theological association Arminia II with the colors green-gold-violet was founded by members of the Aktivitas of Novesia Bonn. Some members of Arminia I could be won as Philistines. Due to the continuation of tradition and personal overlaps, Arminia II dates back to the founding of Arminia I. On March 20, 1897, Arminia turned into a theologian association and joined the KDV, to which Novesia Bonn also belonged. This association, also known as the “small CV”, existed parallel to the Cartell Association due to the singularity principle and consisted of four corporations at the time Arminia II joined, and then eight corporations at the time of the association's heyday.

Due to difficulties young Arminia joined on 1 December 1909, when the first compound from the KDV out, transformed the Catholic German student fraternity and took effect on 20 August 1910 the Cartellverband at. The other connections of the KDV successively followed the example of Arminia from 1911 to 1912.

In 1924, the Unitas Rheno-Danubia formed the KDB Normannia, then part of the RKDB .

Berlin

On November 7th, 1875, KAV Suevia was founded by Winfriden Bernhard Nadbyl from Breslau as the first association of the Cartell Association in Berlin. At that time they saw themselves as the spearhead of academic Catholicism in the middle of Protestant Prussia.

Marburg

On November 8, 1879, the VKDSt Rhenania Marburg was founded in traditionally Protestant Marburg after several unsuccessful attempts to establish it as the first Catholic association in Hesse. In 1880 this was included in the Cartell Association.

Leipzig

On November 19, 1879, the KDStV Burgundia was founded in Leipzig as the first Catholic student union in the diaspora .

Non-colored student associations

In the middle of the 19th century, non-colored student associations emerged, which only partially took over student customs and comments.

Berlin

In 1853 the Catholic Reading Association Berlin , the current KV Association Askania-Burgundia , was founded.

Wroclaw

On March 4, 1863, the Wroclaw Catholic Student Association was founded, which was re-established as Unitas on December 8, 1871 after being temporarily suspended .

Bonn

Wurzburg

On January 1st, 1864, the Walhalla Würzburg was founded in Würzburg .

Muenster

On March 7, 1864, the Germania Münster was founded in Münster .

Theological associations

A subspecies of the Catholic student union are the theologians' associations, which were founded in the mid-19th century in the vicinity of various seminaries and theological faculties.

Germany

Bonn

  • Today's KDStV Ripuaria Bonn was founded in Bonn in 1863 , at that time as a homiletic association of members of the Collegium Albertinum (Konvikt) .
  • VKTh Burgundia was founded in Bonn in 1896 .
  • On 18 May 1898, in Bonn , the K.Th.St.V. Colonia founded in the Albertinum in Bonn.
  • On June 27, 1900 the StVkTh Rhenofrankonia is founded.

Tübingen

In 1840 the non-striking and color-bearing Konvikts connection Danubia was founded in Wilhelmsstift , eight years later the Hercynia and the Staufia followed in 1848. Despite several bans in 1857 and 1869, with the exception of the Staufia, which was replaced by the Guelfia in 1870, all Konvikts connections were able to revive. The reason for these foundations was to maintain student traditions despite the church's ban on duels and scales , and it was almost the only way to leave the walls of the Wilhelmsstift. Most of the students were incorporated into one of the three theological societies, for example in the winter semester of 1890/91 156 of the 163 students at the Wilhelmsstift were members of the Konviktsverbindungen. They hit their pubs twice a week in the restaurants of the city of Tübingen, the convents were held in a lecture hall of the Wilhelmsstift.

Finally, the Konvikts connections were tolerated by the diocese and the house management, although the establishment of and membership in student connections was prohibited by house rules. The few who were not incorporated into the Konviktler were even regarded with suspicion because they were able to evade group control, because strict moral standards also applied in the Konvikts connections. Danubia, Hercynia and Guelfia existed continuously until their forced dissolution in 1936.

After the Second World War, in the tradition of the pre-war Konvikts connections, the colorful theological society AV Albertus Magnus was founded in 1958 and the old gentlemen from the previous connections were accepted into the old rulers. Initially founded as a connection for the students of the Wilhelmsstift, later the other theologians of the faculty were also admitted, since the 1990s the AV Albertus Magnus has been a mixed connection for Catholic students of all disciplines.

Switzerland

Chur

In autumn 1868 the AV Curiensis was founded in Chur as a theologian association.

Freiburg in Üechtland

The AV Leonina was founded on November 26th, 1896 in Freiburg im Üechtland .

Current organizational structures

Catholic fraternities are a sub-group of Christian fraternities that originally only accepted Catholic students .

  • Today only the largest Catholic umbrella organization in Germany ( CV ) and the two largest Catholic umbrella organizations in Austria ( ÖCV and KÖL ) accept exclusively Catholics.
  • Many only accept Protestant students with limited rights ( KV , UV and ÖKV ).
  • Some connections also accept Protestants without restrictions ( TCV , SchwStV , KVHV and RKDB ).

Germany

The Catholic corporation associations in Germany are:

These associations formed a working group for the first time as early as 1926, which is now the working group of Catholic student associations .

Austria

The Catholic corporation associations in Austria:

Switzerland

In Switzerland the most important Catholic corporation federation is:

Flanders

In Flanders the main Catholic corporation association is:

Europe

All Catholic corporation associations in German-speaking countries have joined forces with student associations from other countries in the European Cartel Association founded in 1975 . In addition to German, Austrian and Swiss student associations, associations from Belgium, France, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Hungary are also represented in this association. The European Cartel Association is open to all Christian denominations.

literature

  • Christopher Dowe: Also educated citizens. Catholic students and academics in the Kaiserreich , Göttingen 2006 (= critical studies on historical science , vol. 171).
  • Thomas Mayer: Catholic color students in the Kulturkampf. A study of the periodicals of Catholic corporations in the 19th century , Stein am Rhein (CH) 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Hans Eberhard: Handbook of the student liaison system at the universities of the German language area . Sachsenwald-Verlag, Leipzig 1924, p. 44 .
  2. Michael Doeberl , Alfred Bienengräber (Ed.): The academic Germany. Volume 2: The German universities and their academic citizens . CA Weller, Berlin 1931. p. 485.
  3. ^ Ernst Hans Eberhard: Handbook of the student liaison system at the universities of the German language area . Sachsenwald-Verlag, Leipzig 1924, p. 26 .
  4. Archive of Wilhelm pin D 14.1r Academic compounds Nos. 3: decree of the Episcopal Capitularvikariats Rottenburg to the Director of Wilhelm pin from October 15, 1869
  5. ibid. No. 2 lists of members
  6. Georg Schmidgall . The Tübingen Konviktoren and the connection system, in: Ellwanger Jahrbuch 14 (1947/1948), pp. 105-137.
  7. Robert Lukaschek and Joachim Kübler (eds.). Enchiridion historiae, morum et rationum Societatis Academicae Alberti Magni Tubingensis Tübingen 1994 (UB Tübingen signature AT 95 / 26-4).