Schwäbisch Hall church district
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Regional Church : | Evangelical Church in Württemberg |
| Prelature : | Heilbronn |
| Area : | 396 km² |
| Structure: | 40 parishes |
| Parishioners: | approx. 38,285 (December 31, 2009) |
| Address of the Dean's Office : |
Pfarrgasse 18 74523 Schwäbisch Hall |
| Dean : | Anne-Kathrin Kruse |
| map | |
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The Evangelical Church District Schwäbisch Hall is one of 44 church districts or church districts of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . Its area is congruent with the deanery Schwäbisch Hall.
geography
The church district Schwäbisch Hall is in the north of the Württemberg regional church. Its area includes the southwest of the Schwäbisch Hall district , i.e. the area of the political cities and communities Braunsbach (only partially), Ilshofen (excluding the Ruppertshofen district), Mainhardt , Michelfeld , Rosengarten , Schwäbisch Hall , Untermünkheim , Vellberg and Wolpertshausen .
Neighboring church districts
The church district Schwäbisch Hall borders on the following church districts, which all belong to the Heilbronn Prelature (clockwise starting in the north): Künzelsau , Blaufelden , Crailsheim , Gaildorf , Backnang , Weinsberg and Öhringen .
history
Before 1803 the area of today's deanery or church district Schwäbisch Hall belonged predominantly to the imperial city of Hall. This introduced the Reformation in 1522, so that the area is predominantly evangelical. The preacher to St. Michael was also the dean of the imperial city. Smaller areas were also Hohenlohe, Ansbach or belonged to smaller rulers. These sovereigns also introduced the Reformation early on. After the transition to Württemberg in 1802, the city became the seat of a Württemberg deanery from 1803, which initially belonged to the Schwäbisch Hall Generalate . After its dissolution in 1913, the Heilbronn Generalate came to be, from which today's Heilbronn Prelature emerged.
As a result of the dissolution of some districts or higher offices in Württemberg in 1939, the church administrative districts were also partially restructured. With effect from April 1, 1939, the parishes of Gnadental and Neunkirchen were reclassified from the parish of Öhringen and the parish of Mainhardt from the parish of Weinsberg to the parish of Schwäbisch Hall.
Head of the church district
The church district is managed by the district synod , the church district committee (KBA) and the dean. The current dean has been Richard Haug (* 1948) since 2000, who is also one of the pastors at the Michaelskirche in Schwäbisch Hall .
Deans of the church district Schwäbisch Hall since 1803
- 1803–1812 Johann Christian Friedrich Dötschmann; preacher and superintendent in Hall from 1789
- 1812–1830 Franz Christian Neuffer
- 1830–1853 Christian Ludwig Eytel
- 1853–1877 Dr. Wilhelm Ludwig Wullen
- 1878–1882 D. Karl Rudolf von Schmid (1828–1907)
- 1882–1891 Oskar Achilles von Schwarzkopf (1838–1903)
- 1891–1913 Christian Friedrich Lang (1841–1913)
- 1913–1920 D. Gustav Groß (1864–1943) (1920 Eugen Majer was dean's administrator)
- 1920–1929 Johann Georg Horn (1858–1936)
- 1929–1934 Paul Metzger (1869–1937)
- 1935–1951 Hermann Roller (1889–1958)
- 1951–1965 Julius Eichler
- 1965–1973 Karl Friz (* 1907)
- 1973–1992 Ernst Brennberger (1927–1996)
- 1992–1999 Paul Dieterich (* 1941)
- Since 2000 Richard Haug (* 1948)
- from autumn 2011 Anne-Kathrin Kruse
Parishes
There are a total of 40 parishes in the Schwäbisch Hall church district. Of these, 26 parishes have joined together to form a total of ten total parishes, but remain independent corporations under public law. The parish numbers given in brackets after the name of the parish relate to the year 2005 and have been rounded.
Until December 31, 2006, the parish of Untersontheim was part of the Schwäbisch Hall church district. On January 1, 2007, this moved to the Gaildorf church district.
The area of the church district Schwäbisch Hall belonged predominantly to the imperial city Schwäbisch Hall, which introduced the Reformation from 1522. Therefore, the area is predominantly evangelical. There is therefore a Protestant parish and mostly an old church in almost every village. In most places Catholics did not move in until after the Second World War.
Parish of Bibersfeld
The parish of Bibersfeld (approx. 1,200) includes the district of Bibersfeld with the associated hamlets (excluding Sittenhardt) of the city of Schwäbisch Hall and the hamlet of Raibach of the municipality of Rosengarten. The hamlet of Starkholzbach, which belongs to Bibersfeld, was only reclassified from the parish of Michelfeld to the parish of Bibersfeld with effect from November 11, 2007. Furthermore, the hamlet of Wielandsweiler belonged partially to the neighboring parish of Rieden until 1947 and was completely assigned to the parish of Bibersfeld by an announcement on March 7, 1947.
The Margaret Chapel in the village center of Bibersfeld, mentioned in 1397, was a branch of Westheim. In 1453 it became its own parish. The patronage was the Murrhardt Monastery . After the Reformation, it fell to Württemberg, which exercised it together with the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. The current church was built in 1869 in neo-Gothic style. The tower of the previous church was retained. In 1995 the community received a community hall.
Complete parish of Braunsbach
The total parish of Braunsbach was created with effect from January 1, 2011 from the (total) parishes of Braunsbach, Döttingen-Steinkirchen, Orlach-Jungholzhausen and Geislingen.
Parish of Braunsbach
The parish of Braunsbach (approx. 530) includes the core of the community of Braunsbach. The district of Geislingen am Kocher forms its own parish. The district of Arnsdorf belongs to the neighboring parish of Eschental ( parish of Öhringen ). The parishes of the districts of Döttingen and Steinkirchen belong to the parish of Künzelsau , to which the parish of Braunsbach itself belonged until 1947, before it was reclassified to the parish of Schwäbisch Hall with effect from April 1, 1947.
The Bonifatiuskirche was first mentioned in 1310, but is probably older. It probably dates from the 12th century. The tower with its Romanesque choir and the north wall of the church are preserved from the old chapel. In 1529 the first Protestant pastor of the place preached here. In 1607, Wolfgang von Crailsheim had the old Romanesque church extended to the southwest in the late Gothic style.
