Koblenz-Niederberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Koblenz-Niederberg
Altstadt Arenberg Arzheim Asterstein Bubenheim Ehrenbreitstein Goldgrube Güls Horchheim Horchheimer Höhe Immendorf Karthause Kesselheim Lay Lützel Metternich Moselweiß Neuendorf Niederberg Oberwerth Pfaffendorf Pfaffendorfer Höhe Rauental Rübenach Stolzenfels Südliche Vorstadt Wallersheim KoblenzLocation of the Koblenz-Niederberg district
About this picture
Basic data
District since: 1937
Area : 1.97 km²
Residents : 2,861 (Sep 30, 2012)
Population density : 1,454 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 56077
Area code : 0261
License plate : KO

Koblenz-Niederberg is a high-altitude district of Koblenz , which was incorporated in 1937 . It lies on the right bank of the Rhine above Ehrenbreitstein and borders on Arenberg and Urbar . The Romans built the Niederberg fort here around 100 AD to secure the Limes .

Niederberg, aerial photo (2016)

history

Roman fort

Altar stone AE 1903, 00089 from Niederberg Castle

At the end of the 1st / beginning of the 2nd century AD, the Romans built a fort for auxiliary troops in Niederberg to strengthen the Upper Germanic Limes and to protect the access from the south to the Neuwied Basin and the important ascent from the Rhine Valley to the Westerwald .

Time and again one came across traces of the Romans in Niederberg. In 1895 excavations were carried out which revealed the considerable size of the fort (177 by 158 meters). The fort, which was built around 100 AD, was seven kilometers from the Limes. It served as a bridgehead and at the same time dominated the road that led along the Ehrenbreitstein to Koblenz. A Roman vicus was built around the fort . The fort existed until around 259/260 AD the area on the right bank of the Rhine was evacuated by the Romans as a result of the Frankish offensive.

Since the 1960s, most of the site has been built over with residential houses. In the undeveloped areas and between the houses, however, there are still undisturbed archaeological findings. These areas are designated as an excavation protection area of ​​the city of Koblenz. Since 2005 the ground monument has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes”. In 2002, excavations were again carried out in Niederberg by the Archaeological Monument Preservation Department in Koblenz in order to explore the state of preservation of the findings and the possibility of their presentation to the public.

Creation of the civil settlement

In the 4th and 5th centuries, after the fall of the fort, there was again a Roman settlement, which the Franks continued to use after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the middle of the 5th century. This is evidenced by Roman grave fields in the west of Niederberg and Merovingian graves on the road to Arenberg .

The first documented mention of the civil settlement in the 11th century is in connection with a donation from the Church of St. Pankratius in an undated document from Archbishop Egilbert von Ortenburg (1040–1101) to the St. Eucharius Abbey in Trier . In contrast to Arenberg ("Ober am Berg"), the place is later called "Nieder am Berg".

The lords of Helfenstein were the court lords until the 16th century, after which a bailiff of the Trier archbishops took on the task. Niederberg belonged to the Electorate of Trier Ehrenbreitstein . After the French revolutionary army had conquered the left bank of the Rhine and the electoral state of Trier was destroyed, it became the Principality of Nassau-Weilburg in 1803 (from 1806 Duchy of Nassau ). Niederberg was destroyed during the siege of Ehrenbreitstein Fortress in 1795. When the Prussians took over the Rhineland in 1816, it was assigned to the Koblenz district and incorporated into Koblenz on July 1, 1937. With the construction of the Prussian fortress Koblenz at the beginning of the 19th century, Fort Rheineck and the Pleitenberg plant were built in the Niederberger area .

The wooden viewing platform during the Federal Horticultural Show 2011
The Catholic Parish Church of St. Pankratius

In the Niederberger height was created in 1937 for the Wehrmacht , the Fritsch-Kaserne . Until it was given up in 1998, it was an important Bundeswehr base with tank units, a telecommunications battalion and a crew home . Parts of the barracks now house a number of riot police and the Koblenz branch of the Archeology Directorate of the Rhineland-Palatinate Cultural Heritage Directorate . Since January 2014 there has been a discussion about converting the entire area into a new residential area.

Federal Garden Show 2011

The city of Koblenz hosted the 2011 Federal Garden Show. The exhibition area was the plateau in front of the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress , the square in front of the Electoral Palace and the area around the Deutsche Eck (flower courtyard). A landscape park with a wooden viewing platform was created on the fortress grounds, and the fortress itself was used as a venue. A cable car built for this purpose as an attraction and an ecologically sensible transport connection has been taking visitors from the Rhine facilities across the Rhine to the plateau in front of the fortress since 2010 . A spacious adventure playground for children was created in the area of ​​the Pleitenberg plant, which was abandoned . The fortress itself was integrated into this and could thus be saved.

Attractions

One of the district's tourist destinations is the landscape park in front of the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress, which was created for the 2011 Federal Horticultural Show and is partially located in the Niederberger area. In the center of Niederberg is also the Catholic parish church of St. Pankratius . The church, with a partially Romanesque tower, was built 1802–1806 by construction director Seitz and expanded in 1959 by Gottfried Böhm .

Personalities

literature

  • Ulrike Weber (edit.): Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 3.3: City of Koblenz. Districts. Werner, Worms 2013, ISBN 978-3-88462-345-9 .

Web links

Commons : Koblenz-Niederberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Niederberg  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Limes in Rhineland-Palatinate - Niederberg Castle ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.welterbe-limes-rlp.de
  2. ↑ Fritsch barracks to become the new Koblenz district in: Rhein-Zeitung , January 27, 2014
  3. ↑ Doppelmayr is building one of the largest cable cars in Europe over the Rhine to Koblenz Buga in: Rhein-Zeitung , November 27, 2008

Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ 14 ″  N , 7 ° 37 ′ 35 ″  E