Koblenz-Lützel
| Koblenz-Lützel | |
|---|---|
  |
|
| Basic data | |
| District since: | until 1857 and again from 1891 |
| Area : | 3.49 km² |
| Residents : | 8,388 (Dec. 31, 2016) |
| Population density : | 2,189 inhabitants per km² |
| Postal code : | 56070 |
| Area code : | 0261 |
| License plate : |
KO
|
Lützel ( Middle High German lützel , lützelig = small, little) is a district of Koblenz and is located in the north of the city between Metternich and Neuendorf . On the opposite side of the Moselle is the old town of Koblenz , which is connected to Lützel via the historic Balduin Bridge . The term Lützel comes from Middle High German and means nothing other than small. From the Prussian fortifications from the 19th century, part of the fortress of Kaiser Franz and Neuendorfer Flesche is still preserved in this district .
history
.JPG)
The place Lützel was first mentioned in 1052 in connection with viticulture . In 1070 he was named minor Confluentia (Klein-Koblenz). The place was the bridgehead of the city of Koblenz south of the Moselle . In 1242, vineyards in Lützel Coblentz were first mentioned in German .
In the Middle Ages , Lützel was united with Moselweiß and Koblenz to form a market town . In the first half of the 13th century, the citizens of the town had Koblenz citizenship rights and were explicitly named as citizens of Koblenz in 1469. In the Thirty Years War half of the 70 houses (1618) in the village were destroyed.
The Archbishop of Trier, Karl Kaspar von der Leyen , had a solid bridgehead built north of the Balduin Bridge , which was completed in 1429 between Lützel and Koblenz across the Moselle . His successor Johann Hugo von Orsbeck expanded it into a star factory and thus became a preliminary work of the Koblenz city fortifications . For this purpose, many houses in the village had to be torn down, as well as St. Peter's Church, first mentioned in 1218. The affected residents were relocated to neighboring Neuendorf . With the siege of Koblenz in 1688 in the Palatinate War of Succession by French troops, the place was completely destroyed and the remaining residents also went to Neuendorf. The place at the gates of Koblenz thus effectively ceased to exist. Both districts were merged in 1702. In French times in 1812 only one guard house at the Balduin Bridge and three inns were recorded.
With the takeover of the Rhineland by Prussia , in the course of the construction of the fortress Koblenz on the so-called Petersberg in Lützel after 1816, the fortress of Kaiser Franz with an associated system of forward fortifications was built. From these Prussian fortifications from the 19th century, part of the fortress of Kaiser Franz, the Neuendorfer Flesche and small remains of the Bubenheimer Flesche and the Moselflesche are still preserved. Lützel was rebuilt in the shadow of the fortifications, but was initially hampered in its development by the building restrictions (so-called Rayon laws ). The Prussians finally gave up the fortifications in 1890 and building activity began in Lützel with the end of the restrictions.
Initially, the district with Neuendorf belonged to the city of Koblenz, but was then spun off in 1857 and added to the mayor's office of St. Sebastian . From 1887 Lützel came to the Koblenz district and a little later, on July 1, 1891, was incorporated back into Koblenz together with Neuendorf . In the period that followed, Lützel initially developed into a preferred residential area, and later also into an important business location.
A tragic event, the bridge disaster in Koblenz , made Lützel known throughout Germany for a short time in 1930. On July 22nd, 1930, after a fireworks display, with which the festivities for the withdrawal of the French from the Rhineland, an accident occurred at the security harbor. Overloaded by the people streaming back, a narrow makeshift bridge collapsed in the dark, killing 38 people. This disaster sparked compassion and sadness across Germany .
Lützel had to cope with another turning point in the Second World War . Due to the proximity to Koblenz city center and the important rail connection, especially the Koblenz-Lützel train station, Lützel was also increasingly the target of Allied air attacks , which caused considerable damage. The high bunker in Bodelschwinghstraße also dates from this time.
