Moraea

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Moraea
Moraea bellendenii

Moraea bellendenii

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Iris family (Iridaceae)
Subfamily : Iridoideae
Tribe : Irideae
Genre : Moraea
Scientific name
Moraea
Mill.

Moraea is a genus of plants belonging to the family of the Iris family (Iridaceae), which belong to the monocot plants . The 230 or so species are found only in the Old World. The center of biodiversity is the capensis .

description

Illustration from Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , 1803 by Moraea aristata
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 750 by Moraea papilionacea
Illustration from Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum , 1952: “ Figure i. Moraea macronyx Lewis, i. Plant in flower. 2. Outer perianth segment. 3. Inner perianth segment. 4. Flower with perianth segments removed, showing pedicel, ovary, stamens and style branches. 5. Ovary and part of pedicel of faded flower, showing slight contractions in the pedicel. All drawings natural size. Del. GJ Lewis "
Subgenus Umbellatae : Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 712 by Moraea longiflora

Vegetative characteristics

Moraea species grow as perennial , herbaceous plants . These geophytes form tubers (sometimes botanically incorrectly called onions) with fibrous coverings ("tunics") as persistence organs. All above-ground parts of the plant are bare and are newly formed in each vegetation period.

In the lower part of the simple or branched stem , one to a few leaves are formed, which are alternate and arranged in two rows. The sessile, simple, parallel- veined leaves are mostly bifacial, flat to two-edged. The leaf margin is smooth.

Generative characteristics

The branched total inflorescences are composed of " Rhipidia ", which are either individually or in groups together at the end of a branch. Depending on a pair of permanent foliage leaf-like bracts are among the "Rhipidien". Usually there is a flower stalk.

The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are threefold and resemble those of the iris . There are two circles, each with three mostly free bracts . The three outer bracts are usually larger than the inner ones. The three outer bracts are nailed and their ends are spread out to bent back, often with darker nectar lines. The three inner bracts are erect or spread out. The colors of the bracts range from whitish to yellow and blue. There is only one circle with three fertile stamens . In many species the stamens are partially fused together to form a tube surrounding the style. The anthers are close to the branches of the style. Three carpels are a long-stalked, under constant ovary grown, with 20 to 50 ovules per ovary chamber. The stylus is thread-shaped at the bottom and then usually divided into three flat, petal-like stylus branches. In some species each of the three stylus branches is divided into two lobes.

The spherical to cylindrical capsule fruits are loculicidal and contain many (20 to 100) seeds. The seeds contain oil.

The basic chromosome number is usually x = 10; in some sub-genera or sections it is also x = 6 or 9.

Systematics, distribution and endangerment

External system

The genus Moraea belongs to the tribe Irideae in the subfamily Iridoideae within the family of the iridaceae . With around 230 species, it is the most species-rich genus of the tribe Irideae in Africa.

Taxonomy

The genus Moraea was established in 1758 by Philip Miller in Figures of Plants in the Gardeners Dictionary , Volume 2, p. 159, plate 238. Type species in Moraea vegeta L. The botanical genus name first honored, written as Morea , the English botanist Robert More (1703–1780). However, Philip Miller changed it as Moraea in favor of Johan Moraeus, Carl von Linné's father-in-law .

The species of the earlier genera Barnardiella Goldblatt , Galaxia Thunb also belong to the genus Moraea . , Gynandriris Parl. , Hexaglottis Vent. , Homeria Vent. and Roggeveldia Goldblatt . More synonyms for Moraea Mill. Nom. cons. are Diaphane Salisb. , Freuchenia Eckl. , Helixyra Salisb. ex NEBr. , Hymenostigma Hochst. , Iridopsis Welw. ex Baker , Jania Schult. & Schult. f. , Phaianthes Raf. , Plantia Herb. , Rheome Goldblatt , Sessilistigma Goldblatt , Sisyrinchium Mill. Nom. illegal. and Vieusseuxia D.Delaroche .

Internal systematics with the species and their distribution

After revisions of the kin groups of the tribe Irideae in tropical and southern Africa by Goldblatt in 1973, 1976, 1977, it was believed that the genus Moraea with 110 species at that time was well understood. Molecular genetic data showed that Moraea is not monophyletic without the species of the genera Barnardiella , Galaxia , Gynandriris , Hexaglottis , Homeria and Roggeveldia ; since Goldblatt et al. In 2002 these species were incorporated into Moraea .

