District Court Kranzberg
The district court of Kranzberg was a sovereign administrative unit in the Duchy of Bavaria and later in the Electorate of Bavaria , which existed from 1255 to 1804. The seat was the place Kranzberg in today's district of Freising . There was in the late Middle Ages , the castle Kranzberg in today's Postal , the Pantaleon mountain is called. For a long time it was the seat of the regional court, the area of which was as large as a small district, but at that time was not a unified regional authority .
background
With the help of such regional courts or nursing offices, the Wittelsbachers organized their sovereignty in Bavaria from the beginning of the 13th century. In the new Kingdom of Bavaria at the beginning of the 19th century, the district court of Kranzberg no longer existed, because it was dissolved in 1804 in favor of the newly created district court Freising and in favor of the district courts of Dachau and Munich. Newly merged regional courts continued to exist as state administrative units in the Kingdom of Bavaria after the Napoleonic Wars between 1802 and 1862. The old term was retained in the redistribution of the twice as large state, but the character had become completely different.
history
A ministerial family called von Chranisperch is mentioned for the first time around 1200 ; this lived in a castle that was supposed to secure the Amperübergang on the way to Freising . From 1229 the castle is ducal possession, so that from this point in time the castle was also the seat of a caretaker and judge. The first Bavarian state division in 1255 divided the area between Upper and Lower Bavaria: the west with Dachau became part of Upper Bavaria, the areas east of the Ilm - and thus Kranzberg - became Lower Bavarian. From this point on, one can speak of a separate district court in Kranzberg. There were always territorial conflicts with the Freising bishops and the abbots of Indersdorf , but in the middle of the 14th century the boundaries of the court were set, which shouldn't change much until the secularization and mediatization of 1802/1803. In 1329 Friedrich von Achdorf had the castle re-fortified. Until 1505 Kranzberg belonged to the Landshut Rent Office , after the reunification of the Bavarian partial duchies it was added to the Munich Rent Office . During this time, a complete description of the goods was written for the first time. The Kranzberg area suffered greatly from the consequences of the Thirty Years' War . On Ascension Day 1632, 50 Swedish horsemen burned down the castle and looted the place. The castle was not rebuilt afterwards, instead the keeper resided in the village from now on. In 1639 the border between the Principality of Freising and the Duchy of Baiern was finally determined.
As a sign of the high level of jurisdiction, four gallows were set up in the maintenance office: in Göppertshausen (community Petershausen ), Dietersheim (community Eching ), Schmidhausen (community Langenbach ) and in Kranzberg near the sawmill.
In 1803 the Hochstift Freising was occupied by Bavaria as part of the secularization and the newly created Kingdom of Bavaria was then restructured through the Montgelas reforms. On February 24, 1804, a royal district court in Freising was established, to which the greater part of the area of the now disbanded district court of Kranzberg fell to with the henchman offices of Allershausen , Tünzhausen and Langenbach. The western parts (including Indersdorf, Petershausen) were assigned to the Dachau regional court and the southern areas ( Garching and Fröttmaning ) to the Munich regional court. As part of the 2nd community edict of 1818, new communities, including the community of Kranzberg, were formed from the individual court marks and henchman offices.
Scope and structure of the old district court of Kranzberg
In 1760 the district court consisted of 225 settlements, which were divided into five offices: Tünzhausen, Allershausen, Indersdorf, Langenbach and the office on the Gfild (= Garching). In addition, there were 25 court marks in which the landowner was allowed to exercise the lower jurisdiction , while the district court set up henchman offices in the offices, which were responsible for the lower jurisdiction. Over two thirds of the residents were subordinate to the lords of their Hofmark, so that a relatively small part of the population remained for the size of the district court district, for which the ducal district judge was responsible.
