Mangalore

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Mangalore
Mangalore (India)
Red pog.svg
State : IndiaIndia India
State : Karnataka
District : Dakshina Kannada
Sub-district : Mangalore
Location : 12 ° 52 '  N , 74 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 12 ° 52 '  N , 74 ° 53'  E
Height : 45 m
Area : 132.45 km²
Inhabitants :
-  Agglomeration :		 484,785 (2011)
619,664 (2011)
Population density : 3660 inhabitants / km²
Website : www.mangalorecity.mrc.gov.in
View over Mangalore
View over Mangalore

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Mangaluru ( Tulu : ಕುಡ್ಲ Kudla , Kannada : ಮಂಗಳೂರು Maṅgaḷūru ), until 2014 Mangalore , is an important port city in the southwest Indian state of Karnataka with around 485,000 inhabitants.

620,000 people live in the metropolitan area (2011 census). Mangaluru is the capital of the Dakshina Kannada district (southern Kanara). The former city name 'Mangalore' [ˈmæŋɡəlɔːr] continues to be used in various ways.

geography

Geographical location

Mangaluru is located at 12.52 degrees north and 74.53 degrees east on a lagoon of the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean), into which the two rivers Gurupura and Netravati flow. The city is located about 300 km west of Bangalore and just under 20 km north of the border with Kerala . The stretch of coast south from Mangaluru to the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent is known as the Malabar Coast (Spice Coast ), with the Konkan Coast joining to the north .

The urban area covers 132.45 km².

climate

In Mangaluru there is a tropical climate change . Temperatures fluctuate only slightly over the course of the year between 25.9 degrees Celsius in July and August and 29.3 degrees Celsius in April. The annual average temperature is 27.2 degrees Celsius. The main precipitation period falls during the monsoon period from June to September, the heaviest precipitation falls in July with 1019 mm. Throughout the year, an average of 3410 mm falls.

Mangalore
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
1.1
 
33
21st
 
 
0.2
 
33
22nd
 
 
2.7
 
34
24
 
 
27
 
34
25th
 
 
195
 
33
25th
 
 
1032
 
30th
23
 
 
1162
 
28
23
 
 
766
 
29
23
 
 
287
 
30th
23
 
 
200
 
31
23
 
 
74
 
32
22nd
 
 
15th
 
33
21st
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: India Meteorological Department , www.wetter.com
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mangalore
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 32.8 33.1 33.6 34.1 33.3 29.7 28.3 28.5 29.6 30.9 32.4 32.8 O 31.6
Min. Temperature (° C) 20.9 21.8 23.6 25.0 25.1 23.4 22.9 22.9 23.0 23.1 22.4 21.2 O 22.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 1.1 0.2 2.7 26.8 195.4 1,032.2 1,161.7 765.5 287.2 199.5 73.6 14.8 Σ 3,760.7
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 10.1 10.3 9.5 9.6 8.9 4.2 2.9 4.4 5.7 7.4 8.6 9.0 O 7.5
Rainy days ( d ) 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.8 9.4 26.6 30.3 28 18.5 12.8 6.1 1.8 Σ 136.8
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
32.8
20.9
33.1
21.8
33.6
23.6
34.1
25.0
33.3
25.1
29.7
23.4
28.3
22.9
28.5
22.9
29.6
23.0
30.9
23.1
32.4
22.4
32.8
21.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		1.1
0.2
2.7
26.8
195.4
1,032.2
1,161.7
765.5
287.2
199.5
73.6
14.8
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

The name Mangaluru / from it anglicized Mangalore is said to have its origin in the Hindu patron goddess of the city, Mangaladevi. The Roman scholar Pliny the Elder already mentioned the mouth of the river “Nithrias”, Ptolemy that of the river “Nitre”. Most likely both related to the Netravati.

The city is mentioned as Mangalapura in an inscription on a copper plate from the 7th century. Until the 14th century it was ruled by various dynasties such as the Kadamba , Chalukya , Alupa , Rashtrakuta and Hoysala . Little is known about their rule, however. In 1342 the Arab explorer Ibn Battuta visited the city.

Tipu Sultan built the Sultan Battery Fortress in Mangaluru

From the 14th to the 16th century it belonged to the Vijayanagar empire, whose rulers allowed the Portuguese to build a fortress in 1505. In 1568 the Portuguese took Mangalore and built a new fortress. The power of the colonial rulers began to crumble in the 17th century. Under Raja Shivappa Nayaka (1645-1660) of Keladi , the Portuguese had to tolerate his domination, but they regained strength after his death. After they had banned the Arabs from trading in Mangaluru, they burned the city down in 1695. In 1714 the Portuguese returned. They were finally driven out by the Mysore King Hyder Ali in 1763 . Shipbuilding gained enormous importance under him. However, Hyder Ali only determined the fate of the city for five years, then it was conquered by the British . From 1794 to 1799 Mangalore was under the sovereignty of Mysore for another five years, this time under Hyder Ali's son Tipu Sultan , and then finally passed into British possession. It remained there until India gained independence in 1947. Mangalore, now Mangaluru, has belonged to Karnataka since 1956 .

