Luisenfriedhof III

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Former hereditary burials on the west wall of the cemetery

The Protestant Luisenfriedhof III in the Westend district of Berlin is an avenue district cemetery with a size of 12.0  hectares that has existed since 1891 . The entire cemetery is a listed building .

The cemetery is located on Fürstenbrunner Weg in the immediate vicinity of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Cemetery and is connected to it by two paths.

history

Due to the rapid population growth in Charlottenburg at the end of the 19th century, the Luisenfriedhof II , which only opened in 1867, soon became too small again. A new cemetery was therefore created on the site of a church's own sand pit on the Spandauer Berg , far outside of the buildings at that time, north of Charlottenburg. Planning began in 1891 with the appointment of a design commission. The landscape gardener Otto Vogeler was entrusted with this. He did not follow the current trend of park cemeteries at the time , but planned an avenue district cemetery using local plants. 500 avenue trees, mainly linden , maple and oak , as well as 4500 other trees were planted. The first burial in the new cemetery took place on June 19, 1891.

Cemetery chapel

In the following two years the cemetery chapel was built based on designs by Johannes Vollmer and Heinrich Jassoy . You had emerged as the winner of a competition to design a chapel. The chapel is a light red brick building with early Gothic style elements. The base consists of artificial sandstone, the facades are structured by black glazed shaped stones , brown glazed cornices and white panels . Towards the entrance, the chapel opens up with a vestibule under a large arch. On the roof perched a slender, high ridge turret , which, however, in the Second World War was lost. The chapel is assigned to the wall pillar churches and is considered a typical cemetery chapel building for the period from 1890 to 1905.

An entrance portal, also planned by Vollmer and Jassoy, which would have corresponded architecturally to the chapel, was not implemented. Instead, a cast iron portal was built.

In the years 1893/94, a one-and-a-half-storey administration building was erected north of the entrance , based on designs by Paul Bratring . The red brick building is based on the architecture of the cemetery chapel. The administration of the three cemeteries of the Luisengemeinde as well as an apartment for the gravedigger were accommodated here.

In 1905 the cemetery was enlarged to its present size to the south. Vogeler continued the geometric design of the cemetery here. To create the avenues, 300 linden and 180 elms were planted on the extension area. Since then, the area of ​​the cemetery has changed only slightly. In the southwest corner, part of the cemetery is used by the Armenian community in Berlin.

A memorial photo was erected in 1922 for those who fell in World War I and is part of the garden monument.

There have been war graves in the cemetery since 1945. There are several facilities with a total of 816 war victims.

Significant graves of art history

Heinrich Brugsch grave

Heinrich Brugsch grave

The tomb of the Egyptologist Heinrich Brugsch is unique as it is a sarcophagus lid that probably dates from the Old Kingdom . The inscription applied at the end of the 19th century with the age indication “4000 BC. Chr. ”Is not tenable from today's perspective. Experts believe it was built between 2400 and 2200 BC. Chr. From. The coffin top is made of rose granite , also known as Aswan granite, and comes from Saqqara . For the tomb it was set up vertically and labeled. A brother of Heinrich Brugsch, Emil Brugsch , who became curator of the Egyptian museums in Bulaq and Cairo with the support of Heinrich Brugsch , had this unusual tomb built.

The original design still contained a bronze medallion with a portrait of Brugsch, which was made by Max Rabes . There was also a bronze plaque with a bird, lotus flowers and an Arabic inscription. Instead there is now a plaque with the dates of the descendants of Brugsch, who were also buried here.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Association for the Promotion of the Egyptian Museum Berlin had the grave restored.

Grisebach grave

Grisebach grave

On the occasion of the death of his son Edward, the architect Hans Grisebach had an hereditary burial built based on his ideas. This tomb stands out on the west wall of the cemetery because of its beneficial restraint, which is limited to quality craftsmanship. This is characterized by a mosaic by Hermann Schaper , which shows the deceased son, saved by angels. The manufacture of the mosaic is attributed to the company Puhl & Wagner .

After his death in 1904, Hans Grisebach was also buried in this hereditary funeral.

Grave Götze in the state of 2009

Grave of Emil Gotze

After Emil Götze's death, the descendants of the “Royal Prussian Chamber Singer” had an hereditary burial designed by the architects Erdmann & Spindler , who had already distinguished themselves through numerous representative grave designs .

