Lipovina
| Lipovina | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Braniewo | ||
| Gmina : | Braniewo | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 21 ' N , 19 ° 59' E | ||
| Residents : | 892 | ||
| Postal code : | 14-528 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | NBR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 507 : Braniewo ↔ Dobre Miasto | ||
| Gronowo - Kalinówek → Lipowina | |||
| Rail route : |
PKP line 221: Braniewo - Gutkowo (- Olsztyn ) Railway station: Grodzie |
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| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Kaliningrad | |||
Lipowina [ lipɔˈvina ] ( German Lindenau , district of Heiligenbeil / East Prussia ) is a settlement in the north-west of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community Braniewo in the Powiat Braniewski ( Braunsberg ).
Geographical location
Lipowina is located 13 kilometers southwest of the district town of Braniewo ( Braunsberg ) on the Polish Voivodeship Road 507 (here part of the former German Reichsstraße 142 ), which leads in a south-easterly direction to Dobre Miasto ( Guttstadt ) in the powiat Olsztyński ( Allenstein district ). A side road joins Lipowina, which comes from the Polish-Russian border town of Gronowo ( Gruna ) and passes Kalinówek ( unity ), from where before 1945 the former district town of Heiligenbeil (now in Russian: Mamonowo), today in the Russian Kaliningrad region ( Königsberger area ), could be reached in just three kilometers.
The present - day Polish expressway S 22 from Elbląg ( Elbing ) , which was designed at the time as the Reichsautobahn Berlin – Königsberg , for onward travel since December 2010 via the Russian trunk road P 516 to Kaliningrad ( Königsberg (Prussia )) runs four kilometers west of Lipowina and is via the Braniewo junction / Maciejewo ( Braunsberg / Maternhöfen ).
Grodzie , two kilometers further west, is a train station on the state railway line from Braniewo ( Braunsberg ) to Gutkowo ( Göttkendorf ) and on to Olsztyn ( Allenstein ).
history
The old manor village of Lindenau was first mentioned in a document on March 5, 1339. At that time it was owned by Nikolaus Tolkyne . On that day, Heinrich Bestmann granted the court in the village of Lindenau free possession.
In 1444, Jost von Kirstansdurff sold the Lindenau and Breitlinde estates (now in Polish: Wola Lipowska) to the Kalnein family , and Duke Albrecht von Prussia renewed it in 1567 in favor of Johann von Kalnein on Kilgis (today Russian: Krasnoarmeiskoje, formerly: Sareschnoje) the feasts of the extensive possessions.
Albrecht von Kalnein (1611–1683) stood out among the lords of Lindenau and Breitlinde who followed him. The district administrator and captain zu Rastenburg (Kętrzyn) became a member of the government in Koenigsberg (Prussia) (Kaliningrad ) in 1654 , then Oberburggraf and in 1664 President of the Court of Appeal . The Lindenau estate was his country estate, which he expanded to include goods such as Strauben (Strubiny), Bahnau Mühle (Banowski Młyn) and a jug in Rosenberg (Krasnoflotskoje, now part of Mamonowo).
His successor Hans Albrecht von Kalnein handed over the Lindenau estates in 1704 to Joachim Melchior von Bredow , who also owned the Breitlinde, Strauben and Schöndamerau estates (later merged into Grunenfeld (Gronówko)). His heirs sold the Lindenau estates in 1739 to Field Marshal General Friedrich Leopold von Geßler (1688–1762), who in the same year sold them to his brother-in-law, Count Albrecht Sigismund von Zeiguth-Stanislawski (1688–1768), an illegitimate son of the Saxon Elector and Polish King August II ("the strong") passed on.
Count von Zeiguth-Stanislawski and his wife Princess Luise Albertine von Holstein-Beck (1694–1773) had the stately manor house built in Lindenau, the model of which is said to have been the palace of King Friedrich Wilhelm I, completed in 1731, in Königsberg (Kaliningrad) on Königsstrasse . The count used the estate as his summer residence.