Parish of Döttingen
The parish of Döttingen (approx.) Includes the district of Döttingen of the community of Braunsbach. A church of St. Martin is mentioned for the first time as early as 1307. Hohenlohe bought the patronage right and introduced the Reformation. In 1564 the parish of the neighboring village of Jungholzhausen was incorporated. This place was reclassified to the church district Schwäbisch Hall by an announcement of the upper church council of August 15, 1934 and assigned to the parish of Orlach (municipality of Braunsbach).
Today's parish church in Döttingen was rebuilt in 1783 as a hall building. The parish in Döttingen also looks after the neighboring parish of Steinkirchen.
Former general parish of Döttingen
The entire parish of Döttingen (approx. 400), which existed from 1972 to 2010, comprised the districts of Döttingen and Steinkirchen in the community of Braunsbach. It was established by the notice of the Oberkirchenrat on July 31, 1972 and consisted of the two subsequent parishes of Döttingen and Steinkirchen. In a letter dated May 12, 1972, the Ministry of Education recognized the entire church community in Döttingen as a public corporation.
As early as 1934 there was a total parish of Döttingen, consisting of the two parishes of Döttingen and Jungholzhausen. Through the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on August 15, 1934, the former parish of Jungholzhausen was separated from the overall parish of Döttingen, reclassified to the Schwäbisch Hall church district and assigned to the local parish of Orlach, with whose parish Jungholzhausen has since formed the new Orlach overall parish.
With effect from January 1, 2011, the entire parish moved to the Schwäbisch Hall church district and formed the new Braunsbach community together with the other Braunsbach parishes.
Parish of Steinkirchen
The parish of Steinkirchen (approx.) Includes the Steinkirchen part of the community of Braunsbach. A church in the walled churchyard was first mentioned in 1248, but is probably older. Via the Comburg monastery, the patronage rights of the church in Steinkirchen, together with Reinsberg and Michelfeld, came to Würzburg in 1287, which formed the Obley Steinkirchen. After that the place was pledged several times and fell back to Comburg in the 16th century. Hohenlohe was still able to introduce the Reformation. The choir tower church with its early Gothic vault has ashlar masonry in the basement with half-timbering and a tiled roof above. The nave, a simple hall, was enlarged in 1756. The parish is also looked after by the Döttingen parish.
Parish of Geislingen am Kocher
The parish Geislingen am Kocher (approx. 300) includes the district Geislingen am Kocher of the community Braunsbach. In terms of the church, Geislingen am Kocher initially belonged to Untermünkheim, but a chapel is named as early as 1382, which was called St. Veit Chapel from 1470 when an early measurement fund was founded there. After the Reformation, Geislingen am Kocher became its own parish. Today's church has a nave from 1788 with a Gothic base and transverse to the tower. In 1963 the church was redesigned. Since then, the tower choir has served as a baptistery.
Jungholzhausen parish
The parish of Jungholzhausen includes the district of Jungholzhausen and the associated hamlets of the community of Braunsbach. A parish was mentioned in Jungholzhausen as early as 1285, when the patronage of Limpurg passed to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. In 1565 it was exchanged for Hohenlohe. After that the place belonged to the parish Döttingen in the church district Künzelsau until the 20th century. On August 15, 1934, the parish of Jungholzhausen was reclassified from the Künzelsau parish to the Schwäbisch Hall parish. The parish was then looked after by the Orlach parish, with whose parish it formed the Orlach parish until 2010. The current church in Jungholzhausen was rebuilt in 1777. Remnants of the wall from the 14th century were included. The altar crucifix dates from 1717.
Parish of Orlach
The parish Orlach includes the district Orlach with the associated hamlets of the community Braunsbach. A parish is mentioned in Orlach as early as 1236. Via Würzburg and Crailsheim the place came to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall in 1697. The Reformation had already been introduced in 1540. Today's Kilian Church dates from 1705 when a new nave with a flat-roofed hall was added to a Romanesque tower. The predecessor ship may have fallen victim to a fire. The tower was probably built in the 12th century. During the renovation in 2002, frescoes from the 12th century were found in the tower.
Inside, a baroque crucifix, a Baptist figure and a silver candlestick as well as a picture of Jesus' last supper are preserved. Until 1701 the places Altenberg and Niedersteinach belonged to the parish of Orlach. In 1934 the parish of Jungholzhausen, previously part of Döttingen, was assigned to the parish of Orlach. Both parishes thus form a single parish.
Parish of Enslingen
The parish of Enslingen (approx. 600) includes the Enslingen district of the Untermünkheim community. In terms of church, Enslingen was initially a branch of Untermünkheim. A chapel of St. Briccius was mentioned as early as 1392, but is probably older. In 1405 a chaplaincy was founded in Enslingen. In 1414 the chapel was rebuilt. After the Reformation, the Hohenlohe people established a diaconate, which was occupied alternately by Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg. Today's church still has a Gothic cross-rib vaulted tower choir with paintings and a Romanesque arch. The ship was expanded in 1738 and 1845. The pulpit dates from 1577.
General parish of Gailenkirchen
The entire parish of Gailenkirchen (approx. 1,400) includes the district of Gailenkirchen with the associated hamlets, including Gottwollshausen, the city of Schwäbisch Hall. It consists of the two parishes of Gailenkirchen and Gottwollshausen.
Gailenkirchen parish
The parish of Gailenkirchen includes the district of Gailenkirchen and its associated hamlets Wackershofen and Gliemenhof of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. A church in Gailenkirchen is mentioned as early as 1285. From 1487 it is called the Church of St. Maria. The patronage had Hohenlohe, later alternately Limpurg, from 1541 Hohenlohe alone again. The choir tower church from the late Romanesque period also has Gothic elements. The originally Gothic nave was rebuilt in 1929.
Until 1948, the hamlet of Neuhofen also belonged to the Gailenkirchen parish. By the announcement of the upper church council on October 5, 1948, this was reclassified to the parish of Gottwollshausen.
