Ludwigsdorf (Görlitz)

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Ludwigsdorf
City of Goerlitz
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 50 ″  N , 15 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : about 200 m above sea level NN
Area : 9.4 km²
Residents : 753  (December 31, 2011)
Population density : 80 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1999
Postal code : 02828
Area code : 03581
map
Location of Ludwigsdorf in Görlitz

Ludwigsdorf has been a district of Görlitz with around 800 inhabitants since January 1st, 1999 . It is located in the Neisse floodplain and, together with the district of Ober-Neundorf, forms the northernmost part of the city.

history

According to the latest dendrochronological studies, the Ludwigsdorf Church was built around 1175 . Presumably Ludwigsdorf was created around 1150 in the course of the German settlement in the east . It goes without saying that at the time the church was built there had to be a certain level of prosperity in the village in order to be able to build and maintain the church. The clearing and construction phase must have been largely completed in 1175. The Waldhufendorf was first mentioned in 1305 under the name Lodewigesdorph (village of Ludwig) , while it was written as Lodewigisdorf in 1413, Ludwigsdorff in 1430, Lustorf in 1534 and Lostorf in 1559.

In February and March 1431 the Hussites were in Ludwigsdorf. From 1539 to 1655 Ludwigsdorf was already owned by the city of Görlitz, since in 1539 the honorable council of the royal city of Görlitz bought this village from the urban Emrich. In 1665 the rule of the property was divided, so that Nieder-Ludwigsdorf became the dominant center of power. Ober-Ludwigsdorf became the property of the citizens of Görlitz. In 1708, the aforementioned citizenship property came to the merchant Christian Friedrich Fromberg. He was also the heir to the towns of Klingewalde and Deutsch Ossig . In 1732, the merchant received the rank of nobility and with it all associated privileges (tax exemption, exercise of jurisdiction, etc.).

The stone plaques of the manor house from Niederhof from 1773 and 1880 indicate the owners and builders of the place. The mansion itself dates from the second half of the 16th century. In 1621 Mr. von Salza bought Ludwigsdorf on Ebersbach .

During and after the Wars of Liberation , from 1813 to 1816, according to the records of the then community leader Gottlieb Winkler, the community of Nieder-Ludwigsdorf suffered from billeting.

In 1900 the upper estate was dissolved.

The municipality of Ludwigsdorf was created on July 1, 1950 through the merger of the previously independent municipalities of Nieder Ludwigsdorf, Ober Ludwigsdorf and Ober Neundorf .

On January 1, 1999, Ludwigsdorf was incorporated into Görlitz.

Attractions

Many old houses, three and four-sided courtyards, have been preserved from the old village complex. The courtyard No. 54 is particularly worth seeing - a residential stable is shown here, i. H. Here are the apartment and stables under one roof - with a Kumthalle (Kumt = dishes for draft animals) and a side gallery. Monuments commemorate those who died in the wars of 1866 and 1870/71 as well as those of the First World War.

Parish church

Chorturmkirche in Ludwigsdorf (view from the southeast)
Rediscovered portal from the transition from Romanesque to Gothic

The church of Ludwigsdorf is mentioned for the first time in 1346 in the Meißner diocese register . The significantly older age of the structure could be proven with the help of dendrochronological studies. Accordingly, the choir was completed shortly after 1175 and the hall around 1192. Apparently the church was originally designed as a hall church with a choir square and apse . This corresponds to a type that is widespread in central Germany . The old age of the Ludwigsdorf Church gives reason to rethink the beginning and course of the German East Settlement . Until now it was assumed that large numbers of settlers did not advance into the Neisse valley until around 1200 .

Maybe at the beginning of the 13th century, the choir became a tower topped up so that the Ludwig Dorfer Church since the in Oberlausitz rare type of choir tower corresponds. The roof structure of the choir was used again for the tower roof and was thus completely preserved. This roof structure and that of the hall are the oldest known roof structures in today's Saxony .

In the 13th century, the church received an elaborate south portal in transitional forms from the late Romanesque to the Gothic . Fragments of this former access were found a few years ago and rebuilt in their original location. Despite the high degree of destruction, birds can be recognized from the two high-quality column capitals that are pecking at a grapevine. The archivolt , surrounded by acanthus , is supported by figurative figures (mixed or mythical creatures?).

Around 1485, a ribbed vault with a maker's mark was drawn in on one of the keystones in the hall. The openings of the Romanesque arched windows that still existed up to that point were used as abutments . Their round arches have been preserved to this day in the attic above the vault. The gothic pointed arch windows that were broken into at that time were enlarged in the middle of the 19th century, they lost their original tracery structure .

In 1849, with the relocation of the access to the west side, a simple entrance hall was built. From here you enter the hall, on the west, south and north sides of which there are wooden galleries with bulging parapets and faded neo-Gothic paintwork. To the west, on the second floor, is the organ gallery with twisted parapet bars. It was expanded in 1872 to make room for the singers. At that time the organ of the Schweidnitz organ builder Schlag & Söhne was installed. Formerly existing galleries and two patron saints' boxes were removed after the Second World War .

In the area of ​​the upper north gallery, parts of a pictorial wall design that have not yet been examined in more detail have been preserved. There may be several versions on top of each other. Above all, a number of horses can be recognized in a larger scenic context.