Subgenus Acaules : flower of Moraea macronyx
Subgenus Acaules : Flower of Moraea tricolor in the habitat
Subgenus Galaxia Series Galaxia : Moraea fugacissima
Subgenus Grandiflorae : Habitus and flowers of Moraea huttonii
Subgenus Grandiflorae : inflorescences of Moraea huttonii
Subgenus Grandiflorae : Habitus and flowers of Moraea spathulata
Subgenus Grandiflorae : Moraea tanzanica
Subgenus Homeria section Conantherae : Moraea miniata
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Flower of Moraea collina
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Moraea comptonii
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Flower of Moraea elegans
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Habitus of Moraea flaccida
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Flower of Moraea flaccida
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : yellow-flowered form of Moraea flaccida
Subgenus Homeria Section Homeria : Flower of Moraea ochroleuca
Subgenus Monocephalae : inflorescence of Moraea neglecta
Subgenus Monocephalae : Flower of Moraea neglecta with the typical pattern of the bracts
Subgenus Moraea Section Moraea : Moraea gawleri , pink form
Subgenus Moraea Section Moraea : Moraea gawleri , yellow form on Devil's Peak
Subgenus Moraea Section Moraea : Habitus of Moraea vegeta
Subgenus Moraea Section Moraea : Habit and flowering of Moraea vegeta in culture
Subgenus Moraea Section Moraea : Moraea vegeta
Subgenus Moraea Section Polyphyllae : Habitus of Moraea ramosissima at Devil's Peak
Subgenus Moraea, Section Polyphyllae : flower of Moraea ramosissima
Subgenus Plumariae : Habitus and flowers of Moraea lugubris
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Deserticola : Flower of Moraea fugax , in contrast to similar species, the bracts have hardly any markings
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Gynandriris : Moraea mediterranea
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Gynandriris : Habitus of Moraea setifolia
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Gynandriris : Flower of Moraea setifolia
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Gynandriris : Midday Iris ( Moraea sisyrinchium )
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Hexaglottis : Flower of Moraea lewisiae subsp. lewisiae
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Hexaglottis : inflorescence of Moraea virgata
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Polyanthes : Moraea bipartita
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Polyanthes : Moraea polystachya
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Polyanthes : Moraea speciosa
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Pseudospicatae : Moraea callista in Kitulo National Park in Tanzania
Subgenus Polyanthes Section Pseudospicatae : Moraea callista in Gauteng
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Vieusseuxia : Moraea barnardii
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Vieusseuxia : Moraea brevistyla
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Vieusseuxia : Moraea tricuspidata
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Vieusseuxia : Moraea tripetala
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Vieusseuxia : Moraea tripetala
Subgenus Vieusseuxia Section Villosae : Flower of Moraea aristata
Subgenus Vieusseuxia section Villosae : flower of Moraea gigandra
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea bituminosa
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea bituminosa
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea bituminosa
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea viscaria
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea viscaria
Subgenus Visciramosae Section Visciramosae : Moraea viscaria

The genus Moraea has its center of diversity in the Capensis with at least 150 species. Some species are also found in other parts of southern Africa. For example, there are around 8 species in Zimbabwe. Around 25 species thrive in the montane regions of tropical Africa (as of 2014). Only two species occur north of the Sahara in the Mediterranean area and in the Near to Middle East.

In 2013 there were about 214 species in the genus Moraea , by the end of 2015 at least 17 more species had been described for the first time (the species as of 2015 are listed in full below):

As a result of the revision by Goldblatt, Manning and Schnitzler in 2013, the genera Moraea was divided into eleven sub-genera with a total of 15 sections and three series:

  • Subgenus Acaules (Baker) Goldblatt & JCManning : It was established in 2013. Type species is Moraea ciliata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
    • There is only one section, Acaules Baker : it has contained seven species in southern Africa since 2015:
      • Moraea ciliata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : As of 2015 there are three subspecies:
        • Moraea ciliata (L. f.) Ker Gawl. subsp. ciliata : It occurs in the Western Cape .
        • Moraea ciliata subsp. cuprina Goldblatt & JCManning : It occurs in the Western Cape.
        • Moraea ciliata subsp. lutescens Goldblatt & JCManning : It occurs in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea falcifolia Klatt : It iswidespreadin arid to semi-arid areas in southern Africa .
      • Moraea filamentosa Goldblatt & JCManning : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from the North Cape . It is only known from a collection north of Loeriesfontein.
      • Moraea flava Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2015 from the North Cape.
      • Moraea longipes Goldblatt & JCManning : This rare species is relatively widespread for this genus from Springbok to Citrusdal in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea macronyx G.J.Lewis It is distributed from Cold Bokkeveld to Avontuur in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea tricolor Andrews (Syn .: Iris fugax Pers. , Moraea barbigera Salisb. , Moraea ciliata var. Barbigera (Salisb.) Baker , Moraea ciliata var. Tricolor (Andrews) Baker , Moraea duthieana L.Bolus ): There are still six to twelve sites known. It is extinct in the Cape Plain. It still occurs from Citrusdal to Caledon and eastwards to Stilbaai in the Western Cape.
  • Sub- genus Galaxia (Thunb.) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: genus Galaxia (Thunb.) , Section Galaxia (Thunb.) Goldblatt & JCManning ): It was established in 2013. The type species is Galaxia graminea (Thunb.) , A synonym of Moraea fugacissima (L. f.) Goldblatt : The basic chromosome number is x = 9. The species only occur in South Africa. It contains three series:
    • Series Unguiculatae Goldblatt & JCManning : You have been prepared, 2013. Type species is Moraea kamiesmontana (gold leaf) gold leaf . It contains only one type:
    • Series Eurystigma (Goldblatt) Goldblatt (Syn: Galaxia . Subg Eurystigma Goldblatt , Galaxia ser. Eurystigma (Goldblatt) Goldblatt ): type species is Galaxia versicolor Salisb. ex Klatt , a synonym of Moraea versicolor (Salisb. ex Klatt) gold leaf . It contains about seven types:
      • Moraea barnardiella Goldblatt : There are only four known sites from Villiersdorp to Caledon in the Western Cape. At all locations together there are a maximum of 1000 flowering specimens and the stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea citrina (GJLewis) Goldblatt : It is relatively widespread for this genus from the Bokkeveld Mountains to Gydo Pass in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea fenestralis (Goldblatt & EGHOliver) Goldblatt : This habitat specialist occurs from Springbok to the Tanqua Karoo in the North Cape.
      • Moraea melanops Goldblatt & JCManning : Due to loss of habitat , only three sites remain in Caledon and Bredasdorp in the Western Cape. The populations are continuously decreasing due to agriculture and invasive plant species.
      • Moraea minima Goldblatt : There is only one known site in Bredasdorp in the Western Cape. Despite an intensive search, it was found for the last time in 1981.
      • Moraea variabilis (GJLewis) Goldblatt : Less than 50% of the area remained, particularly through agriculture. There are only three known sites from Koue Bokkeveld to Ceres in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea versicolor (Salisb. Ex Klatt) Goldblatt : Over 80% of the area was lost. Only 11 to 20 isolated sites are known from Tulbagh to the Cape Peninsula and Houwhoek in the Western Cape. The stocks continue to decline.
    • Series Galaxia (Thunb.) Goldblatt (Syn .: genus Galaxia Thunb. ): Type species is Moraea versicolor (Salisb. Ex Klatt) Goldblatt . It contains about nine species:
      • Moraea albiflora (GJLewis) Goldblatt : It is relatively widespread for this genus from the coast from St. Helena Bay to Agulhas in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea angulata Goldblatt : In 2006 this species could only be found in four isolated locations from Malmesbury to Gordon's Bay; in the previous 20 years this species lost around 90% of its area in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea fugacissima (L. f.) Goldblatt : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Namaqualand to Humansdorp in the South African provinces of the North, East and West Cape.
      • Moraea galaxia (L. f.) Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2000. It occurs from the Cederberg Mountains to Bredasdorp in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea kamisensis Goldblatt : It has lost around 70% of its area of ​​agricultural land since the 1930s. There are only three sites left in Namaqualand and Kamiesberg in the North Cape. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea luteoalba (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It thrives at higher altitudes from Matsikamma to the Cederberg Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea pilifolia Goldblatt : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Namaqualand to Gifberg in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea stagnalis (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : Large parts of the area of ​​this species were lost to agricultural land. It is still known from seven to ten localities in the northern Cederberg Mountains, Nieuwoudtville, Nardous Mountains and northwards to Garies in the Northern and Western Cape. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea vuvuzela J.C. Manning & Goldblatt : There are only three known sites in Worcester and near Brandvlei in the Western Cape. The stocks are particularly endangered by erosion.