Church community Gottwollshausen
The Gottwollshausen parish includes the hamlets Gottwollshausen , Neuhofen and Sülz belonging to the Gailenkirchen district of the city of Schwäbisch Hall , whereby Neuhofen was only reclassified from the Gailenkirchen parish to the Gottwollshausen parish following an announcement by the Upper Church Council on October 5, 1948. A church is first mentioned in Gottwollshausen in 1285, but is said to be older. Today's Georgskirche was consecrated in 1385. It was built on the site of the former castle of the Lords of Gottwollshausen and was left to the Johanniterkommende at the time. The late Gothic church with a tower choir has frescoes on the north wall. After the Reformation, the Johanneskirche was one of the parish churches in Schwäbisch Hall. In 1812 the parish was abolished. Gottwollshausen, however, still forms its own parish today, which is looked after by the Gailenkirchen rectory.
Total parish of Gelbingen
The total parish of Gelbingen (approx. 1,000; also called parishes of Gelbingen and Eltershofen ) comprises the districts of Eltershofen , Gelbingen and Weckrieden of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. It consists of the two parishes of Eltershofen and Gelbingen.
Parish of Gelbingen
The parish of Gelbingen comprises the districts of Gelbingen , Erlach and Weckrieden of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. The church center of the three places was originally Erlach. A church was mentioned there as early as 1248. In 1314 it was awarded to the Eberhart from Haller Comburg. In 1422 it was incorporated into the monastery. Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation. The Heiligkreuzkirche , a former fortified church, has a Romanesque foundation that was changed in the Gothic period. Inside there is a Romanesque font.
Gelbingen initially belonged to Erlach. In 1342, the Eberhart family from Hall founded a chaplaincy and built a chapel dedicated to Saint Mary, both Johannes and Katharina. Eberhart had the patronage as a Comburg fiefdom. In 1422 the chapel was incorporated into the Comburg monastery and belonged to the Erlach parish. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall pushed through the Reformation. The chapel was later elevated to a parish church. The Gothic Johanneskirche burned down completely in 1945 and was rebuilt in 1949/50, with the new nave being moved to the east side because of the neighboring street. The Gothic tower with the former tower choir was integrated into the new building, but redesigned as a new entrance hall.
Today, Gelbingen is the seat of the common parish, to which the neighboring village of Weckrieden also belongs. Weckrieden, which has no church, originally belonged to Erlach. When Gelbingen became a parish, Weckrieden was also assigned to the parish.
Parish of Eltershofen
The Eltershofen parish includes the Eltershofen district with the Breitenstein residential area of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. Ecclesiastically Eltershofen belonged first to Geislingen, from 1468 to Untermünkheim and from 1807 to the parish of Gelbingen. But the place already had a chapel of St. Magdalena, which was first mentioned in 1422. The current church was rebuilt in 1769.
Overall parish of Großaltdorf
The total parish of Großaltdorf (approx. 850) includes the district of Großaltdorf with the associated hamlets of Kleinaltdorf and Lorenzenzimmern of the city of Vellberg. It was formed by the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on April 18, 1972 and consists of the two subsequent parishes Großaltdorf and Lorenzenzimmern. In a letter dated February 22, 1972, the Ministry of Culture recognized the entire parish of Großaltdorf as a public corporation.
Großaltdorf parish
The parish Großaltdorf includes the district Großaltdorf with the associated hamlet Kleinaltdorf of the city of Vellberg. A chapel was first mentioned in 1285. In 1489 it was called St. Michael, in 1513 St. Sebastian and Margarete. It was a branch of Stöckenburg . After the Reformation, Großaltdorf and Kleinaltdorf had their own pastor, but stayed with the parish of Stöckenburg. The pastor was appointed jointly by Hohenlohe and the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. The old church was replaced by a new building in 1835. This Bartholomäuskirche was destroyed in 1945 and rebuilt from 1949 to 1950.
Church parish Lorenzenzimmern
The parish Lorenzenzimmern comprises the hamlet of Lorenzenzimmern in the Großaltdorf district of the city of Vellberg. A church is first mentioned in Lorenzzimmer in 1285. From 1329 it is called St. Laurentius Church. The patronage came in 1550 from the Lords of Gemmingen zu Bürg to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. In 1410 the church was rebuilt, but demolished in 1840. Today's Laurentius or Lorenz Church was built on the same spot . The tower from 1564 was retained. In 1914 the parish was downgraded to parish administration and in 1948 it was merged with the parish of Großaltdorf. The parish of Lorenzenzimmern remained independent.
Matthäuskirchengemeinde Hessental
The Matthäuskirchengemeinde Hessental (approx. 2,700) comprises the Hessental district of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. Ecclesiastically, Hessental initially belonged to Steinbach. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation and allocated the residents to the parish of Tüngental, but later formed its own branch parish within the overall parish of Tüngental. By the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on January 31, 1940, the branch parish of Hessental was separated from the mother parish of Tüngental and made an independent parish. At the same time the entire parish of Tüngental was abolished. Hessental became its own parish in 1946, after a parish administration had already been founded.
The Matthäuskirche in Hessental was destroyed by an air raid during the Second World War in 1944, but rebuilt from 1949 to 1951. The tower choir dates back to Roman times. The lower parts of the tower and nave are the remains of a former castle. With effect from October 20, 2000, the parish of Hessental was renamed to Matthäuskirchengemeinde Hessental. Today the Matthäuskirchengemeinde Hessental is looked after by two pastors.
Through the announcement of the upper church council of January 22, 1953, there was a small area adjustment in the area of the airfield between the parish of Hessental and the neighboring parish of Tüngental in favor of Tüngental.
Parish of Ilshofen
The parish of Ilshofen (approx. 1,900) comprises the core town of Ilshofen. In terms of church, Ilshofen initially belonged to Lendsiedel, but a parish church is mentioned in Ilshofen as early as 1285. In 1494 she was called St. Petronilla. The right of patronage came to the Goldbach monastery via Hohenlohe , then came back to Hohenlohe and finally in 1562 to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall, which had already appointed a Protestant pastor in 1532. The current church was only rebuilt in 1830. The late Gothic tower of the previous church was retained. The church was badly damaged in World War II, but was rebuilt afterwards.
