Litermont
| Litermont | ||
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.jpg) View from the Bilsdorfer Steinberg to the Litermont. |
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| height | 414.2 m above sea level NN | |
| location | Saarland , Germany | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 24 '5 " N , 6 ° 47' 11" E | |
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The Litermont located in Saarland is a mountain range of up to 414.2 m above sea level. NHN and extends mostly into the Nalbacher Tal, with smaller foothills as far as Düppenweiler .
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geography
The 414.2 m above sea level. NHN high elevation of the Litermont lies northeast of Dillingen / Saar , between the villages of Düppenweiler , Nalbach and Hüttersdorf . The survey is such. B. also the Schaumberg near Tholey , one of the numerous testimonies of Permian volcanism in the area of today's Saar-Nahe mountains . The Litermont consists mainly of rhyolite , a Felsic and therefore granite- like volcanic rock in its chemical and mineralogical composition . The rock consists mainly of quartz , mica and feldspar . The rhyolite originated from a relatively SiO 2 -rich magma or a corresponding lava . Such an enrichment, also called magmatic differentiation , takes place almost exclusively when magmas rise within a relatively thick crust.
The rhyolite penetrated between older rock layers around 275 million years ago during the saal phase of mountain formation .
The copper deposits of the Litermontes were mined by the Dillinger Hütte , among others , the feldspar deposits were used by the Villeroy & Boch company for over 40 years .
history
Weir system on the Litermont
According to local tradition, there was a castle on the Litermont in the Middle Ages. However, there is no documentary mention. Oral tradition manifests itself for the first time in a poem probably written in the 18th century, which is dedicated to the alleged mistress Margarete von Litermont. According to legend, the presumed fortification was inhabited by Maldix vom Litermont. His mother, Margarete vom Litermont, is said to have donated the tithing of the bell in Nalbach on Good Friday after her son died in a hunting accident , which is why she was buried in the choir of the church in Nalbach after her death .
The pastor and historian Philipp Schmitt from Dillingen discovered small remains of walls and traces of three walls on the Litermont in the 19th century . Two smaller walls drew tightly around the top of the rock, the third and much larger one was in front of it. This trench can still be seen today in the area of the Litermont plateau. Historical research is unclear as to which of the ramparts can be assigned to the Roman or medieval era.
Masonry finds, which came to light below the rock peak during blasting work in 1927, possibly point to a smaller castle complex in the sense of a tower castle, which was destroyed at the latest in the 12th century. The three- to four-story castle tower is said to have been located roughly where the Litermont Cross stands today. The south-east facing side of the defense system was protected by the steep slope, the other sides probably by semicircular, palisade-reinforced ramparts with ditches in front of them.
Litermont Cross
The first documented pilgrimage to the Litermont is documented for the year 1552. In the middle of the 19th century, a large, widely visible cross was erected in honor of Margarete vom Litermont on the summit of the Litermont . It bears the inscription: “Memory of Margaretha von Lidermont. Hanc Crucem anno 1852 erexit et anno 1902 renovavit parochia Nalbach ”(This cross was erected in 1852 by the parish of Nalbach and renewed in 1902.)
The Piesbach blacksmith Johannes Becker (1826–1914) made the cross in 1852 for 150 thalers in the old Piesbach blacksmith shop. This was ceremoniously brought to the Litermont in a horse-drawn cart and placed on an existing, older base. The Christ body was made of ceramic. Johann Becker (* 1863), son of Johannes Becker, renovated the Litermont Cross in 1902 after it was damaged by a hurricane, also in the Piesbach smithy. The inscription on the base, which still exists today, was attached. The lower part of the sandstone plinth was redesigned by Friedolin Birk in 1950 and 1959. In 1981 strangers desecrated the cross. The damage was repaired by Norbert Becker from Piesbach, great-grandson of the maker of the cross Johannes Becker. In 1994 the cross was desecrated again. On the initiative of Nalbacher Paul Eisenbarth, the destroyed ceramic body was replaced by a metal body. In 2002 the State Conservatory Office of Saarland placed the Litermont Cross as a "historic processional and pilgrimage cross with a high situational value" under monument protection. The Piesbacher Schmiede was operated until 1965 when it was finally closed. Today it serves as a museum, in which the blacksmith's craft is taught through demonstrations.
