Martyn Nikolayevich Lyadov

Martyn Nikolajewitsch Lyadow (around 1905)

Martyn Nikolayevich Lyadov was born Martyn Nikolayevich Mandelstam , ( Russian Мартын Николаевич Лядов , maiden name Russian Мартын Николаевич Мандельштам ; born August 12 ^{. Jul} / 24. August  1872 ^greg. In Moscow , † 6. January 1947 ) was a Russian revolutionary and historian .

Life

Lyadow, son of the gynecologist Nikolai Martynowitsch (Nochim Mendelewitsch) Mandelstam (1826-1882) and his wife Vera Ossipowna Ioffe, entered the 2nd Moscow high school in 1881. In the 3rd grade he was expelled from school for reviling the inspector. He was then sent to his uncle in Mitau , where he attended the German secondary school. In 1890 he appeared as a one-year volunteer in the 114th Nowotorschski - infantry regiment one. In August 1891 he was released as a junior sergeant in the reserve and returned to Moscow.

In 1893 Lyadov was involved in founding the Moscow Workers' Union. In 1895 he organized the May Day celebration for Moscow in Veshnyaki . He was arrested in July 1895 and, after two years in prison, exiled to Yakutia Oblast for five years , whereupon he lived in Verkhoyansk until February 1902 . After returning from exile, he worked in Saratov in the statistics office of the Zemstvo Governorate and became a member of the Saratov Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP). In February 1903 he went abroad and joined the Berlin group of Iskra employees. At the II. Congress of the RSDRP in August 1903, first in Brussels and then in London , he stood on the side of the Bolsheviks . He also worked as a historian and wrote a book on the history of the RSDRP, which appeared in 1906.

At the conference of the revolutionary parties in Geneva in April 1905, initiated by Georgi Apollonowitsch Gapon after the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Lyadov was elected to the office of the majority committee. In between he was illegally in St. Petersburg . On the III. He was a delegate to the RSDRP Congress in London in April 1905 and reported on it in the foreign and Russian party organizations. In August 1905 Lyadov was arrested in Baku , but he was able to escape from prison. In December 1905 he became a member of the Moscow Executive Committee for leading the Moscow December Uprising. In January 1906 he traveled to the Urals and Siberia as an agent of the Central Committee (ZK) . At the 4th Congress of the RSDRP in April and May 1906 in Stockholm he was again a delegate and then worked in the St. Petersburg Committee. When the Sveaborg uprising began at the end of July 1906, the Central Committee sent Lyadov there to lead the uprising, but by then the uprising was already suppressed. He then worked in the Finnish Fighting Organization and took part in the Conference of Fighting Organizations in Tammerfors in November 1906. He led the election campaign for the Second State Duma in 1907 . At the V Congress of the RSDRP in London in May 1907 he was a delegate of the Ural Organization.

Lyadow then worked in the Moscow Oblast Office together with Stanislaw Wolski (Andrei Wladimirowitsch Sokolow) and Wladimir Michailowitsch Schuljatikow and was a delegate at the Paris Conference in January 1909. In the spring of 1909 he was at the organization of the First RSDRP Agitprop School on the island of Capri involved. Together with lecturers and students from the school, he became a member of the émigré group Vperjod ( Vorwärts ) founded in December 1909 by Bogdanow and Alexinsky , to the Berman , Gorky , Desnitsky , Kalinin , Krassin , Lebedew-Polyansky , Lunacharsky , Manuilski , Menshinsky , Pokrovsky , Trainin , Zchakaja , Schanzer , Wolski and others belonged. Lyadov was also involved in organizing the school in Bologna .

In 1911 Lyadov returned to Russia , legalized himself and went to Baku. He worked in the Council of the Congress of Petroleum Industries and in the office of the Nobel brothers . He was the editorial secretary of the magazine Petroleum Business .

After the February Revolution of 1917 , Lyadov became vice-chairman of the Baku Soviet and editor of its newspaper, joining the Mensheviks . After Baku was occupied by Turkish and Azerbaijani troops, Lyadov was arrested and imprisoned. Before the handover of Baku with the rest of the Turkish troops to the British and white troops, Lyadov was expelled to Georgia . 1918–1920 he lived and worked in the Democratic Republic of Georgia .

After the establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia , Lyadov returned to Moscow, where he was again accepted into the ranks of the Bolsheviks. He worked in the Petroleum Syndicate of the USSR, and then became the director of the administration of the petroleum industry.

In 1922 Lyadov was sent to Novgorod to work with the party . 1923–1929 Lyadov was rector of the Sverdlov Communist University . In 1929 he became head of the main administration of the scientific, scientific-artistic and museum facilities and in 1930 head of the archive of the October Revolution . He was a member of the Scientific Councils of the Lenin Institute and the Commission on the History of the October Revolution and the CPSU ISTPART . He was a delegate of the XII. – XVI. Congress of the CPSU. 1927–1930 he was a member of the Central Revision Commission of the CPSU. He was a candidate of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In 1932 he became a personal pensioner of great importance for the USSR . He wrote the first work on the history of the CPSU.

Lyadov's urn was buried in the columbarium of the Novodevichy cemetery . One of the central squares in Nizhny Novgorod bears Lyadov's name.

The lawyer and diplomat Andrei Nikolajewitsch Mandelstam was Lyadov's brother.

Web links

• Literature by and about Martyn Nikolajewitsch Lyadow in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Большая биографическая энциклопедия: Лядов, Мартын Николаевич (accessed September 15, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Большая российская энциклопедия: ЛЯ́ДОВ (наст. Фам. Мандельштам) Мартын Николаевич (accessed September 15, 2019).
3. ↑ М. Н. Лядов: История Российской социал-демократической рабочей партии: Ч. 1-2 . кн-во Е. Д. Мягкова "Колокол", St. Petersburg 1906.
4. ↑ М. Н. Лядов: 25 лет Российской Коммунистической партии (большевиков). Исторический обзор развития и борьбы . Бахмут, 1924.
5. ↑ М. Н. Лядов: Из жизни партии в 1903-1907 годах (Воспоминания) . Госполитиздат, Moscow 1956.