  • Subgenus Grandiflorae Goldblatt (Syn .: Hymenostigma Hochst. , Iridopsis Welw. Ex Baker ): Type species is Moraea spathulata (L. f.) Klatt. The species are distributed in large parts of Africa south of the Sahara. The basic chromosome number is x = 6.
    • It is not divided into sections or series and contains about 27 species that are common in tropical, but mainly southern, Africa:
      • Moraea alticola Goldblatt : It thrives in the Drakensberg Mountains in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea angolensis gold leaf : It occurs in southeastern Angola.
      • Moraea ardesiaca Goldblatt : It occurs from the Drakensberg to Utrecht in KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea balundana Chiov. : It occurs in Zaire.
      • Moraea bella Harms : It occurs in southwestern Tanzania, in Zaire, Malawi, Mozambique and Malawi.
      • Moraea bovonei R.C.Foster : It occurs in Zaire.
      • Moraea brevifolia gold leaf : It occurs in northern and northwestern Zambia.
      • Moraea carnea Goldblatt : It only thrives at high altitudes in the Drakensberg in the South African provinces of Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. It is common in some locations and perhaps too little has been collected so far; it may also be found in Lesotho.
      • Moraea clavata Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea gracilis Baker nom. Illeg., Moraea schaijesiorum Geerinck ): It occurs in southwestern Angola, southern Zaire and Zambia.
      • Moraea galpinii (Baker) NEBr. (Syn .: Moraea spathacea var. Galpinii Baker ): It occurs in Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea graminicola Oberm. : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea graminicola Oberm. subsp. graminicola : It has lost about 31% of its original area since the 1950s. It thrives at altitudes of 900 to 1500 meters only in the central area and Ngome in KwaZulu-Natal.
        • Moraea graminicola subsp. notata Goldblatt : It occurs in the Eastern Cape.
      • Moraea hiemalis Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only in the inland areas of KwaZulu-Natal from Pietermaritzburg, Richmond to Kamberg. At least 50% of the original habitat has been lost, for example through afforestation and agricultural land; there are only five to ten isolated sites left. The stocks are continuously endangered.
      • Moraea huttonii (Baker) Oberm. (Syn .: Moraea rivularis Schltr. ): It occurs in southern Africa in Lesotho and large parts of South Africa.
      • Moraea Inyangani Goldblatt : It is endemic to Mount Inyangani in eastern Zimbabwe.
      • Moraea macrantha Baker (Syn .: Moraea ventricosa var. Macrantha (Baker) Geerinck , Moraea arnoldiana De Wild. ): It is distributed from southwestern Tanzania via Malawi and Zaire to eastern Zambia.
      • Moraea moggii N.E.Br. : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea moggii subsp. albescens Goldblatt : It occurs in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga.
        • Moraea moggii N.E.Br. subsp. moggii : It occurs in Limpopo and Mpumalanga .
      • Moraea muddii N.E.Br. : It is common in Zimbabwe , Mozambique and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea niassensis Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2014. It is a montane species in the northern part of Niassa Provincein Mozambique.
      • Moraea reticulata Goldblatt : It occurs only at higher altitudes in the mountains south of Queenstown in the Eastern Cape.
      • Moraea robusta (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It thrives on mountain meadows from Mpumalanga near Machadodorp across northern KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern part of Free State to northern Transkei (this is part of the Eastern Cape); is therefore relatively widespread for this genus.
      • Moraea schimperi (Hochst.) Pic. Serm. (Syn .: Moraea diversifolia (Klatt) Baker nom. Illeg., Moraea hockii De Wild. , Moraea welwitschii Baker , Moraea zambesiaca Baker ): It is at higher altitudes in eastern and western, but not in central tropical Africa in Zaire , Burundi , Sudan , Angola , Nigeria , Cameroon , Ethiopia , Tanzania , Malawi , Mozambique , Zambia and Zimbabwe are widespread. It has a disjoint area .
      • Moraea spathulata (L. f.) Klatt (Syn .: Moraea spathacea (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. Nom. Illeg., Moraea longispatha Klatt , Moraea balenii Stent , Moraea spathacea var. Natalensis Baker , Moraea spathulata subsp. Autumnalis Goldblatt , Moraea spathulata . subsp saxosa Goldblatt , Moraea spathulata subsp. transvaalensis Goldblatt ): Their range extends from the eastern tropical Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe eastern to southern Africa with Swaziland, Lesotho and large parts of south Africa.
      • Moraea tanzanica gold leaf : It occurs in southwestern Tanzania and northern Malawi.
      • Moraea textilis Baker (Syn .: Moraea mechowii Pax , Moraea revoluta C.H.Wright ): It occurs in Angola and western Zambia.
      • Moraea unibracteata Goldblatt : It occurs only in the foothills of the Drakensberg and in the central area of ​​KwaZulu-Natal. It is only known from seven localities and the stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea unifoliata Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea aphylla De Wild. Nom. Illeg.): It occurs only in the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