The Litermont Cross is owned by the parish of St. Peter and Paul in Nalbach and is today the symbol of the civil parish of Nalbach. The stylized cross, surrounded by four stars (symbols of the Nalbach valley communities; without Diefflen), has been the heraldic center of the coat of arms since 1974 the community of Nalbach.
Copper mine
Stamp mill (left) and smelter (right) of the copper mine
Blower hall
Shaft system
stollen
stollen
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From the 18th century on, copper was mined at Litermont , but these mines are now exhausted. In Düppenweiler you can visit a museum mine of the Düppenweiler pit . In the late 20th century it was decided to make the former copper mine accessible as a visitor mine. After a development association took over the sponsorship in 1992, first the hut shaft, later the Sello and Hauzeur shafts, were made accessible, and a mine chapel, mouth hole and shaft roofs and the shaft house of the Hauzeur shaft were built above ground. The visitor operation began at the end of 1995. In 1999, the second expansion phase, in which the new Barbaraschacht was made accessible, was completed. This was followed by the reconstruction of a steam engine foundation and the establishment of an information center. There are also conveyor facilities and a wagon train above ground . The underground facilities can only be viewed as part of a guided tour through the Heilig-Kreuz-Schacht. Here information is provided on the construction of timber and square blocks, demolition blasts, blind shafts and the various work processes of the miners.
Optical telegraph
In sight of the summit cross is a rare, early technical monument , the original replica of an optical telegraph , it once belonged to the first optical state telegraph line in Germany (route Metz-Mainz, line length 225 km) based on the Claude Chappe system , which was built in 1813 was built by order of Emperor Napoleon . The neighboring stations were the Siersberg and the Hoxberg . With the conquest of the Rhineland by Prussia , the extremely innovative facility was no longer used in 1814 and slowly fell into disrepair. The Prussian forest administration began in 1856 with the reforestation of the cleared forest of the Litermont with fast growing conifers. A hurricane destroyed the monoculture in 1895. 10,000 cubic meters of pine wood were destroyed and the Litermont cross was also damaged.
Gray stone
The natural monument "Gray Stone" or "Druid Stone", an imposing rock formation of volcanic origin made of quartz porphyry, is said to have served as Celtic places of worship.
Bender's ski jump
During the Revolutionary Wars , the imperial field marshal Blasius Columban von Bender had fortifications built against the French in the so-called Benderschen Schanze in the "quarry in the hole" on Litermont. Finally, he completed his military career at the age of 82 by defending Luxembourg against the French for eight months until the surrender on January 6, 1795.
Siegfried Line bunker
The Litermont area is criss-crossed by numerous buildings on the west wall (bunkers, anti-tank barriers, etc.), which were built in the late 1930s. Most of these reinforced concrete structures were blown up after the Second World War and have not been accessible to the population inside since then. Your bizarre pieces of reinforced concrete have been overgrown by the nature of the Litermont. Only in the Nalbacher Geschichtspark is it still possible to visit a preserved facility inside.
Johannes Hoffman's hunting lodge
The hunting lodge of the first Saarland Prime Minister Johannes Hoffmann (politician, 1890) lies between the Litermont summit and the town of Düppenweiler . It is not open to the public.
Litermont housing estate
A housing estate is being built on the Litermont, between the summit and Düppenweiler .
Premium hiking trails
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A forest adventure trail has been located on the Litermont since summer 2005. The Litermont summit tour is the first premium hiking trail built in the Saarlouis district . On April 18, 2007, it was rated 80 adventure points by the German hiking institute, making it the highest award-winning hiking trail in Germany at that time.
The circular route is 13 km long and leads past streams, rest areas and climbing passages through rock faces to the 418 m high Litermont summit. Here you have a view from the Litermontkreuz far beyond the borders of the Saarland. Special features on the way to the summit are the "frog paradise", a secondary biotope in the area of a former sand pit. In a small space there is a juxtaposition of dry and wet biotopes, which offer an ideal habitat for rare plant and animal species. The willow dome is a living structure made of willow branches with a height of 7 m and a diameter of 10 m. The Nalbacher Weidendom is the first structure of its kind in Saarland and is used by the community for a variety of events.
Several large-format wooden sculptures and wooden installations made of poplar wood by the Berlin-born sculptor Örni Poschmann (* 1965), who worked in Lower Bavaria, are set up along a sculpture path . Poschmann came to Nalbach at the suggestion of the artist Margarete Lafontaine .