Today the district has a high proportion of foreigners . Currently (as of 2009) this is more than 30% of the citizens living here. In May 2004 the Tahir Mosque in Lützel was opened by the Pakistani " Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat ". This is the first Muslim sacred building in Koblenz. In 2012 came the Aqsa Mosque , another mosque by Sunni Pakistanis against the Kulturwerkstatt added. There is also a small Arab mosque community nearby and there has been a tranquil Turkish mosque of the Ditib near the Balduin Bridge for years, as well as two smaller mosque communities (one Turkish and one Bosnian) in neighboring Neuendorf. A Muslim burial ground has existed in the neighboring cemetery since autumn 2010, but it was initiated by the city and has no connection with the mosque.
Between 2010 and 2019, the flood protection in the districts of Lützel, Neuendorf and Wallersheim was renovated or rebuilt.
Culture and sights
- On April 21, 2001, the DB Museum Koblenz in Lützel, the first external location of the Transport Museum in Nuremberg , was opened.
- The Defense Technical Study Collection (WTS) has been housed in the former Langemarck barracks since the early 1980s .
- Below the Lützel cemetery is the French cemetery with the grave pyramid of the French revolutionary general Marceau .
- The Kulturfabrik (KUFA) has been based in Lützel since the early 1980s .
- The Feste Kaiser Franz is an important example of Prussian architecture and an architectural highlight in the Koblenz fortress landscape, which also includes the remains of the Neuendorfer Flesche .
- With the Volkspark , Lützel has one of the smallest and most unknown of the Koblenz parks.
- The military needs up to the abandonment of the Feste Franz system in 1890 resulted in certain requirements for the construction of buildings. A few examples of houses in the lightweight construction (half-timbered) typical of these rayon buildings can be found in Elisenstrasse (house numbers 1-9) up to the corner of Antoniusstrasse (house number 16) .
- The listed Maifelder Hof from 1906 (Neuendorfer Straße 1–3) opposite the Balduin Bridge has become a prominent point in the heart of the district after its renovation.
- A building project that was progressive for its time was the "Lützelhof", created after 1912. The complex between Brenderweg – Gartenstraße – Neuendorfer Straße comprised a total of 14 individual buildings, each grouped around a closed and an open inner courtyard. All apartments were spacious and had their own bathroom, which was progressive for the time. Two thirds of the complex was destroyed in the Second World War, so that today only houses two and three are preserved in their original state and there are three artistically designed courtyard entrances.
Infrastructure
traffic
Lützel is the Koblenz district of the bridges: In addition to the historic Balduin Bridge , the Europe Bridge connects the B 9 coming from the north with the other bank of the Moselle. The same applies to traffic over the Moselle railway bridge towards the main station and vice versa. There is also a small passenger ferry from the campsite to the Deutsches Eck opposite.
The main traffic axes are Bonner Strasse (B9), Andernacher Strasse (in the direction of the industrial area), Mayener Strasse (in the direction of Metternich) and the Brenderweg and Wallersheimer Weg (in the direction of Neuendorf).
railroad
Due to a decree of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia from April 1858, the Koblenz freight station was built on the left bank of the Moselle below the redoubt of the Franz fortress Loopholes was provided. Three capons were made for further security . This wall enclosure was abandoned in 1889 and subsequently removed with the exception of a few remains.
The rise of Lützel to an economically important district is to be seen in direct connection with the construction of the train station. Most of the employees were already working in rail operations in 1889. Companies settled mainly between Neuendorfer Strasse and the freight yard.
