Isar nuclear power plant
| Isar nuclear power plant | ||
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 36 '20 " N , 12 ° 17' 35" E | |
| Country: |
 Germany
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| Data | ||
| Owner: | Isar 1: PreussenElektra Isar 2: 75% PreussenElektra, 25% SWM |
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| Operator: | PreussenElektra | |
| Project start: | 1971 | |
| Commercial operation: | Isar 1: March 21, 1979 Isar 2: April 9, 1988 |
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| Shutdown: | Isar 1: 2011 | |
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Active reactors (gross): |
1 (1485 MW) | |
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Decommissioned reactors (gross): |
1 (912 MW) | |
| Energy fed in in 2018: | Isar 2: 11,477.22 GWh | |
| Energy fed in since commissioning: | Isar 1: 198,270 GWh Isar 2: 334,410 GWh |
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| Website: | PreussenElektra | |
| Was standing: | December 31, 2018 | |
| The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation . | ||
The Isar nuclear power plant (abbreviation KKI ), also called Isar / Ohu nuclear power plant, is located in Lower Bavaria, 14 kilometers downstream from Landshut , in the area of the Essenbach market . There are two structurally completely different reactors on the plant premises of the power plant (block 1: boiling water reactor , block 2: pressurized water reactor ). Only Unit 2 has been in operation since July 2011. Dismantling was requested for Block 1 and approved in 2017. Dismantling was requested for block 2.
history
General
The Niederaichbach nuclear power plant , which has since been completely dismantled, was located on the site .
Block 1 of the nuclear power plant ( Isar 1 ) belongs to 100% and Block 2 ( Isar 2 ) to 75% of PreussenElektra GmbH. A 25% share in Isar 2 belongs to the Munich municipal utilities.
On July 1, 2016, E.ON Kernkraft was renamed PreussenElektra as a result of the division of the E.ON Group into a new energy world and a conventional energy world .
KKI 1
Unit 1 is almost identical to three other German nuclear power plants, namely Brunsbüttel nuclear power plant (near Hamburg), Philippsburg nuclear power plant Unit 1 and Krümmel nuclear power plant , as well as the Austrian Zwentendorf nuclear power plant , which never went into operation after a referendum.
Isar 1 / Ohu became critical for the first time on November 20, 1977 . The block was synchronized with the grid for the first time on December 3, 1977 and commissioned on March 21, 1979.
According to the German nuclear consensus of June 2000, the NPP should be shut down by 2011. However, the amendment to the Atomic Energy Act passed in October 2010 allowed the term to be extended by eight years; accordingly, an operation would have been legally permissible until 2019. In accordance with the federal government's nuclear moratorium , the power plant was shut down on March 17, 2011 by an order from the Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment in accordance with Section 19 AtG ( imminent danger). Following the recent amendment to the Atomic Energy Act, which the Federal Council approved on July 6, 2011 ( nuclear phase-out / energy transition ), the power plant will likely remain offline forever.
The parliamentary group of the Greens (Bavaria) published an opinion in 2009 that sees the security of Isar 1 as critical. The CSU Landshut and the Upper Austrian provincial government called for in 2010 in a resolution the shutdown of Isar 1. The operator E.ON announced in September 2010 that they had invested 800 million euros since commissioning for modernization measures. After the start of the Fukushima nuclear disaster , it was announced that Block 1 would be temporarily shut down on March 15, 2011 for safety checks. On March 16, the operators announced that the power plant was not switched off, but that the output was reduced to 15% of full load. They hope to be able to resume normal operations after the three-month moratorium. On March 17th, the Bavarian Ministry of the Environment ordered Isar 1 to be shut down completely. On the same day at 4 p.m. the nuclear power plant was taken off the grid. After the plant was shut down on March 17, 2011 and the reactor was shut down by electrically retracting the control rods, a reactor shutdown was triggered via the criterion “too low level in the reactor pressure vessel” . The incident had no safety relevance and was announced on March 22, 2011. At the end of May 2011, the state and federal environment ministers decided to shut down Unit 1 permanently. With the decision of the federal government of June 30, 2011, Block 1 lost its authorization to operate. On May 10, 2012, the operator E.ON applied for the dismantling of the power plant. The reactor is in what is known as the ' post-operational phase '.
KKI 2
Isar 2 / Ohu consists of a pressurized water reactor of the Konvoi type and became critical for the first time on January 15, 1988 . The block was synchronized with the grid for the first time on January 22, 1988 and commissioned on April 9, 1988.
In the years 1994, 1999 to 2004, 2006, 2011 and 2013, the Isar 2 block was the nuclear power plant block with the highest annual production worldwide in terms of the total amount of energy produced . Two years after commissioning, Isar 2 was the block with the fifth-largest annual production worldwide and since then, with the exception of 1992, has always been in the top five.