On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the state in 2006, the government of Karnataka decided, following a proposal by the writer UR Ananthamurthy , to change the English name of the city to the Kannada form of the name Mangaluru . The Indian central government under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh initially did not agree to the name change. Only under the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi , elected in 2014, did the renaming officially come into effect on November 1, 2014, when the German government confirmed.

Culture

language

The most widely spoken language is Tulu . Kannada is also widely used as a second or mother tongue; there are also minorities of Konkani and Malayalam speakers.

religion

The religious composition of Mangaluru is similar to that of Kerala , because although the Hindus are by far the largest religious community, there are considerable Muslim and especially Catholic minorities.

Mangalore is the seat of the Mangalore diocese .

Typical of Mangaluru and its surroundings is Yakshagana , a kind of traditional dance theater in which scenes from Hindu mythology are mostly shown.

education

Mangaluru has been the seat of a university since 1980. The National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal (NITK) comes close to the rank of university. There are also several private colleges.

Sports

In Mangalore there are some regional sports that are very popular, such as: B. a bull race. But also chess, soccer, cricket and a variety of other sports.

Attractions

St. Aloysius Church in Mangalore

Multiple conquests and destruction have left little of Mangaluro's rich historical legacy. Nevertheless, there are some architectural monuments that remind of the great historical importance.

Kadri Manjunath Temple
The 11th century Hindu temple, built in the Kerala style, houses a bronze statue of the goddess Lokeshwara, which is one of the finest bronze works in all of India.
St. Aloysius College Chapel
Built between 1899 and 1900, the church has an exceptionally beautiful interior decoration by the Italian artist Antonio Moscheni . Frescoes and paintings show, among other things, the life of Saint Aloisius von Gonzaga , who gave the church its name, as well as depictions of the Apostle Thomas , who is said to have introduced Christianity to India, of Saint Francis of Assisi and other saints. There are also biblical scenes.
Mangaladevi Temple
The city of Mangaluru owes its name to the temple dedicated to the goddess Mangaladevi. It dates from the 10th century.
Sultan's Battery
Today only a ruin, the black stone fortress still bears witness to the changeful history of Mangaluru. Tipu Sultan had it docked in the north of the city at the end of the 18th century to prevent warships - especially British ones - from entering the Gurpur River.
Shri Sharavu Mahaganapathi Temple
This 800 year old temple is an important Hindu pilgrimage site in the center of Mangaluru.

Other noteworthy sights are the Sri Gokarnath Temple, the Rosario Cathedral, the Milagres Church and the Shrimati Bai Memorial Museum.

Economy & Infrastructure

Of great importance is the new seaport (New Mangalore Port) about 10 km north of the city center, which is one of the largest and most important in India . 75 percent of Indian coffee exports are processed here. Cashew nuts and pepper are other important export products . In 2004/05 33.89 million tons were handled, making Mangaluru sixth among the 12 main sea ports in India. The year-on-year growth was 27 percent, the highest of all 12 ports. In recent years the port has always recorded double-digit growth rates.

The most important branches of industry in Mangaluru are the chemical, textile and electrotechnical industries, and the processing of agricultural products also plays an important role in the region. In Mangaluru there are u. a. an oil refinery .

Mangaluru also has an International Airport (former name: Bajpe Airport; IATA code: IXE), which is about 20 km outside the city center, near the city of Bajpe. There are daily flights to Mumbai and Bangalore from there . On May 22, 2010, 158 people were killed when a plane coming from Dubai shot over the runway and caught fire ; only a few inmates survived the disaster.

Twin cities

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities related to the city

  • Anant Agarwal (* 1959), Indian-American computer scientist, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT
  • Aravind Adiga (* 1974), writer

Web links

Commons : Mangalore  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 154 kB)
  2. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 141 kB)
  3. ^ S. Rajendran: Center mum on 'Bengaluru'. The Hindu , December 18, 2007, accessed October 30, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Mugdha Variyar: Bangalore, Mysore, Karnataka Other Cities to be Renamed on 1 November. International Business Times, October 18, 2014, accessed October 30, 2015 .
  5. ^ Spiegel Online: Mangalore: Machine shoots over runway , May 22, 2010