- Saarwald Association
The Saarwald-Verein , an association of the hiking movement , was founded on April 28, 1907 by hiking friends from Saarbrücken and Dillingen / Saar on the summit of the Litermont. The association is a member of the Association of German Mountain and Hiking Associations and maintains hiking trails and hiking homes in Saarland. The goals of the association are the maintenance of hiking, the training of hiking guides, the publication of maps and hiking literature as well as the protection of monuments and the maintenance of customs . He is also involved in nature conservation and landscape management .
Say
The Saarland folklorist Karl Lohmeyer handed down numerous folk tales with regard to the liter monte.
The legend of Maldix
The castle on the Litermont was inhabited by Maldix vom Litermont (probably a derisive name invented early on , Latin: maledictus = "bad", someone talked about bad - the opposite would be benedictus) and his mother Margarete. Knight Maldix was a fierce hunter and savage reveler. All of his mother's admonitions were in vain. Maldix, so the legend goes, also had a just as well as pious brother who was more concerned with his mother and who is said to have lived in the nearby Siersburg . If Maldix once again raged and cursed particularly badly at Litermont Castle, Margarete is said to have fled from Litermont to her pious son in Siersburg through an underground passage known only to her.
On holy Good Friday in the early morning hours before sunrise, when Margarete went to the Nalbacher church for prayer , Maldix wanted to organize a wild drive hunt in the Nalbacher Herrenwald with his vicious cronies against the heartfelt wish and despite the bad premonition of his pious and benevolent mother . He discovered a large deer and drove it through the forest to the Litermont. In a blasphemous manner he exclaimed: “Today the Lord dies for you, mother, and the stag for me.” When Maldix fell from his horse, shying in front of a steep cliff, screaming hideously, when Maldix fell into the deep (devil -) Gorge and cruelly died. The hunting party found him in his blood with broken limbs. But the mysterious stag had disappeared.
In the nocturnal storm wind, especially in the rough nights , according to legend, one hears the unredeemed spirit of Maldix, accompanied by blowing dog barks, cracking whips, horns, the hunters' hello and eerie sparks, still today on a glowing car, bringing misfortune, through the Primstal and roar through the Dillinger Forest . Margarete vom Litermont, his mother, grieved because of the unfortunate death of her son, donated the tithing of the bell in Nalbach, which is why she was buried in the choir of the church in Nalbach after her death.
More Litermont legends
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Karl Lohmeyer passed on other legends in connection with the Litermont:
- The ore grave legends of the Litermont: The legend tells that the Maldix of the Litermont is supposed to be buried in the copper tunnels of the mountain with his treasures in an iron box. But every time a treasure hunter in the stone veins had seen small blue flames over the boxes of gold, a flood of water had broken in over the seeker and the collapsing tunnel had buried everything under itself.
- The underground lake in the Litermont: The legend goes from the Litermont that the whole mountain is hollow underground and that it is filled by an underground lake fed by the southern inlets. There is a risk that the lake will run out one day and bury the whole area all around like a second deluge . In this gloomy subterranean lake the Maldix is banned. Immediately after his unhappy end, the devil took possession of his body and the treasures of his castle on the Litermont. Everything is safely stored in iron boxes that the devil sunk deep in the underground mountain lake. Only on Good Friday , in stormy nights and in the rough nights, did the devil allow Maldix to leave his wet grave in the mountain and race through the air of the Primstal and Dillinger Forest as a wild hunter. Then the Maldix would have to go back. The mountain opens up and with thunder and rumble, the Maldix rushes into the depths of the Litermont.
- The devil's hole on the Litermont: near the old castle on the Litermont summit, the devil's hole is hidden deep in the thicket of the forest. It is round like a well shaft. When a shepherd boy from Nalbach found it with his comrades, he was lowered by his friends on a long rope to find out what could be found in the depths. When the shepherd boy was finally down, he came across something hairy and bristly. When the boy was brought up to the daylight again, he was pale as a sheet and claimed to have seen the devil. The shepherd boy ran home screaming, got heart sick and soon died.
- The Patriarch of the Druidenstein on the Litermont: In the Litermont area an ancient stag with twelve-ended horns walked around, of which it was said that no hunter could meet him and which is therefore called "Patriarch of the Litermont" down in the valley. Nocturnal hikers sometimes saw the deer on moonlit nights at the legendary Druid Stone. That grabbed the ambition of daring Dillinger hunters who wanted to finally kill the stag. After all, they would have killed the stag at the Druid's Stone, and a nearly awesome stag would appear on the Litermont in a hundred years.