The extension of the service life of the German nuclear power plants in autumn 2010 provided for the shutdown for 2034. According to the new resolutions of the governing coalition to accelerate the German nuclear phase-out after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima , the block will go offline earlier. The Atomic Energy Act , amended in 2011 , stipulates that Isar 2 will lose its operating license by December 31, 2022 at the latest, i.e. must be shut down ( Section 7 (1a ) AtG ). An earlier shutdown can result when the residual amount of electricity generated from 231.21 TWh from 1 January 2000 ( Annex 3 of the Atomic Energy ) and be no electricity quantities on Isar 2 transmitted.
On September 17, 2018, Unit 2 became the third nuclear power plant worldwide to pass the 350 billion kilowatt-hour mark, which has saved around 350 million tons of CO 2 since it was commissioned .
Since the statutory residual amount of electricity will be used up by mid-2020, PreussenElektra and SWM are negotiating with Vattenfall and RWE Power about the purchase of additional electricity from the decommissioned Krümmel , Brunsbüttel and Mülheim-Kärlich nuclear power plants .
Technical specifications
The Isar nuclear power plant has a total of two blocks . With a total of around 19,051 GWh in 2007, the power plant generated around three percent of the electrical energy generated in Germany in 2007. There is also an information center, an on- site interim storage facility and an independent plant fire brigade on the site . With a gross electrical output of 1,485 MW, Unit 2 is Germany's most powerful nuclear reactor.
The Niederaichbach hydropower plant is located near Block 1 of the nuclear power plant . If the two connections to the grid (380 kV and 110 kV backup supply ) and the generator in one of the two blocks fail, the hydropower plant can be disconnected from the grid and used as an additional emergency power supply for the two nuclear power plants via a direct connection.
| Reactor block | Reactor type | Construction line | Electrical power |
Thermal reactor power |
start of building | Network synchronization |
Commercial operation |
Shutdown | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| net | Gross | ||||||||
| Isar-1 (KKI 1) | Boiling water reactor | AEG construction line-'69 |
878 MW | 912 MW | 2,575 MW | May 1, 1972 | 3rd December 1977 | March 21, 1979 | March 17, 2011 |
| Isar-2 (KKI 2) | Pressurized water reactor | KWU construction line-'80 (convoy ) |
1,410 MW | 1,485 MW | 3,950 MW | September 15, 1982 | January 22, 1988 | April 9, 1988 | (December 31, 2022) |
Block 1
Unit 1 is equipped with a boiling water reactor from the AEG construction line -69 and has a gross electrical output of 912 MW and a net electrical output of 878 MW. The thermal reactor output is 2,575 MW. Until it was decommissioned in 2011, the reactor block fed 198,270 GWh into the Bavarian grid. The Isar was heated by a maximum of 2.5 degrees Celsius through the heat exchange at the turbine condenser (fresh water cooling) . Another cooling option were cell coolers with forced ventilation, which were used when the outside temperature and / or the amount of water in the Isar was not sufficient for cooling.
In Unit 1, 592 fuel elements with 91 and 96 fuel rods each were used.
Block 2
Unit 2 is a pressurized water reactor and has a gross electrical output of 1,485 MW and a net electrical output of 1,410 MW. Isar 2 is thus the most powerful German reactor and currently the ninth most powerful reactor block in the world. With a thermal reactor output of 3,950 MW, the efficiency is around 35%. Total production since commissioning has been over 350,000 GWh (as of September 17, 2018). A natural draft wet cooling tower with a height of 165 m was built for cooling . The reactor building is made of reinforced concrete and has a wall thickness of over one meter.
In 2016, the time availability was around 96 percent. The amount of electricity produced was around 12,000 GWh, which corresponds to around 12 percent of the electricity generated in Bavaria.
In January 2017, 36 new fuel elements (29th fuel element change) were last exchanged in Unit 2.
Events
Reportable Events
As of March 31, 2016, there have been 287 reportable events in Block 1 and 88 in Block 2 since commissioning .
- Block 1
- 1978: Steam erupted due to cracks in the pipeline system; longer standstill for repair work
- 1988: Slight damage from oxyhydrogen explosions is found on four valves
- 1991: Instability led to a rapid shutdown of the reactor.
- 2003 and 2006: Due to the heat waves in August 2003 and July 2006, the power had to be reduced in order not to let the temperature of the Isar rise above the temperature of 25 ° C set for water protection, as the cell cooling system at that time only for about 60% of the System performance was designed.
- February 2010: To replace two leaky fuel elements, the reactor was switched off to prevent an increase in radioactivity in the water cycle. The reactor went back online on February 12th.
- Block 2
- Between 1998 and 2005, 17 minor operating anomalies were reported.
As of May 1, 2015, there have been no reportable events with increased radioactivity emissions in the KKI since it went into operation.