General parish of Mainhardter Wald
The overall parish of Mainhardter Wald includes the community of Mainhardt. It was formed on January 1, 2004 from the three subsequent parishes Bubenorbis, Geißelhardt and Mainhardt. The parish of Geißelhardt was only reclassified from the parish of Öhringen to the parish of Schwäbisch Hall on January 1, 2003.
Bubenorbis parish
The parish of Bubenorbis (approx. 1,200) includes the district of Bubenorbis with the associated hamlets of the municipality of Mainhardt. In church terms, Bubenorbis was initially a branch of Michelfeld. In 1866 the place became a parish administration and in 1904 its own parish. The St. Margareta Chapel, built in 1485 and now the parish church, was restored in 1902. It is a late Gothic choir tower church with a cross-rib vaulted tower choir. A winged altar from 1485 can be seen inside. The altar cross dates from 1680.
Until 1910, the Neunkirchen branch parish also belonged to the Bubenorbis parish. By the announcement of the consistory of August 29, 1910, the Neunkirchen branch parish was reclassified to the neighboring parish of Öhringen and assigned to the Gnadental parish. Since 1939, however, the Gnadental parish also belonged to the Schwäbisch Hall church district.
Geißelhardt parish
The parish Geißelhardt (approx. 900) includes the district Geißelhardt with the associated hamlets of the parish Mainhardt. The largest hamlet is Lachweiler. Ecclesiastically Geißelhardt initially belonged to Mainhardt. In 1862 the place became a parish administration and in 1881 its own parish, after its own church had been built between 1873 and 1875. Until 2002 the parish Geißelhardt belonged to the parish of Öhringen and was reclassified to the parish of Schwäbisch Hall on January 1, 2003.
Mainhardt parish
The parish of Mainhardt (approx. 1,550) comprises the main town as well as the districts of Ammertsweiler and Hütten and all the associated hamlets of the parish of Mainhardt, whereby the Rösersmühle was only transferred from the parish of Grab (parish of Backnang) to the parish of Mainhardt by an announcement by the Upper Church Council on June 19, 1933 was reclassified.
A parish church of St. Veit was first mentioned in Mainhardt in 1394. The patronage came from Löwenstein through the Lords of Weinsberg in 1416 to Hohenlohe, who introduced the Reformation. The parish was partially vacant. The current church was only built between 1848 and 1850. With 3,000 seats, it is one of the largest village churches. In 1854 a two-manual romantic organ from the Laukhuff company from Weikersheim was installed. In 1936 electrical lighting was installed in the church and an organ motor was also purchased. Since the church originally had no heating and was very cold due to its size, it was built in 1938 according to plans by architect Dr. A winter hall was quickly built into the church, which offered space for 400 people and could be heated with a wood stove. After the Second World War, the church was rebuilt from 1960 to 1962 according to plans by the Schorndorf architect Peter Haag. The second gallery was taken out. In addition, a parish hall with modern group rooms was built by separating about a quarter of the area of the church. A gilded wooden cross stands on the altar.
Until 1939 the parish of Mainhardt belonged to the Weinsberg church district. With effect from April 1, 1939, it was reclassified to the Schwäbisch Hall church district.
General parish Michelfeld-Gnadental-Neunkirchen
The total parish of Michelfeld-Gnadental-Neunkirchen (approx. 2,250) includes the parish of Michelfeld. It was formed in 1971 from the two parishes Gnadental and Neunkirchen under the name "Gesamtkirchengemeinde Gnadental" and initially only included the district Gnadental with the associated hamlets and the hamlets Wagrain, Lemberg, Hinterer Schöppberg with Pfeiffershäusle and Neunkirchen of the Michelfeld community. With effect from January 1, 2008, the parish of Michelfeld was incorporated into the general parish of Gnadental, which was also renamed the general parish of Michelfeld-Gnadental-Neunkirchen.
Parish Gnadental
The parish Gnadental includes the district Gnadental (with the associated hamlets) as well as the hamlets Wagrain, Lemberg and Hinterer Schöppberg with Pfeiffershäusle of the main town of the municipality Michelfeld. The latter were only assigned to the Gnadental parish by the parish of Michelfeld following an announcement by the Oberkirchenrat on January 4, 1968. The center of the Gnadental parish are the remains of a Cistercian monastery, which was first mentioned in the 13th century. Konrad von Krautheim and his wife Kunigunde von Eberstein moved the Hohebach Monastery, which they founded in 1243, to Gnadental in 1245. The protective bailiff over the monastery had Hohenlohe, which provided it with plenty of goods. His possessions increased so much that by 1423 they received taxes from 223 locations. During the Reformation, Hohenlohe dissolved the monastery and established a Protestant parish in Gnadental in 1557. The convent building of the monastery served as a parish and school house. The monastery church became the parish church of St. Maria. The construction dates from the middle of the 13th century. It is a single-nave hall church with a vaulted choir square. Around 1500 the church was Gothic changed. In the vestibule of the church there are grave monuments of the monastery donors and several abbesses. The church was renovated in 1925 and 1961 to 1964.
Until 1939 the parish Gnadental belonged to the parish of Öhringen. With effect from April 1, 1939, it was reclassified to the Schwäbisch Hall church district.
Parish Michelfeld
The parish of Michelfeld (approx. 1,400) includes the main town and some associated hamlets (excluding Wagrain, Lemberg, Hinterer Schöppberg and Neunkirchen; the latter has its own parish) of the Michelfeld parish. The Michelfelder district Gnadental also forms its own parish. A church in Michelfeld was mentioned as early as 1248 when the patronage of Würzburg was awarded to the Comburg monastery. In 1287 Würzburg took back the patronage. In 1481 the church was named St. Peter and Paul Church. In 1575 Würzburg sold the patronage to Comburg. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation. The church is in a fortified cemetery. The tower choir is vaulted with ribs. The wooden figures on an altar date from around 1500.
The hamlets of Wagrain, Lemberg and Hinterer Schöppberg with Pfeiffershäusle were assigned to the parish Gnadental by the parish of Michelfeld by an announcement by the Oberkirchenrat on January 4, 1968. Until 2007, the hamlet of Starkholzbach belonging to Bibersfeld also belonged to the parish of Michelfeld. With effect from November 11, 2007 this was assigned to the parish of Bibersfeld.