The pulpit in the triumphal arch dates from the second half of the 17th century . Powerful pillars on consoles divide the basket , which is also adorned with abundant mannerist decoration, into five fields. The four evangelists and Moses with the tablets of the law are also placed on consoles . However, they date from the early 18th century and were probably created together with the sound cover , which is crowned by a representation of the Trinity . The baroque pulpit clock attached to the side served to regulate the pastor's speaking time.

In the choir is the oldest piece of equipment in the church, a late Gothic font in the shape of a chalice. The altar of the Ludwigsdorf church is quite plain today. A baroque crucifix with a younger cross rises on a simple cafeteria . Until 1878 there was a wooden carved altarpiece, which was laterally framed by the wooden statues of the apostles Peter and Paul .

The three chandeliers were donated in 1880 and 1881 . In 1891 the old Gothic font was replaced by a new one made of white marble , which had also been donated.

Fromberg's crypt

On the north side of the church is the Fromberg crypt , which was built at the beginning of the 18th century by the owners of the Oberludwigsdorf estate as a representative burial place. The elaborate epitaph inside has almost life-size and fully plastic allegorical representations of the Christian virtues of faith and hope as figurines . The textile curtain draped around the tomb in the form of an illusionistic wall mount has at least partially been preserved under younger layers of paint and has already been partially exposed itself. Similar crypt houses are also located on the Görlitz Nikolaifriedhof .

Watermill

Watermill Ludwigsdorf

The mill is located in Niederludwigsdorf on the Mühlengraben, a tributary of the Neisse . A watermill is mentioned as early as 1305 in Ludwigsdorf , possibly a predecessor of today's building. On the street-side facade there are three inscription panels about renovations, the oldest of which dates from the 17th century. The second is from 1859 when a steam mill was added to the building. The third was installed in 1930 when the mill was fitted with new technical equipment after a fire, which is still functional today. From 1993 to 1997 the mill operated a computerized system. Today the building houses an event restaurant.

The mill comprises two building complexes. The building on the street side, a longitudinal four-story structure, is evidently very old at its core. The earliest structures are still recognizable in the lower area in the thick walls, a round arch portal and in the window design. On the north-eastern side, at the height of the first two floors, there is a wooden, roofed connecting corridor that leads to the second building complex. This dates from 1879 and was initially used as a spinning mill for a cloth factory . The still preserved metal waterwheel that operated the spinning machine belonged to this . Later this building was used as a granary used.

Demisch manor

The former manor house of Gutshof Demisch served as a citizens' office and daycare center until 2010.

Economy and Transport

Main plant of the Ludwigsdorf lime works in 1957

The Ludwigsdorf customs office is responsible for the motorway border crossing ( Bundesautobahn 4 / Autostrada A4 ) to Poland.

Since the Middle Ages, the mineral resources mined near Ludwigsdorf have been of great importance for the Görlitz area and the whole of eastern Upper Lusatia. Limestone has been quarried since the 14th century. Evidence of this is borne out by an invoice from 1378 from Kalkbrennern to the city of Görlitz. The scheduled dismantling took place from 1752 to 1988. The last owner of the Gruschka lime works was expropriated as part of the reforms in the former Soviet occupation zone, and the United Lime Works Ludwigsdorf was established in 1946 with the operating parts Ludwigsdorf, Kunnersdorf and the Charlottenhof loading station connected to its own operating line . Later it became the VEB (K) Kalkwerke Ludwigsdorf. The "K" refers to the local administration of the company. As part of the Association of People's Own Enterprises, the Kalkwerke became part of the VVB (Association of People's Own Enterprises) Kalkwerke Rüdersdorf, but still with quite a bit of independence. The quality control of the building material took place in Ludwigsdorf. In 1988 the lime works in Ludwigsdorf as well as in Kunnersdorf ceased operations due to insufficient profitability. Previously, attempts had been made to keep operations going for a few years by also extracting the limestone underground. It was unique that limestone was not extracted in open-cast mining. After all, Ludwigsdorf had a good name in the former GDR due to this economic efficiency, and the building material was even exported.

The disused parts of the plant can still be seen today. The old rubble heaps of the overburden have meanwhile been taken over by an interesting flora. In 1991, however, a garbage dump was set up at the former lime works in Kunnersdorf, while the overburden area in Ludwigsdorf is now a protected nature reserve. The industrial building with the wagon system and the loading ramp no longer exists today. When walking the path from the site of the former location of the industrial building through the mining area of ​​the underground mine to the former administration building, extreme caution is required, as the path is not maintained and at the edge of the quarry parts of the path can loosen and fall into the depths of the shaft.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ goerlitz.de: Statistical monthly figures for the city of Görlitz, December 2011 . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 18, 2012 ; Retrieved June 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.goerlitz.de
  2. ^ Ludwigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

literature

  • Görlitz and its surroundings (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 54). 1st edition. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1994, ISBN 3-7400-0932-2 , p. 46 ff.
  • Noky / Oelsner / Frenchkowsky: Roof structures of the 12th century in the OL. An interim report on the investigations at the church in Ludwigsdorf near Görlitz. In: Preservation of monuments in Görlitz. 14. 2005, pp. 5-12
  • Werner Priebs: The Ludwigsdorf lime works. Ludwigsdorf 2010
  • Dietmar Ridder: The church in Ludwigsdorf - one of the oldest churches in Upper Lusatia, in: Preservation of monuments in Görlitz. A series of publications, issue 15, Görlitz, Zittau 2007, 21–29.

Web links

Commons : Ludwigsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files