Forwarding messages
Since 2001 there have been the following forwarding messages from the Society for Plant and Reactor Safety (GRS) regarding the KKI:
- Isar 1
- 2006/05: Temporary failure of Symphony assemblies on January 26, 2005
- 2006/08: Three-phase contactor failures
- 2010/06: Contact problems on simulation switches on XKU assemblies on March 14, 2008
- 2011/01: Findings of cracks on the reactor water purification pumps
- Isar 2
- no
Other events
On 30 March 1988, only 2 km crashed before the power plant complex southeast of Ohu a French Mirage - Fighter plane in a forest. The pilot was killed and the incident sparked a discussion about the safety of nuclear power plants in the event of a plane crash.
Fuel element interim storage facility (BELLA)
Technical specifications
An interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel elements with a max. A capacity of 152 containers with a heavy metal mass of 1,500 tons went into operation at the site in March 2007. A security wall was planned to be erected in the second half of 2016.
inventory
In 2015, the Bavarian State Government agreed with the Federal Environment Ministry to take back seven Castor containers with radioactive waste from the Sellafield reprocessing plant , which are to be stored at BELLA. The application for interim storage was submitted by the energy supplier on September 29, 2017. An application for a transport permit has not yet been submitted.
criticism
There is resistance on site against the storage of the seven containers. On October 25, 2018, the mayor of Niederaichbach started a petition against storage, which is supported by the Landshut district. Storage in the Gorleben transport cask storage facility is required.
Dismantling block 1
method
For the treatment (shredding, decontamination and clearance measurement) of the demolition materials, the construction of a residue processing center in the machine house of KKI 1 is planned. Several hundred fuel rods are currently in the spent fuel pools . From 2020, it will be possible to bring them to the BELLA packed in Castor containers.
procedure
The shutdown and dismantling was requested by PreussenElektra on May 1, 2012. On March 17, 2014, the environmental impact assessment process began. The objections were discussed in Essenbach on July 22nd. The year 2016 was targeted for the start of the dismantling.
In January 2017, the Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection approved the decommissioning and dismantling. From January 28 to February 10, 2017, the approval documents were available for inspection in the affected communities. The dismantling started in 2017; it should last about 15 years. The dismantling began in the machine house. It will be visible from the outside around 2030 with the conventional demolition.
The Federation of Nature Conservation has sued against the demolition permit. On December 11, 2018, the proceedings before the Administrative Court in Munich were opened.
costs
It is expected to cost around one billion euros.
criticism
The beginning of the demolition work is criticized as long as fuel rods are still stored in the spent fuel. There is also criticism of the limit values for the release of radioactive substances into the air and water during the dismantling and of the operator's plans to store the radioactive waste from the dismantling in a storage hall.
See also
- List of nuclear power plants
- List of nuclear reactors in Germany
- List of the most powerful nuclear reactors
- Reactor safety
Web links
- e-on: Isar information about the nuclear power plant . (PDF; 1.6 MB), brochure from the operator of the KK Isar
- Isar power plant on the side of the operator PreussenElektra
- Nuclear waste report: Nuclear power station Ohu 1 / Isar 1 . September 29, 2015, data collection for Block 1
- Nuclear waste report: Ohu 2 / Isar 2 nuclear power plant . September 29, 2015, data collection for Block 2
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c PreussenElektra: Isar 1 & 2 power plant . Online at www.preussenelektra.de, accessed on November 27, 2016.
- ↑ tagesschau.de: 2022 should be over, May 30, 2011. ( Memento from August 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Brochure from E.ON Corporate Communication , undated (from approx. 2000)
- ↑ Dismantling of nuclear power plant approved - Isar 1 disappears , heise online from January 24, 2017.
- ↑ Nuclear phase-out is getting closer: application for dismantling Isar 2 submitted May 9, 2019, accessed November 23, 2019 .
- ↑ idowa, Straubing Germany: Ohu: filed for the shutdown of Isar 2 - idowa. Retrieved January 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Landshuter Wochenblatt: E.ON Kernkraft becomes PreussenElektra . Online at www.wochenblatt.de, accessed on November 27, 2016.
- ^ PreussenElektra: Our story . Online at www.preussenelektra.de, accessed on November 27, 2016.
- ↑ Nuclear power - extension of service life despite security deficits in ARD magazine "kontraste", July 15, 2010
- ↑ July 22, 2009 ( Memento from March 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Abendzeitung: CSU and Austria against Isar 1 , July 24, 2010. ( Memento from July 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ ARD: tagesschau.de from September 13, 2010.