The parish of Michelfeld was incorporated into the general parish of Gnadental with effect from January 1, 2008, which was also renamed the general parish of Michelfeld-Gnadental-Neunkirchen.
Parish of Neunkirchen
The parish of Neunkirchen includes the hamlet of Neunkirchen in the Michelfeld parish. In contrast to the old church in Schuppach, the Johanneskirche Neunkirchen was called the new church. This gave the place its name. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation. After that, the place ecclesiastically belonged to the parish Michelfeld. Due to the unstable subsoil, repair and renovation work on the church was repeatedly necessary. In 1841 a thorough renovation of the church was necessary. Only the late Gothic crucifix on the altar and the remains of an apostle fresco showing the apostles John and James remain from the original church.
From 1866 Neunkirchen belonged to the Bubenorbis parish or formed a branch parish of Bubenorbis in the church district of Schwäbisch Hall. On October 1, 1910, she was assigned to the Gnadental parish in the parish of Öhringen. With effect from April 1, 1939, the Neunkirchen parish then moved (again) to the Schwäbisch Hall church district. Since 1971 the parish of Neunkirchen and the parishes of Gnadental have formed a single parish.
Parish of Oberaspach
The parish of Oberaspach (approx. 1,150) comprises the districts of Eckartshausen and Unteraspach (with the hamlets of Oberaspach, Gaugshausen, Steinbächle and Lerchenmühle) of the city of Ilshofen, which until the 20th century belonged to the parishes of Eckartshausen, Großaltdorf, Unteraspach and Vellberg. The main church town was and is Oberaspach, whose church St. Kilian was consecrated in 1217 according to current knowledge. Possibly. but there was already another church in the same place. The patronage came to the Anhausen monastery through Jörg von Bebenburg. Ansbach introduced the Reformation and from then on had the right of patronage, while the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall had the right of episcopate. In the great village fire in 1634 during the Thirty Years War , the church and rectory were preserved. The ship was expanded in 1756. However, the Romanesque tower choir was preserved. There are no churches in Unteraspach or the associated hamlets. In 1974 a parish hall with a church hall was built in Eckartshausen. The hamlet of Oberscheffach is part of the church of Sulzdorf.
Overall parish of Obersteinach
The total parish of Obersteinach (approx. 550) includes the district of Obersteinach with the associated hamlets of Altenberg, Söllbot, Sandelsbronn, Niedersteinach and Windisch-Brachbach of the city of Ilshofen and the district of Haßfelden with the hamlet of Landturm of the municipality of Wolpertshausen. It was formed in 1976 from the three parishes Altenberg, Haßfelden and Obersteinach, which had only been reclassified from the parish of Langenburg to the parish of Schwäbisch Hall with effect from January 1, 1976 ; Haßfelden had already belonged to the Schwäbisch Hall church district until 1934.
Parish Altenberg
The Altenberg parish (approx. 50) includes the hamlet of Altenberg in the Ilshofen district of Obersteinach. In terms of church, Altenberg initially belonged to Orlach. A chapel of St. Margaret was first mentioned in 1450. After the patronage rights had passed to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall, the chapel was looked after by the Braunsbach pastor. The Lords of Gemmingen elevated the chapel to a parish church in 1708. In 1773 it was expanded structurally. In 1880 the parish was merged with the neighboring parish of Haßfelden.
Until 1937 the hamlet of Niedersteinach also belonged to the Altenberg parish. By announcement of March 10, 1937, this was reclassified to the parish of Obersteinach.
Parish of Haßfelden
The parish of Haßfelden includes the residential area Haßfelden with the associated hamlet Landturm of the municipality of Wolpertshausen. The main town Wolpertshausen belongs to the parish of Reinsberg. The Michaelskirche Haßfelden stands in a walled churchyard. The ship was rebuilt in 1701. The lower part of the choir tower is still Gothic.
The parish of Haßfelden belonged to the church district Schwäbisch Hall until 1934, was then reclassified to the church district of Langenburg by an announcement of the upper church council on August 15, 1934 and after its dissolution in 1976 returned to the church district Schwäbisch Hall.
Parish of Obersteinach
The parish of Obersteinach (approx. 400) includes the district of Obersteinach with the associated hamlets of Söllbot, Sandelsbronn, Niedersteinach and Windisch-Brachbach of the city of Ilshofen, whereby Niedersteinach still belonged to the parish of Altenberg until 1937 and only belonged to the parish of Obersteinach through an announcement of March 10, 1937 was affiliated. A church as a branch of Bächlingen was mentioned as early as 1285. In 1290 Hohenlohe was granted the right of patronage to the Teutonic Order. Nevertheless, Hohenlohe was able to introduce the Reformation. In 1497 the church was named Peter and Paul Church. After a fire, the church was rebuilt in 1650. In 1757 it received a new tower.
Reinsberg parish
Today's parish of Reinsberg (approx. 1,050) includes the parish of Wolpertshausen without the Haßfelden residential area (with a land tower), which forms its own parish within the overall parish of Obersteinach.
The parish of Reinsberg was founded in 1248. The Reinsberg pastor Herolt was the first pastor in the Haller area to resign from celibacy (1529) and was married. A little later he was brought to Hall as dean.
The parish church of St. Peter in Reinsberg belonged to the Comburg monastery in 1248 . The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation . Wolpertshausen, where there is no church, always belonged to the parish. In the associated Unterscheffach, however, there is an All Saints Chapel . It was mentioned for the first time in 1414 and in 1466 referred to as “Among the 11,000 Martyrs and St. Mary Magdalene”. At that time an early measurement fund was donated. In 1841 the chapel was profaned. In 1971 it was renovated. Since then, services have occasionally been celebrated there again. The originally Romanesque tower choir was redesigned in the late Gothic style. It is probably a former castle chapel .
Until 2001, the parish of Reinsberg and the neighboring parish of Cröffelbach formed the entire parish of Reinsberg. In Cröffelbach there is a chapel, formerly St. Ulrich, with a rib-vaulted tower choir and a round choir arch. With effect from November 11, 2001, the parish of Cröffelbach was dissolved and its territory was incorporated into the parish of Reinsberg. At the same time the entire parish of Reinsberg was dissolved.