During the Second World War, the freight yard was the target of Allied air raids .
military
As in other Koblenz districts, Lützel had some military facilities and barracks. The troops were initially housed in the Feste Franz, the Bubenheimer and the Neuendorfer Flesche. In 1913, the new barracks on the former Neuendorfer Flesche, the Trainkaserne (today Rhein-Kaserne ), were completed. 1913–1917 the field artillery barracks were built in the area of Feste Franz, of which only one building and the former stables are still in existence and are used as residential buildings. The Korps clothing office (later Langemarck barracks ), which is now used by the WTS and the German Armed Forces, was built on the site of the Moselflesche in 1907–1910 . In 1938 the Falckenstein barracks (after Maximilian Vogel von Falckenstein ) were built between the clothing department and the former Rübenach ski jump .
In the courtyard of Feste Franz, an ammunition factory was built between 1892 and 1894, which was used to manufacture ammunition. The buildings were partly used as apartments after the First World War, but subsequently disappeared, so that there are no remains today. The artillery depot in the shadow of the Franz Fortress served the Bundeswehr site administration from 1969, u. a. as a closet. Today the complex is empty.
Despite the massive reduction in the Koblenz garrison, the Falckenstein barracks (next to the B 9 ) and the Rhine barracks (Andernacher Straße) are still used by the German armed forces.
church
The oldest church building in Lützel is today the Maria-Hilf-Chapel, completed in 1907 . The Church of St. Peter, probably built in the 12th century, was destroyed by French troops as early as 1688 during the siege of Koblenz in the Palatinate War of Succession . The Petrus patronage of the church was transferred to the newly built parish church of St. Peter in Neuendorf when the population fled . The Church of St. Antonius , built in 1899–1900 “on the curtain wall”, did not survive the Second World War. The badly attacked building was blown up and removed in 1953. A new church and community center was built on Brenderweg from 1968 to 1969. As early as 1952–1953, the Maria Hilf chapel was expanded to become a pilgrimage church.
Today church life in the Koblenz district is quite diverse. In addition to the Catholic parishes of St. Antonius (Brenderweg) and Maria-Hilf (Mayener Straße), the Protestant congregation (Bodelschwingh community center) and the Tahir Mosque (Am Franzosenfriedhof), which was completed in 2004 , the New Apostolic Church Community in Koblenz has had a new home on Bodelschwingh since 2002 found. In 2008 the Protestant free church opened a Christ Center on Mayer-Alberti-Straße.
graveyard
The large cemetery on Petersberg on the former Bubenheimer Flesche was created in 1953 on the lower part of the Lützeler Volkspark . It was largely shaped by horticultural director Hans Wilhelm Mutzbauer , who also had the Volkspark, which was damaged in the Second World War , rebuilt. The former communication from Bubenheimer Flesche to Feste Franz runs along the western edge of the cemetery, still visible today. The following types of graves can be found: election, row, urn rows - and urn election graves.
The spatial division of the forecourt of the cemetery hall with the staircase as a connection to the graves in the upper fields is remarkable. The line of sight leads over the stairs to a high cross, which stands on the former moat of the fortress, to the Ehrenbreitstein fortress , which is hidden by the deciduous trees behind it during the vegetation period. At the entrance there is a basalt stele in memory of the war dead . It is located in the middle of an area covered with ivy . Numerous graves with Madonnas and angels as well as an almost forgotten plaque for the founder of the Koblenz animal protection association Friedrich Halter are worth seeing . The city of Koblenz is responsible for the cemetery.
Kindergartens and schools
The Lützel kindergartens are closely linked to the church communities Maria-Hilf, St. Antonius and the Evangelical community (see church ). There is also a fourth kindergarten in the Mittelweiden. However, there are only three schools in Lützel: A primary school on Weinbergstrasse and the Hans-Zulliger School and the Goethe Hauptschule on Brenderweg.
Social facilities
The Herberge zur Heimat eV association runs a large nursing home for senior citizens . V. in Bodelschwinghstraße. The origins of this association go back to the 19th century. At that time it offered traveling hikers an overnight stay. In the early 1930s, the hostel bought the military site of the former field artillery barracks and set up apartments and a hiker's home there, which was given the name Von-Bodelschwingh-Haus . This gave its name to the streets in almost the entire area, so that the elevation in Lützel, originally called Petersberg , is still popularly called Bodelschwingh today . In the 1960s, the hostel shifted its activities to elderly care. For several years now, the senior citizens have been housed in a modern new building.
