Buchholz (Vierkirchen)

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Buchholz
Community Vierkirchen
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 45 ″  N , 14 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 190 m above sea level NN
Area : 11.45 km²
Residents : 280  (December 31, 2011)
Population density : 24 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1994
Postal code : 02894
Area code : 035876
Buchholz Castle
Buchholz Castle
Buchholz (Vierkirchen), aerial photo (2017)

Buchholz (until 1936 Krischa , Upper Sorbian Křišow ) is a district of the Saxon community Vierkirchen in the district of Görlitz . One of the four eponymous churches of the community is in Buchholz.

geography

Buchholz is located west of the Königshain Mountains and south of the federal highway 4 (section Bautzen - Görlitz ), the next junctions of which are in western Weißenberg and eastern Nieder Seifersdorf . The street perch village extends on both sides of a tributary of the Löbauer water .

To the north of Buchholz ran the border between the Prussian districts of Rothenburg and Görlitz and later between the GDR districts of Niesky and Görlitz-Land , to the west the border between the districts of Bautzen and Görlitz , which formed the Saxon-Prussian state border between 1815 and 1945.

Surrounding localities are the Hohendubrau districts Gebelzig , Jerchwitz and Thräna along the former district border in the north, the Vierkirchen districts Prachenau and Melaune in the east and Tetta in the southeast, the Löbauer villages Alt- and Neucunnewitz in the south, as well as Maltitz and the city of Weißenberg in the west.

history

Local history

Early Iron Age grave finds are evidence of prehistoric settlement activity in the Buchholz district.

Chrisow was first mentioned in a document in 1305 in the oldest Görlitz town book (1305-1416). With Wilrich von Gusk a landlord by name has already been passed down for the year 1406. Between 1422 and 1665, the Reichenbacher branch of the von Gersdorff family exercised the manorial rule over the village.

The late medieval church, it was mentioned in the Meißen diocese register from 1495, was rebuilt around 1617. After a fire in 1703, in which half the village and the manor went up in flames, the church was structurally changed again. In 1704 the rectory was built. The manor house of the manor, built in 1693 as a multi-gabled half-timbered building, was redesigned in 1806 in a massive construction.

In 1860 the pastor at the time had a late medieval stone cross moved into the rectory. It was previously on the border with Weißenberg and according to legend it is an atonement cross for a murder that took place there. A lance is carved into the cross.

The manor, located in the southeastern part of the village in the direction of Tetta, was partially settled in the years 1936–1938; The brickworks, gardening and distillery were separated and privatized.

During the Second World War , Buchholz suffered 32 casualties. In the church cemetery, the graves of 216 German soldiers, who fell around Buchholz and Tetta between April 18 and 24, 1945, are a reminder. In these battles four buildings were totally destroyed and 11 others were badly destroyed. After the war, the rest of the manor was expropriated and redistributed as part of the land reform .

The district of Tetta, which was spun off in 1874, was incorporated again in 1974. In addition to these two districts, the community also included the hamlets of Rotkretscham and Wasserkretscham in Buchholzer and Tettaer Flur .

On January 1, 1994, the communities Arnsdorf-Hilbersdorf , Buchholz and Melaune merged to form the community of Vierkirchen .

Population development

year Residents
1825 466
1871 808
1885 522
1905 445
1925 455
1939 513
1946 559
1950 552
1964 497
1971 424
1988 576
1990 555
1999 359
2002 322
2011 280

In 1777 9 possessed men , 11 gardeners and 14 cottagers were farming in Krischa , and another economy was in desolation.

By looking at the community differently (with or without tetta, red and water ketcham) as well as different survey methods (daily counting or averaging of several data), it is difficult to give meaningful and absolute population values ​​for Buchholz over the last 200 years. The tendency, however, is recognizable that population growth took place in the course of the 19th century, which was followed by a decline in the last third of that century until shortly after the turn of the century. In the first half of the 20th century, and especially in the early years after World War II, the population grew again, but then fell again. The reintegration of Tetta did not stop the decline in population either.

Arnošt Muka identified 368 Sorbs among the 518 inhabitants around 1880 , which corresponds to a Sorbian population of 71%. At that time, Krischa was still on the eastern edge of the central Sorbian language area and, together with Tettau, was the only predominantly Sorbian-speaking place in the Görlitz district.

Place name

Forms of the place name mentioned in a document include Chrisow (1305), Cryschow (1375), (zu) Kryssche (1461) and finally Krischa (1543).

Written Sorbian name forms are the Ksischow (1767 by Christian Knauthe ), Kschischow (1800) and Czkischo (1835) formulated according to the German alphabet , as well as Kšišow (1843) and Křischow (1920) according to the Sorbian alphabet .

The name was probably derived from the Old Sorbian word Krišov , which could refer to a personal name Kriš . Possibly it is a variant of the Christian nickname Christian.

The place name Buchholz was a new creation in 1936 as part of the National Socialist Germanization of numerous place names of Sorbian origin. In contrast to most other places, Buchholz never got its original name back.

Personalities

Johann Moritz von Warnsdorf (1682–1724) was a Protestant-Pietist song writer from Krischa.

Georg Moritz Broske (Sorb. Jurij Brósk ; 1833–1915) from Malschwitz was pastor of the Krischa-Tetta parish from 1861 to 1902. He translated hymns into Sorbian and worked on a Sorbian dictionary.

Attractions

Two stable houses with preserved half-timbered upper floors as well as two former houses in half-timbered construction are designated as architectural monuments.

The Way of St. James in the Görlitz – Weißenberg – Bautzen section leads through Buchholz.

Sources and further reading

literature

Footnotes

  1. ^ Buchholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , page 347.
  3. ^ Vierkirchen.com: The place Buchholz. Retrieved July 13, 2014 .
  4. Jump up ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (=  German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume  28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 42 f .

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