Parish of Rieden
The parish of Rieden (approx. 800) includes the district of Rieden with the associated hamlets of the community of Rosengarten and the hamlet of Sittenhardt, which is part of the Schwäbisch Hall district of Bibersfeld. Ecclesiastically, Rieden initially belonged to Westheim. Around 1430 an earthen cross was found, which established a pilgrimage. In 1435 two chaplains were donated, which led to the construction of a chapel to the saints Maria, Sebastian, Katharina and Barbara. The patronage was the Murrhardt Monastery. Then it came to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall, which introduced the Reformation and henceforth looked after the place ecclesiastically. In 1843 a parish administration was set up and in 1872 its own parish. The church is a late Gothic building based on the model of St. Michael's Church in Schwäbisch Hall. The choir from 1486 received its originally planned reticulated vault only in 1937. The interior is late Gothic and includes an altar from 1510 and a side altar. On the wall of the nave there is a mural of St. Christopher from 1490. A gravestone of a Sulburg mustard with a portrait dates from the middle of the 15th century.
The hamlet of Wielandsweiler also partly belonged to the parish of Rieden until 1947. By announcement of March 7, 1947, this was assigned to the parish of Bibersfeld.
Ruppertshofen parish
The parish of Ruppertshofen (approx. 432) comprises the Ruppertshofen district of the city of Ilshofen. A Martinskirche was first mentioned in Ruppertshofen as early as 1285. The patronage was the Würzburg fiefdom and came to Hohenlohe in 1303 via the Counts of Flügelau in 1313. Dünsbach and Morstein also belonged to the parish until a separate parish was established there in 1866. After the Reformation, Leofels and Hessenau also came to the parish of Ruppertshofen. The current church has a Gothic tower and a nave, which was raised in 1620 by a half-timbered tower. In 1968/69 the church was renovated and enlarged. Today the parish of Ruppertshofen is looked after by the parish office of Dünsbach, which was separated from Ruppertshofen in the 19th century. At first the parish of Ruppertshofen belonged to the parish of Langenburg, then from January 1, 1976 through its merger to the parish of Blaufelden. On January 1, 2017, the parish was separated from the Blaufelden district and assigned to the Schwäbisch Hall church district, which also includes all other parts of the city of Ilshofen.
Total church community Schwäbisch Hall
The entire parish includes the core town of Schwäbisch Hall with all associated hamlets and new building areas. It consists of the five parishes of St. Michael and St. Katharina (inner city, merger of the two formerly independent parishes in 2004), Johannes-Brenz-Kirchengemeinde (Rollhof, Reifenhof, founded 1955), Kreuzäckerkirchengemeinde (Kreuzäckersiedlung, founded 1964), Sophie-Scholl -Church parish (Heimbachsiedlung, Teurershof, founded 1992) and Lukaskirchengemeinde (Hagenbach, founded 1976). Since 2002, the local association of the South German Community Association, which is integrated as a "community congregation" without a fixed area, has also been part of the overall church community.
The area of the city of Schwäbisch Hall originally belonged to the diocese of Würzburg and was assigned to the regional chapter of Hall. The theologian Johannes Brenz, appointed by the council as preacher of St. Michael, introduced the Reformation in the imperial city from 1522. The parishes of all parishes in the area of the imperial city then de facto formed a Halle regional church under the supervision of the imperial city council. The last Catholic church in the city (St. Johann) was closed in 1534. Between 1548 and 1558/1559 there were temporarily again Catholic clergy in the city. After that, the city was purely Protestant until the 19th century. In addition to the parish of St. Michael, there were also the parishes of St. Katharina, the Heilig Geist parish (formerly hospital parish), St. Urban in Unterlimpurg and St. Johann (formerly Johanniterkirche), as well as another parish in Gottwollshausen. After the transition to Württemberg, all parishes except St. Michael and St. Katharina were abolished in 1812. The Holy Spirit Church and the Church of St. John were profaned. St. Urban was retained as a preaching post for the parishes of St. Michael and St. Katharina. St. Michael became the seat of a deanery of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg. As a result of the city's strong growth, new parishes and parishes were founded after the Second World War, which today form the overall parish. The Evangelical Diakoniewerk Schwäbisch Hall (DIAK) has its seat and many facilities in the area of the entire parish . This also includes the Church of the Resurrection , which was built in 1963 to replace the "Kapellsaal" (deaconess church; demolished in 2014) from 1903.
Johannes Brenz parish Schwäbisch Hall
The Johannes-Brenz parish Schwäbisch Hall (approx. 1,750) comprises the residential areas or districts of Rollhof, Reifenhof, the village of Heimbach, the Stadtheide and the industrial area West of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. As a result of the strong growth of the city of Schwäbisch Hall after the Second World War, the two previous parishes of St. Michael and St. Katharina had become too big. Therefore, a new church, the Johannes-Brenz-Kirche, was built on the Rollhof in 1955 and the independent Johannes-Brenz-Kirchengemeinde (Johannes-Brenz-Kirchengemeinde) was established as a further parish within the overall parish of Schwäbisch Hall. In a letter dated November 25, 1955, the Ministry of Culture recognized the new parish as a corporation under public law. The area of the Johannes-Brenz-Kirchengemeinde belonged mainly to the parish of St. Katharina. Only the village Heimbach belonged to the parish Michelfeld until then. In return, the parish Michelfeld received the Lehenhof and a small area near Heimbach. These areas previously belonged to the parish of St. Katharina.
Kreuzäckerkirchengemeinde Schwäbisch Hall
The Kreuzäckerkirchengemeinde Schwäbisch Hall (approx. 1,580) comprises the Kreuzäcker district of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. The Kreuzäckerkirchengemeinde Schwäbisch Hall was founded on January 4, 1965 as the second new Protestant congregation after the Second World War in Schwäbisch Hall, after the Johannes Brenz parish, as part of the association of the general parish Schwäbisch Hall. In a letter dated October 5, 1964, the Ministry of Education recognized the new Kreuzäckerkirchengemeinde as a corporation under public law. The Kreuzäcker community center was built in 1956.