In the Lützelhof, the Mampf restaurant offers the homeless and people in social distress hot meals for little money.
Sports facilities, parks and green spaces
There are two sports grounds in Lützel: the older place at Feste Franz, which is used today by a Turkish club, and the newer, but flood-prone, place on Schartwiesen, where VfB Lützel played in 1891 .
In addition to the Volkspark , the banks of the Moselle in Lützel are expanded to the harbor. Further green areas can be found on the site of the former Franz Feste (but not cultivated) and at the campsite.
The largest allotment gardens in Koblenz can be found in the Mittelweiden: since 1964 the association Gartenfreunde Sonnenland Koblenz-Lützel has been running gardens on 10 hectares of a former rubble dump.
literature
- Matthias Kellermann: 75 years Lützeler Volkspark. On the history of the park in Koblenz-Lützel. Edited by Feste Kaiser Franz eV Fölbach, Koblenz 2011, ISBN 978-3-934795-87-7 .
- Lützel cemetery. In: City of Koblenz. The cemetery signpost. On the other side and beyond. Information, references, locations, history, addresses, advertisements. 1st edition. ed. by Mammut-Verlag in cooperation with the city administration of Koblenz - own operation of green spaces and funerals, Leipzig 2005, p. 46ff.
- Feste Kaiser Franz. On the history of the fortress and the Feste Franz system in Koblenz-Lützel. Festschrift for the 10th anniversary Feste Kaiser Franz eV , ed. from Feste Kaiser Franz eV, Koblenz 2008, ISBN 978-3-934795-55-6 .
- Birgitta Johnen: The Koblenz-Lützel district with special consideration of its functional and structural change in the period from 1890 to today. Koblenz 1976.
- Birgitta Johnen: New emergence and importance of the Lützel district within the economic and population development of Koblenz. In: Festschrift 851. Lützeler Kirmes (1989), pp. 21-27.
- 75 years of the Catholic parishes of St. Antonius - Maria-Hilf Koblenz-Lützel 1911-1986. An overview of their history , ed. from the Catholic parishes of St. Antonius and Maria-Hilf, Koblenz 1986.
- Walter Ecker: The hostel for home. An Inner Mission child. Koblenz 1985.
- Ulrike Weber (edit.): Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 3.3: City of Koblenz. Districts. Werner, Worms 2013, ISBN 978-3-88462-345-9 .
Web links
- Historical information about Lützel in: regionalgeschichte.net
- Literature about Koblenz-Lützel in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography
- Website of the working group 'Lützel History'
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Ulrike Weber (arr.): City of Koblenz. City districts (= General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate Directorate for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 3.3 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2013, ISBN 978-3-88462-345-9 , p. 202 .
- ↑ Death screams rang through the dark night. In: Rhein-Zeitung No. 168, 22./23. July 2000
- ↑ Where do most of the children and seniors live? In: Rhein-Zeitung , July 27, 2009
- ^ Johnen, district, p. 98f.
- ↑ Johnen, new creation, p. 25f.
- ^ Rhein-Zeitung August 16, 2008: "Sonnenland" is a green paradise.
Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ N , 7 ° 35 ′ E
Old town | Arenberg | Arzheim | Asterstein | Bubenheim | Ehrenbreitstein | Gold mine | Güls | Horchheim | Horchheimer Höhe | Immendorf | Karthauser (Karthauser Nord, Karthauser Flugfeld and Karthauserhof area) | Kesselheim | Lay | Lützel | Metternich | Moselle white | Neuendorf | Niederberg | Oberwerth | Pfaffendorf | Pfaffendorfer Höhe | Rauental | Rübenach | Stolzenfels | Southern suburb ( center and south ) | Wallersheim