- The white rider from the Litermont: The legend tells that a magnificent rider dressed entirely in white rode down from the Litermont to Nalbach. This rider was said to have died in an unexplained manner near the Nalbach village church. Since then, the Nalbach bells have supposedly ringed by themselves every Friday in memory of the noble white rider and urge the pious worshiper to pray for the salvation of his soul. The ringing of the Nalbach bells on this occasion was only heard by really pious people in the valley like whimpering, distant laments.
Story of the "Liddermenner Wolf"
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The Saarland local researcher Aloys Lehnert from Diefflen , who dealt intensively with the narrative material of the Nalbacher Valley, passed on another story in addition to the Maldix saga, which is based on the Litermont: The saga of the "Liddermenner Wolf"
The story tells of a greedy wolf who roamed the area around the Litermont in search of prey. One after the other, however, he is cheated of his food by a mare and her colt, two rams, a group of goats and a sow with her piglets that he wants to eat. Finally , when he lay down tired under a gnarled oak in the Roden forest , he was hunted down with a cleaver by a Dieffler lumberjack, who had sought shelter from the wolf in the branches of the oak, and was thus unable to cause any more damage.
The "Lidermenner Wolf" is shown above the right side altar of the Dieffler parish church St. Josef and St. Wendelin in a mural tamed at the feet of St. Joseph of Nazareth with the baby Jesus.
literature
- Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbach Valley, A Saarland Homeland History, Nalbach 1990.
- Werner Kockler: The historic copper mine in Düppenweiler / Saar, mining history and mineralization, in: Our homeland, information sheet of the Saarlouis district for history and landscape, vol. 24, 2000, pp. 155–162.
- Hans-Joachim Kühn: The Bendersche Schanze near Düppenweiler, a field name from the time of the French Revolution (1792–1794), Historical Association for the Saar region, 42nd year, 1994, pp. 190–201.
- Aloys Lehnert: Vom Litermont, the landmark of the Primstal, in: Heimatkundliches Jahrbuch des Saarlouis district 1960, ed. from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde des Kreis Saarlouis, Saarlouis 1960, pp. 251–275.
- Rudolf Loeser: Rund um den Litermont, in: Zeitschrift für Rheinische Heimatpflege, 7th year, 1935, issue 1, pp. 21-30.
- Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, pp. 232–238.
- Dieter Lorig: The Litermont, renaissance of a legendary mountain, in: Our home, bulletin of the Saarlouis district for culture and landscape, 32nd year, 2007, issue 1, pp. 1-10.
- Gerhard Müller: The Glückauf-Schacht or Parisian chic in Düppenweiler, in: Our home, bulletin of the Saarlouis district for history and landscape, vol. 35, 2010, pp. 49-52.
- Martin Uhrhan: The copper mine in Düppenweiler, in: Beckingen in the course of time, a representation of the past and present of the Beckingen community and its districts, Merzig 1991, pp. 85-88.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland : http://www.iflis.de/index.php/saarland/anker-der-identitaet/geologie-und-relief#litermont
- ↑ Martin Uhrhan: The copper mine in Düppenweiler. In: Beckingen through the ages, a presentation of the past and present of the Beckingen community and its districts. Merzig 1991, pp. 85-88.
- ↑ http://www.beckingen.de/content/beckingen/Tourismus/wandern/litermont-sagenweg
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp 73-75.
- ↑ The oldest handwritten version in the Nalbach parish archives as a template for a publication in 1844: JP Mathias: The description of our district, Ein Lesebüchlein, Cologne 1844, p. 26.