Lukas parish Schwäbisch Hall
The Lukas church community Schwäbisch Hall (approx. 1,680) comprises the district of Hagenbach, the Hirtenäckersiedlung and the Tullauer Höhe of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. After the Johannes Brenz Church and the Kreuzäckerkirche, a third Protestant church was built in Schwäbisch Hall in 1976 after the Second World War, the Lukaskirche. With effect from January 1, 1976, the parishioners who had previously belonged to the parish of St. Katharina Schwäbisch Hall were detached from this parish and the independent "parish Tullauer Höhe-Hagenbach" was established. It was incorporated into the association of the entire parish of Schwäbisch Hall. The Ministry of Education recognized the new parish with a letter of April 29, 1975 as a corporation under public law. The church parish Tullauer Höhe-Hagenbach was renamed "Lukaskirchengemeinde Schwäbisch Hall" through the announcement of the Upper Church Council on September 2, 1986.
Parish Schwäbisch Hall St. Michael and St. Katharina
The parish of Schwäbisch Hall St. Michael and St. Katharina (approx. 2,450) includes the city center of Schwäbisch Hall.
St. Michael , the main church of the city with the famous outside staircase, was consecrated in 1156. It originally belonged to the Steinbach parish, from which it was separated in 1508. The South German reformer Johannes Brenz and the local pastor Michael Gräter at St. Katharina introduced the Reformation. The Michaelskirche was structurally changed several times. The Romanesque west tower, which received a lantern in 1718, is still preserved from the original construction of the 12th century.
The Katharinenkirche from the 10th century was acquired in 1526 by the Murrhardt Monastery, which held the patronage rights of the church. Only the transept and the tower remain from the late Romanesque building. The ship was demolished in 1900 and replaced by a new building.
With effect from January 1, 2004, the parish of St. Michael Schwäbisch Hall was dissolved and its parish was incorporated into the parish of St. Katharina Schwäbisch Hall. At the same time, the newly formed parish of St. Katharina Schwäbisch Hall was renamed the parish of St. Michael and St. Katharina Schwäbisch Hall.
The Urbanskirche in the suburb of Unterlimpurg, which was its own parish church until 1812 , also belongs to the parish of St. Michael and St. Katharina . It is actually a St. Mary's Church. Its current name is based on a reading error in the 16th century, when from "ecclesia sub urbana", d. H. Suburban church that was St. Urban. The church was built by the Limpurg taverns as a chapel below their Limpurg castle, and a choir and a tower were added before 1250. Around 1450 the church was expanded to the north and south. In 1698 the tower overhanging to the west received a half-timbered tower. A service is held here every 1st and 3rd Sunday of the month.
Until 1956, the Schwäbisch Hall districts Rollhof, Heimbachsiedlung and Stadtheide as well as the Lehenhof belonged to the parish of St. Katharina. In 1956, these areas were separated and the new Johannes Brenz parish was formed from the majority of this area. Only the Lehenhof was assigned to the parish Michelfeld, which in turn ceded the village of Heimbach to the new Johannes-Brenz parish. The Heimbach settlement is now part of the Sophie Scholl parish.
Sophie Scholl parish of Schwäbisch Hall
The Sophie Scholl parish Schwäbisch Hall (approx. 2,100) comprises the districts of Heimbachsiedlung and Teurershof of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. It was founded on July 9, 1992 as the youngest Protestant parish within the Schwäbisch Hall parish under the name "Evangelical parish on the Teurershof". After the construction of the community center, the new parish was named Evangelical Sophie-Scholl-Parish Schwäbisch Hall by order of August 26, 2003.
Entire parish of Steinbach
The entire parish of Steinbach (approx. 650) includes the Steinbach district of the city of Schwäbisch Hall and the Tullau district of the Rosenberg community. It was formed by a decree of June 7, 1978 from the two parishes Steinbach and Tullau. On May 23, 1978, the Ministry of Education recognized the entire Steinbach parish as a public corporation.
Steinbach parish
The Steinbach parish includes the Steinbach district of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. Steinbach remained predominantly Catholic after the Reformation as a result of belonging to the Comburg. Protestants only moved to the town after the Second World War. In 1968 they were finally able to build their own church, the Martinskirche, and also found their own parish. Since then, the Steinbach parish has also looked after the neighboring parish of Tullau, with which it has formed an overall parish since 1978.
Parish of Tullau
The parish of Tullau comprises the Tullau district of the Rosengarten community. In terms of church, Tullau was initially a branch of Westheim. From 1683 the community was looked after from Schwäbisch Hall. In 1835 the place belonged to the parish of St. Urban. But Tullau already had a chapel to Our Lady, first mentioned in 1437, from 1701 St. Wolfgang. The small Wolfgang church has a late Gothic winged altar from 1510. After the evangelical parish Steinbach was established, it was also assigned to the parish of Tullau. Both parishes have been part of the Steinbach parish since 1978. With effect from September 7, 2000, the area of the parish of Tullau was enlarged around the residential area "Barbenfeld", which previously belonged to the parish of Westheim.
Parish of Stöckenburg
The parish of Stöckenburg (approx. 1900 people) includes the core town and the associated hamlets of Dürrsching, Eschenau , Merkelbach (only came from the parish of Untersontheim zu Stöckenburg through an announcement on June 18, 1941), Schneckenweiler , Stöckenburg and Talheim of the city of Vellberg. In the core town of Vellberg, the so-called Städtle, there is no church, only a chapel in Vellberg Castle. Vellberg's parish church has always been Martinskirche on the neighboring Stöckenburg, which is located on a mountain of the river on the other side of the Bühler. This was probably founded in the 8th century and should therefore be one of the oldest churches in the entire area. It belonged to the diocese of Würzburg and was the parish church for a larger area, which only became smaller over time through the establishment of its own parishes. 823 the church is called Basilica St. Martin. It was also the parish church of the St. Georg castle chapel in Vellberg, which never had parish rights. In 1404 the patronage of the church of Würzburg was given to the monastery Öhringen. Hohenlohe, as patron of the monastery, sold the patronage to the Lords of Vellberg, who introduced the Reformation against the resistance of Würzburg. In 1592 Würzburg enfeoffed the Echter von Mespelbrunn with the patronage of the church, with the condition that the Catholic denomination be reinstated. This failed because the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall had episcopate rights from 1595 as the successor to the Vellbergers and always appointed a Protestant pastor. Even the enfeoffment of the Comburg monastery with the church could not favor the reintroduction of the Catholic denomination. Only from 1628 to 1630 was a Catholic clergyman on the Stöckenburg. At that time, Schwäbisch Hall separated the St. Georg castle chapel in Vellberg and united it with the Anhausen parish, which was later closed. The original Basilica of St. Martin no longer exists. The current church was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th centuries. The choir houses an altar from 1435. The nave was renewed in 1560. It has ceiling and wall paintings as well as tombs of the Lords of Vellberg.