The offices in the district court of Kranzberg
- Tünzhausen
with the district court seat of Kranzberg, the former communities of Itzling , Sünzhausen and Haindlfing (now the city of Freising), Wippenhausen , Gremertshausen (now Kranzberg) and Giggenhausen (now Neufahrn );
- Allershausen
with the former communities Schlipps (today Allershausen), Lauterbach (today Fahrenzhausen ), Hohenbercha (today Kranzberg), Weißling near Kammerberg , Herrschenhofen (today Hohenkammer ), Paunzhausen , Salmading near Reichertshausen , Entrischenbrunn (today Hettenshausen );
- Indersdorf
with the areas Petershausen, Rettenbach (today Vierkirchen ), Ainhofen, Westerholzhausen and Eichhofen (both today Markt Indersdorf);
- Langenbach
with the former communities of Rudlfing, Oberhummel , Tüntenhausen (today the city of Freising) and Unterberghausen (today Marzling );
- Office on the Gfild
with Garching, Hollern and Dietersheim (today Eching), Fröttmaning (today city of Munich), Neufahrn and Pulling (today city of Freising).
The court stamps as independent sub-units
Such a care court or district court of the duke or elector was not a territorially uniform entity. It consisted of different parts, which represented a "patchwork carpet" on domains.
In Hofmarken the landlords could speak law independently of the Bavarian sovereign (except for the death penalty), as well as demand compulsory labor and taxes from the subordinates. Of the 25 court stamps, 13 were in spiritual possession: the Freising monastery included Massenhausen , Ottenburg (today Eching), Eisenhofen (today Erdweg ), Burghausen (today Kirchdorf ), Wippenhausen (today Kranzberg), Marzling and Hummel (today Langenbach); the monastery Indersdorf owned Indersdorf, Glonn (today Markt Indersdorf), Asbach (today Petershausen) and Pipinsried (today Altomünster ); the Weihenstephan monastery owned Vötting (today the city of Freising), the Neustift monastery (today the city of Freising) owned the Hofmark of the same name.
The court brands Thalhausen , Haindlfing , Sickenhausen, Schönbichl , Hohenkammer, Kammerberg , Aiterbach , Paunzhausen, Hagenau (only established in 1768), Kolbach, Jetzendorf and Garching belonged to noble owners. The Hofmark Aiterbach, which was divided into two parts, should be mentioned as a special feature. The brook, which was the border between the district court of Kranzberg and Moosburg and thus also between Upper and Lower Bavaria, flowed through the center of the village .
End of the district court in Kranzberg
The district court was created because the new ducal dynasty of the Wittelsbachers wanted to gradually expand their territory into a closed state rule. That is why Kranzberg and its castle were founded as a counterpoint to the bishopric of the Freising bishop, in order to make the expansion of the bishopric to the west impossible. When the Hochstift Freising was dissolved and incorporated into the electorate through secularization, the name of the district court was retained for the middle administrative units, but the district court of Kranzberg itself had become superfluous and had to relinquish this rank to the former episcopal residence town of Freising, which had become rural. Freising became the seat of a new regional court, which today bears the name Landkreis Freising.
literature
- Pankraz Fried : Historical Atlas of Old Bavaria, Series I, Issue 11–12: The Dachau and Kranzberg regional courts , Munich 1958.
- Pankraz Fried: Rulership history of the old Bavarian district courts Dachau and Kranzberg in the high and late Middle Ages as well as in the early modern period. Munich 1962.
- Christoph Bachmann / Florian Sepp: Justice (19th / 20th century) , in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, URL: < http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/artikel/artikel_44719 > (February 24, 2014)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
- ↑ Historical Atlas Avon Altbayern Series I, Issue 11–12, Munich 1958, p. 16 ff.
- ↑ Literaries of the Kranzberg Court 1a, p. 20 ff.
- ↑ H. Stahleder, Hochstift Freising, p. 146
- ↑ Frigisinga No. 5, Freising, 1928, p. 4ff.
- ↑ Historischer Atlas von Altbayern, Series I, issue 11-12, Munich 1958, p. 248f