- ↑ Live ticker catastrophe in Japan on: Spiegel Online
- ↑ sueddeutsche.de
- ↑ BR-online: "The atomic age is coming to an end", March 17, 2011. ( Memento of May 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Press report on the shutdown of Isar 1 in: Mittelbayerische Zeitung , accessed March 3, 2011
- ↑ Press release eon-kernkraft.com ( Memento from December 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Press release eon-kernkraft.com ( Memento from August 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Badische Zeitung: Countries want the end of 7 nuclear power plants
- ↑ Isar nuclear power plant ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.eon.com.
- ^ Welt Online, May 10, 2012
- ↑ Free State of Bavaria: Reference from February 28, 2014 to the public announcement about the decommissioning and dismantling of the Isar 1 nuclear power plant (KKI 1) (Federal Gazette of March 5, 2014)
- ↑ www.eon-kernkraft.com ( Memento from January 22, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ The nuclear power plant with the highest annual production up to and including 2011 of 12.84 TWh is the Chooz nuclear power plant in 2008.
- ↑ a b Landshuter Zeitung: Early public participation has its pitfalls, July 23, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Landshuter Wochenblatt: No steam: Isar 2 changes fuel elements , January 18, 2017.
- ↑ Isar 2 nuclear power plant is the third nuclear power plant to generate 350 billion kilowatt hours of electricity worldwide. Retrieved November 25, 2018 .
- ↑ Exit city of Munich allows the purchase of nuclear power. In: newspaper for local economy . Association of Municipal Enterprises , September 26, 2018, accessed on July 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Basic paper compilation of plant-internal emergency protection measures and the examination of their regulation in the KTA. (PDF; 211 kB) Federal Office for Radiation Protection, office of the Nuclear Committee (KTA), accessed on April 15, 2009 (Table 3.1: Status of implementation of the measures for internal emergency protection in nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactors).
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Germany, Federal Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Merkel sees the energy transition as a "huge opportunity", May 31, 2011. ( Memento from August 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Isar nuclear power plant, block 1: Inspection of fuel elements completed ( Memento from January 22, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Press release eon-kernkraft.com
- ↑ PRIS - Reactor Details. Retrieved March 12, 2019 .
- ^ Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Nuclear Power Plants in Germany: Notifiable Events since Commissioning ( Memento of May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Online at www.bfs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Der Spiegel: A certain routine . July 17, 1978, online at www.spiegel.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Overview of special incidents in nuclear power plants in the Federal Republic of Germany for the year 1988, pages 7 and 9 (PDF; 759 kB) ( Memento from January 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b DiePresse.com: How safe are nuclear power plants on Austria's borders? . March 16, 2011, online at diepresse.com, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Robin Wood e. V .: Isar / Ohu-1 (KKI-1) ( Memento from April 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). March 2006, online at www.robinwood.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ^ Passauer Neue Presse: Nuclear power in Bavaria: Great hopes, failed projects, repeated problems with Isar 1 . March 14, 2011, online at www.pnp.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Water management report (PDF) Bavarian State Office for Water Management
- ↑ Isar 1 nuclear power plant back on the grid . In: sueddeutsche.de , February 2010.
- ↑ Federal Office for Radiation Protection: Reportable events with increased activity charges and exceeding of limit values ( Memento of May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). May 1, 2015, online at www.bfs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ German Bundestag Printed Matter 17/6731 - response of the federal government . PDF. August 3, 2011, online at dipbt.bundestag.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Society for Plant and Reactor Safety: Further development of the requirements for the timely detection and control of corrosion-supported crack growth on safety-relevant pressure-bearing components - final report . PDF. July 2012, online at www.grs.de, accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ It smells like war . In: Der Spiegel . No. 14 , 1988 ( online ).
- ^ German Atomic Forum e. V .: Nuclear Energy - Current 2007 , Chapter Intermediate Storage / Transport . Berlin, September 2007.
- ↑ Landshuter Wochenblatt: KKI: What happens if a terrorist group attacks? , May 11, 2016.
- ↑ Der Tagesspiegel: Bavaria is now also taking back its nuclear waste , December 8, 2015, online at www.tagesspiegel.de, accessed on December 22, 2018.
- ↑ Federal Office for Nuclear Waste Disposal Safety: Taking back and transporting back radioactive waste from reprocessing , September 17, 2018, online at www.bfe.bund.de, accessed on December 22, 2018.
- ↑ regio-aktuell 24: Signatures for petition against the storage of foreign castors with radioactive waste , October 31, 2018, online at www.regio-aktuell24.de, accessed on December 22, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e Landshuter Wochenblatt: KKI 1: The dismantling can begin , January 25, 2017.
- ↑ a b Landshuter Wochenblatt: The other socket end , May 11, 2016.
- ↑ Decommissioning of Isar 1 nuclear power plant: Environmental impact assessment procedure started ( memento of October 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Landshuter Zeitung: Lack of information criticized, July 23, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Landshuter Zeitung: Dismantling Isar 1 is "highly dangerous" , December 22, 2018.