The St. Georg castle chapel dates from the 14th century. It has frescoes from 1549. It was later profaned and only used again for church purposes since 1929. In 1961 it was renovated. It mainly serves wedding ceremonies.
Until 1931, Steinehaig also belonged to the Stöckenburg parish. By the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on January 22, 1931, Steinehaig was separated from the parish of Stöckenburg and incorporated into the parish of Oberspeltach in the parish of Crailsheim.
Parish Sulzdorf
The parish of Sulzdorf (approx. 1,900) includes the Sulzdorf district with the associated hamlets of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. In terms of church, Sulzdorf initially belonged to the Stöckenburg. The patronage came in 1541 from Comburg to the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall, which introduced the Reformation. In 1545 Sulzdorf came to the parish of Anhausen. In 1837 Sulzdorf became its own parish. The St. Margaret Church was destroyed in World War II in 1945 and built up again in 1949/50. The church in Anhausen, named Our Lady in 1403 and St. Bartholomew from 1503, was demolished in 1865.
Parish of Tüngental
The parish of Tüngental (approx. 980) includes the Tüngental district with the associated hamlets of the city of Schwäbisch Hall. The Church of Our Lady (today Marienkirche ) probably has its origins as early as the 10th century. However, it was first mentioned in 1214, when the Comburg monastery was the patron saint. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation and assigned the parish to the neighboring town of Hessental. Hessental later formed a subsidiary parish of Tüngental and thus belonged to the overall parish of Tüngental. By the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on January 31, 1940, the branch parish of Hessental was separated from the mother parish of Tüngental and made an independent parish. At the same time the entire parish of Tüngental was abolished. Hessental then became its own parish.
The church in Tüngental was largely destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt. The foundations of a church built around 1050 were found. Foundations of an even older church were discovered within the foundations. The parish hall with rooms for the various groups and circles is attached to the church.
By the announcement of the upper church council of January 22, 1953, there was a small area adjustment in the area of the airfield between the parish of Hessental and the parish of Tüngental in favor of Tüngental.
Entire parish of Untermünkheim
The total parish of Untermünkheim (approx. 1,400) comprises the main town and the district of Zusatzighausen of the Untermünkheim community . The Enslingen district forms its own parish. The total parish of Untermünkheim consists of the two following parishes.
Parish of Bereigshausen
The parish of Nochigshausen includes the district of Nochigshausen with the associated hamlets of the Untermünkheim community. A church was mentioned as early as 1363. The current branch church, the Martinskirche, was built in 1515 in the late Gothic style and expanded in 1811. The east choir tower has a round choir arch, which may come from the previous church.
Parish of Untermünkheim
The parish of Untermünkheim includes the capital of the municipality of Untermünkheim. A church was first mentioned in 1285. From 1479 it is called St. Kilian's Church. The right of patronage came from Hohenlohe to the Goldbach monastery in 1382. The imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall introduced the Reformation in 1541, after which the place fell back to Hohenlohe. Today's church still has Romanesque and Gothic parts in the tower choir. The ship was rebuilt in 1788. A gate from the former cemetery wall is still preserved. In 1998 a parish hall was built next to the Kilian's Church.
Westheim parish
The parish of Westheim (approx. 2,100) comprises the districts of Westheim and Uttenhofen with the associated hamlets (excluding Tullau, which forms a separate parish that belongs to the entire parish of Steinbach) of the Rosengarten parish. The church of St. Martin in the Berghof, which today belongs to Westheim, was mentioned in 1285, but is probably much older. It was a parish church for a wide area. The Lords of Westheim gave the patronage to Murrhardt Monastery. With this it came to Württemberg, which introduced the Reformation in 1535. The pastor was appointed alternately by Württemberg and the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. From 1630 monks from Murrhardt tried to enforce the Counter Reformation, but failed. Today's church in Westheim was built in 1848 in place of the previous church. In the immediate vicinity is the Nikolauskapelle, which probably existed around 1100, but was built in its current form around 1400. It has a cross-rib vaulted chancel.
Uttenhofen was always a branch of Westheim. A chapel, from 1519 St. Sigismund, was given fiefdom by Matheis von Rinderbach from the Palatinate in 1451. From this chapel only the choir, which has served as a memorial to those who died in the wars since 1965, is preserved.
With effect from September 7, 2000, the "Barbenfeld" residential area was separated from the Westheim parish and incorporated into the Tullau parish.
Until 1952, the hamlets of Frankenberg and Seehölzle in the municipality of Oberrot also belonged to the Westheim parish. By the announcement of the Oberkirchenrat on April 17, 1952, they were reclassified to the parish of Gaildorf and assigned to the parish of Oberrot.
literature
- The Evangelical Württemberg - Its church offices and clergy from the Reformation to the present, collected and edited by Christian Sigel, pastor in Gebersheim, 1910.
- The state of Baden-Wuerttemberg - official description according to districts and municipalities (in eight volumes); Edited by the Baden-Württemberg State Archives Department; Volume IV: Stuttgart District - Regional Associations Franconia and East Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart, 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Färber: Evangelical Christians in Kochertal unite . In: Hohenloher Zeitung . January 28, 2011 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on February 13, 2011]).
- ↑ Website of the parishes in Gelbingen and Eltershofen ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Schwäbisch Hall church district ( Memento of the original dated February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