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"Seht hoch des Berges Spitze glühn, so nackt und weiß den Litermont, am Saargestad´, die Wolken ziehn um ihn vom fernen Horizont. Dort stand die Burg, ein stolzer Bau, drin lebt in stillem Witwenstand Margaretha einst, die edle Frau, das frömmste Weib im ganzen Land. Doch ach, ihr Trost, ihr einz´ger Sohn, ein Ritter stolz und kühn, war wild, sprach heil´gem Brauche gerne Hohn, liebt Bär und Hirsch, nicht Christi Bild. Drum schwerer Gram ihr Herz bedrückt und manche Thrän´vom Aug´ ihr fließt; denn Satan hielt ihn fest umstrickt, umsonst Gebet vor Gott sie gießt. Als einst an Christi Todestag Margaretha fromm zu Nalbach kniet, geht jener seinen Lüsten nach, mit Ross und Hund zur Jagd er zieht. Der Meute läuft ein Hirsch bald auf, ein schnaubend Tier gar stolz und schön, das Roß eilt nach, gestreckt im Lauf verfolgt es heiß durch Wald und Höh´n. Und einen Satz der Hisch tut dann, vom Fels, der sich um´s Kirchlein schmiegt, o Strafgericht, ihm folgt der Mann, daß er zerschmettert unten liegt. O horcht, es klagt der Mutter Schmerz: Mein Sohn ist todt, o Herzeleid! Doch dieses bricht mir ganz das Herz, er war nicht in der Kirche heut! Nun in der Kirch´ Margaretha ruht, der Ritter in der Hölle haust, in heil´ger Nacht, roth, Flamm´ und Glut, auf Wagen er nach Siersberg saust. Drum bleib getreu dem frommen Brauch und ehret Christum unsern Herrn; dann thut euch nichts der schwarze Gauch, und Gottes Lieb beglückt euch gern.
(Original version based on the manuscript in the Nalbach parish archive)
- ^ Aloys Lehnert: Vom Litermont, the symbol of the Primstal, in: Heimatkundliches Jahrbuch des Saarlouis district 1960, ed. from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde des Kreis Saarlouis, Saarlouis 1960, pp. 251–275, here p. 256.
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter: The Saarland castles and palaces, Our homeland on the Saar, II. Episode, 1954, p. 46.
- ^ R. Seyler: Burgen und Schlösser im Land on the Saar, Journal for the History of the Saar Region, IX, 1959, pp. 150–157.
- ↑ H. Maisant: The Saarlouis district in prehistoric times, Saarlouis 1971, p. 190
- ↑ Margarethe Thinnes: Crosses and wayside shrines in Saarland, Saarbrücken 1985, p. 196.
- ↑ Article "A Piesbacher built the Nalbacher landmark", Saarbrücker Zeitung of August 7, 2002.
- ↑ http://www.nalbach.de/alte-schmiede-piesbach.html
- ↑ Martin Uhrhan. The copper mine in Düppenweiler, in: Beckingen in the course of time, a representation of the past and present of the Beckingen community and its districts, Merzig 1991, pp. 85-88.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbach Valley, A Saarland local history. Nalbach 1990, p. 170.
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: History of the city of Dillingen Saar , Krüger printing works, Dillingen 1968, pp. 563-564.
- ↑ Article "A Piesbacher built the Nalbacher landmark", Saarbrücker Zeitung of August 7, 2002.
- ↑ https://www.voelklinger-huette.org/de/die-kelten/europaeische-keltenroute/details/poi/show/Location/4-dueppenweiler-nalbach/ Europäische Keltenroute
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Kühn: The Bendersche Schanze near Düppenweiler, a field name from the time of the French Revolution (1792–1794), Historical Association for the Saar region, 42nd year, 1994, pp. 190–201.
- ↑ http://www.beckingen.de/content/beckingen/Tourismus/wandern/litermont-sagenweg
- ↑ http://www.westwalltag.de/html/bericht_2006.html
- ↑ http://www.nalbach.de/litermontmuseum-geschichtspar.html
- ^ Doris Seck : Saarländische Kriegsjahre, Volume 2: Company Westwall, Saarbrücken 1985.
- ↑ http://www.nalbach.de/skulpturenweg.html
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://oerniskulptur.de/oerniskulptur/Home.html
- ↑ Litermont summit tour ( Memento of the original from August 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 20, 2009.
- ↑ http://www.saarwald-verein.de/index.php?pid=27&info=1&jump=1&lease=1484593358&SID=ea3c74bc9721348c3c59a0f063788790&socm= , accessed on January 16, 2017.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, pp. 232-238.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, pp. 235–236.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, pp. 236-237.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, p. 237.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, p. 238.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar from their sources to the mouth, anniversary edition for the 100th birthday of Karl Lohmeyer on January 21, 1978, (= 3rd edition from 1952), Saarbrücken 1978, p. 238.
- ↑ Aloys Lehnert: The Saarland dialects, in: Das Saarland, A contribution to the development of the youngest federal state in politics, culture and economy, ed. by Klaus Altmeyer u. a., Saarbrücken 1958, pp. 409-439, here pp. 435-437.