In 1773 the Lindenau estates were first passed to Duke Karl Ludwig von Holstein-Beck (1690–1774), then to Prince Friedrich Karl Ludwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1757–1816), from 1775 Duke of Holstein Beck. He was married to Countess Friederike Amalie von Schlieben . In Lindenau, the duke and ducal couple created the stately park in its artistic design, and the duke himself had a lively exchange of ideas with the agricultural reformer Albrecht Thaer (1752–1828).
Lindenau probably experienced its greatest heyday in the second half of the 18th century. Nevertheless, the goods Lindenau and Grunenfeld had economic reasons to be auctioned and went 1820 Heinrich von Wolki , 1838 to the Counts of Dohna-Lauck (1840-1909), whose family at that time 1,094-hectare manor Lindenau with Vorwerk Wilhelmshof (Goleszewo) to 1945 owned and farmed. The last man on Lindenau was the officer and later politician Horst von Restorff (1880–1953).
From June 11, 1874, from the rural communities broad Linde (Wola Lipowska) and Cherry Village (Kiersy) and the agricultural estates Henneberg (Kokoszewo) and the Lindenau District Lindenau formed. On January 1, 1883, the Strauben manor district (Strubiny) was incorporated. In 1928 the previous Lindenau estate was converted into a rural community, so that on September 1, 1931, the Lindenau district only consisted of the three communities Breitlinde, Kirschdorf and Lindenau. This condition remained until 1945.
In 1910 Lindenau had 333 inhabitants. Their number rose to 402 by 1933 and was 396 in 1939.
Until 1945 Lindenau belonged to the district of Heiligenbeil in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . The village, from which the German population had fled or expelled, has been Polish under the name Lipowina since 1945 and belongs to the rural community Braniewo in the Braniewski powiat in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Elbląg Voivodeship ). Today the place has almost 900 inhabitants. The former manor became a state property. The manor house burned down completely on New Year's Eve 1978. The walls that were still standing have since fallen into disrepair.
religion
Parish church
At the end of the 15th century, a church made of field stones was built in Lindenau. In 1575 the church tower was rebuilt, and extensive renovation work took place in the 18th century. The building was destroyed in the Second World War .
After 1945 a new church was built in Lipowina, which bears the name of Mary , the "Queen of Poland".
Parish / Parish
Lindenau is a pre-Reformation church that has been a Protestant parish called "Groß Lindenau" since the Reformation . Until 1945 it belonged to the church district Heiligenbeil in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The parish of Lindenau had more than 1000 parishioners who lived in thirteen parish locations (* = school locations):
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On May 3, 1990, another - now Catholic - parish was established in Lipowina . It belongs to the Braniewo ( Braunsberg ) deanery in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Catholic Church in Poland . Protestant church members living here belong to the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Pastor
From the Reformation to the expulsion in 1945, there were Protestant clergy in Lindenau:
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Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Friedrich Wilhelm (1785–1831), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
- Horst von Restorff (1880–1953), German officer, landowner and politician ( DNVP )
Connected to the place
- Albrecht Sigismund von Zeiguth-Stanislawski , Postmaster General of Prussia, Imperial Count since 1736, died on September 16, 1768 at Gut Lindenau
- Friedrich von Restorff (1840–1909), owner of the manor in Lindenau since 1864, member of the Provincial Parliament in East Prussia
literature
- Emil Johannes Guttzeit: Lindenau, a famous manor. In: Ostpreußenblatt, January 15, 1955.
- Wulf D. Wagner: The goods of the district of Heiligenbeil in East Prussia. 2005.
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968.
Web links
- Lipowina (Polish) ( Memento from April 16, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- Lipowina-Lindenau on Ostpreussen.net
- Parish Lindenau ( Memento from March 26, 2008 in the web archive archive.today )
- Lindenau poem by Krafft von Restorff