Erdmann & Spindler designed a tomb made of red granite ; it is particularly eye-catching because of its large curves. The convex curve of the rear wall merges into the side wings, which, curved concavely, reach almost to the floor. As a decorative accessory, the tomb was given a round relief portrait and two rectangular panels with scenic representations. These three reliefs were made by the sculptor Lilli Wislicenus-Finzelberg . Richard Gerschel made a rosary, which followed the curve of the back wall as a semi-circular relief .

In the post-war period, like the Brugsch grave, the metal decorations were stolen and probably sold as scrap metal and melted down. The grave site has been used as a community grave since 2004. The areas of the missing reliefs were used for panels of those now buried here.

Hirschwald grave

Hirschwald grave

The Hirschwald hereditary burial was built around 1899 for the late publisher Ferdinand Hirschwald. The grave wall in classical style is framed by two pilasters , each with an amphora . The two side wings of the typical tripartite division are reduced to marginal pieces. In front of the grave wall is the grave sculpture of a young woman who takes up Art Nouveau elements with the flowing shapes of the falling dress . The sculpture was created by the Hirschwald's son-in-law, the sculptor Hans Dammann , who specialized in tomb sculptures. The sculpture is the figure “Sleep” shown in 1899 at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition . This was understood as the artistic implementation of the resurrection idea.

Grave Valentin

Grave Valentin

The factory owner Julius Valentin, who also sat on the supervisory board of AEG and was friends with Emil Rathenau , had a hereditary burial erected, which today is considered to be one of the best-quality graves on Luisenfriedhof III.

As early as 1902, Valentin was taking care of the design of his future tomb. The design of the facility comes from the architect Wilhelm Güthlen , the sculptures were made by Fritz Schaper . The tomb in the immediate vicinity of the chapel is designed as a crypt . On both sides of the entrance to this there are large plates with the inscriptions. The marble grave monument on the back shows a female genius as a high relief . The skyward gaze of the sculpture is supposed to symbolize the resurrection hope of the buried. In the base area there are two as relief carved cherubs .

The construction of the grave dragged on for over ten years, as Valentin spent a long time negotiating the burial place with the community and the neighboring grave owners and a dispute with Schaper was even fought in court. Nevertheless, the grave was completed on time, as Valentin only died at the age of 81 in 1921.

Well-known personalities buried

(* = Honor grave of the state of Berlin)

literature

  • Birgit Jochens, Herbert May: The cemeteries in Berlin-Charlottenburg / History of the cemetery facilities and their tomb culture . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-87776-056-2 .
  • Berlin and its buildings / Part X Volume A Systems and buildings for supply / (3) Funeral services . Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin / Munich 1981, ISBN 3-433-00890-6 .
  • Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude & Spener, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-7759-0476-X .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ List of Berlin cemeteries (PDF; 84 kB) of the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development
  2. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
  3. ^ Berlin and its buildings. Funeral Services, p. 51.
  4. ↑ Jochens / May, p. 56.
  5. ↑ Ev. Luisenfriedhof III on Berlin.de , image
  6. ↑ Luisenfriedhof III on denkfried.de
  7. ^ H. Nehls: The stolen relief / notes on the tomb of the Egyptologist Heinrich Brugsch . In: Museum Journal. II, 5th year (1991), p. 6f.
  8. ↑ Jochens / May, p. 192.
  9. ^ Newer buildings by Erdmann and Spindler, architects in Berlin. In: Berliner Architekturwelt , 6th year 1903/1904, issue 2 (May 1903) ( online as PDF; 7.2 MB), p. 43 (text), p. 66 and p. 68 (images).
  10. ↑ Martina Samulat-Gede: The sculptor Hans Dammann (1867–1942) and his artistic work in examples . Series of publications by the Förderkreis Ohlsdorfer Friedhof eV, Volume 9. 2003, p. 12.
  11. ↑ Jochens / May, p. 200.
  12. ↑ Honorary graves of the State of Berlin (as of January 2009) (PDF; 566 kB)

Web links

Commons : Luisenfriedhof III  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 29.1 ″  N , 13 ° 16 ′ 37.6 ″  E