Gabčíkovo power plant

Gabčíkovo power plant
	Gabčíkovo power plant
	location
Coordinates	47 ° 52 '48 " N , 17 ° 32' 21" E Coordinates: 47 ° 52 '48 " N , 17 ° 32' 21" E
country	Slovakia
place	Gabčíkovo
Waters	Danube
Kilometers of water	km 1836
Height upstream	132 m
	power plant
Start of operation	1992
	technology
Bottleneck performance	720 megawatts
Average ; height of fall	15 m
Expansion flow	5,040 m³ / s
Standard work capacity	2,200 million kWh / year
Turbines	8 Kaplan bulb turbines; Diameter: 9.33 m
Generators	8th
	Others
Website	www.vvb.sk/cms/index.php?page=svd-gabcikovo-nagymaros
was standing	May 2009

The Gabčíkovo power plant is a run-of- river power plant in Slovakia at river kilometer 1836 and uses the hydropower of the Danube . It is the largest hydropower plant in Slovakia and generates around 11% of the national electricity demand.

history

As early as 1947, Stalin wanted to make the shallow alluvial land between Győr and Bratislava navigable all year round. A canal was supposed to enable Soviet warships to reach the borders of the then Eastern Bloc. In the 1950s, the first plans were drawn up, but not implemented.

After major floods in the area in the 1950s and 1960s, Hungary and Czechoslovakia signed an agreement in 1977 to build the Gabčíkovo – Nagymaros barrage system. A power plant was planned in Gabčíkovo and a second around 120 km downstream in Nagymaros, Hungary, on the Danube Bend. This would have required the canalization or embankment of the Danube over 200 km. As early as 1981 the Hungarian government wanted to suspend the project for financial reasons. In 1984, Hungarian environmentalists ( Duna Kör ) affirmed the ecological concerns about this mammoth project with a signature campaign. After the end of the Kádár government in 1988, the new government stopped all work in Hungary in 1989 after a scientific investigation of the ecological consequences of the project without giving a reason.

The Czechoslovak government, on the other hand, persisted in building a canal that diverts around 80% of the Danube water from the border river near Hamuliakovo to Slovak territory in 1991. The hydraulic engineering complex Čunovo consists of the weir of the old Danube (state border), a hydropower plant at the weir with 24 MW output and a "withdrawal object " with which water is discharged into the Moson Danube ( Mošonské rameno ). This contains another small power plant with 1 MW. Orographically to the right of the supply canal, a 10.5 km long dam divides the old Danube (state border) from the canal, before the canal on the Kleine Schüttinsel is a greater distance from the river. This dam has a crest width of six meters.

After the original plan could not be implemented because it partially included Hungarian territory, "Variant C" was built. The Danube dammed up above the Čunovo weir is known as the “Hrušov reservoir ” (Zdrž Hrušov) and holds 196 million cubic meters of water over an area of 25 km². At Humeliakovo this merges into the left-hand supply channel (Vodné dielo Gabčíkovo) with a length of 17 km, the left-hand dam crest is 133.10 m above the Baltic sea level.

On October 24, 1992, the canal was flooded during Hungarian protests. Hungary took this as a border violation and demanded the restoration of the original condition of the Danube. For its part, Slovakia did not accept Hungary's unilateral termination of the 1977 treaties and insisted on observing them.

International litigation

In 1993 the two countries agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice in The Hague . On September 25, 1997, the Court ruled that both countries had violated their legal obligations, Hungary on almost all points of the treaty. Czechoslovakia (later Slovakia) had the right to complete the construction, but not to put it into operation. The original treaty continues to apply and both states should negotiate a new, more environmentally friendly solution. In its decision, the ICJ stated that the agreement concluded between Hungary and Czechoslovakia was a treaty with territorial ties. For such a treaty it follows from customary international law that a successor state must take over the treaties of the predecessor. Slovakia was therefore bound by the treaty between Czechoslovakia and Hungary at the time. To resolve the dispute, representatives of the two governments agreed on a framework agreement in March 1998. A real agreement has not yet been reached, which is a burden on relations between Hungary and Slovakia to this day.

technical description

West of Hamuliakovo ( Šamorín ), at river kilometer 1,853 , the 38.5 km long power station canal (Vodné dielo Gabčíkovo) branches off to the left and flows back into the original river bed below the power station at Danube km 1,811. Around 80% of the water of the Danube is diverted into this channel, which runs to the left of the old Danube river (state border) and is up to 700 m wide. After 16.7 km there is the Gabčikovo power station and lock with eight Kaplan turbines with a bottleneck capacity of 90 MW each. The expansion water volume is 5,040 m³ / s, the standard work capacity is 2,200 million kWh annually . 48.031666666667 17.230555555556

Locks

2 lock chambers
- Length: 275 m
- Width: 34 m
- Depth: 32 m
- Volume: 299,200 m²
Max. Gross gradient: 21.6 m
8 flood channels 4 × 4 m
- Flood time: 18 - 22 min.
8 outlet channels 4 × 4 m
- Outlet time: 14 min.
Lower two-part gate:
- Width: 34 m
- Height: 21.95 m
- Thickness: 2 m
- Weight: 870 t

ferry

A car ferry runs from Kyselica on the left side of the canal to Vojka nad Dunajom .

Individual evidence

↑ Report of the International Court of Justice, August 1, 2005, - July 31, 2006 , United Nations Publications, 2006, page 25 [1]

Web links

Commons : Gabčíkovo power plant - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Report of the International Court of Justice, August 1, 2005, - July 31, 2006 , United Nations Publications, 2006, page 25 [1]