      • Moraea upembana gold leaf : It occurs only in the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
      • Moraea ventricosa Baker (Syn .: Moraea bequaertii De Wild. ): It occurs from western Tanzania via Burundi and Zaire to Zambia.
      • Moraea verdickii De Wild. : It is distributed in southern tropical Africa from southwestern Tanzania and Angola via Malawi and Zaire to Zambia and Mozambique.
  • Subgenus Homeria (Vent.) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Genus Homeria Vent. , Sessilistigma Goldblatt ): It received this rank in 2013. Type species is Homeria collina (Thunb.) Salisb. , a synonym of Moraea collina Thunb. : The basic chromosome number is x = 6. It contains four sections:
    • Section Conantherae (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Homeria sect. Conantherae Goldblatt ): Type species is Homeria miniata (Andrews) Sweet , a synonym of Moraea miniata Andrews . It contains around nine species only in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea aspera Goldblatt : It is only known from three localities in the Bokkeveld layer country in the North Cape.
      • Moraea bifida (L.Bolus) gold leaf : It is relatively widespread for this genus in the eastern Namaqualand and from the western Karoo to the Pakhuis Pass in the northern and western Cape.
      • Moraea brachygyne (Schltr.) Goldblatt : It occurs from the Bokkeveld Mountains to Clanwilliam and in the northern Tanqua-Karoo in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea fenestrata gold leaf : This rare species is a habitat specialist that occurs from Springbok to the Tanqua Karoo in the North Cape.
      • Moraea fragrans Goldblatt : This endemic is only known from seven localities north of Nieuwoudtville in the North Cape.
      • Moraea fuscomontana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic is only known from four localities in the Swartruggens Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea karooica gold leaf : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Ceres to Barrydale and in the western Karoo in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea miniata Andrews : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Namaqualand to Riversdale and in the Karoo in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea pendula (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : only five to ten sites of this endemic of the Kamiesberg are known in the Western Cape.
    • Section Flexuosae Goldblatt : Type species is Moraea flexuosa Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea flexicaulis Goldblatt , Homeria sect. Namaquanae Goldblatt ): The approximately three species occur only in the South African provinces of the North and West Cape:
      • Moraea flexicaulis Goldblatt : It was first described in 2002. It only occurs in Richtersveld in the North Cape.
      • Moraea knersvlaktensis Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only in Knersvlakte in the Western Cape. This species is common in some locations.
      • Moraea schlechteri (L.Bolus) Goldblatt : It occurs from Steinkopf to Bitterfontein in the North Cape.
    • Section Homeria (Vent.) Goldblatt : Type species is Homeria collina (Thunb.) Salisb. , a synonym of Moraea collina Thunb. : The 18 or so species are only found in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea autumnalis (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This rare endemic is only known from two localities in Koue Bokkeveld and Elandskloof in the Western Cape. This species only blooms after bush fires.
      • Moraea bulbillifera (GJLewis) Goldblatt : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea bulbillifera subsp. anomala (gold leaf) gold leaf : It occurs in the Western Cape.
        • Moraea bulbillifera (GJLewis) gold leaf subsp. bulbillifera : It occurs in the Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea cedarmonticola Goldblatt : This rare endemic is only known from four localities in the Cederberg Mountains in the Western Cape. This species only blooms after bush fires.
      • Moraea collina Thunb. : It occurs from Bain's Kloof to Caledon in the Western Cape. It is common at some sites.
      • Moraea comptonii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt : It has lost about 80% of its original area to grain fields since the 1930s. It is only known from five sites from Villiersdorp to Stanford in the Western Cape. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea demissa Goldblatt : It occurs from Gifberg to Citrusdal in the Western Cape and is common in the Cederberg Mountains.
      • Moraea elegans Jacq. : It has lost 60 to 80% of its original area to fields. It occurs only from Stellenbosch to Bredasdorp in the Western Cape. The remaining sites are strongly isolated from each other. The populations are continuously decreasing, for example due to invasive plant species.
      • Moraea flaccida Sweet : It occurs from the Bokkeveld Mountains to Caledon in the Western Cape. It is common in some locations.
      • Moraea flavescens (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It occurs from the Bokkeveld Mountains to the Cederberg Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea longistyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It occurs from Ceres to Montagu and Caledon in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea louisabolusiae Goldblatt : This habitat specialist on sandstone occurs from Namaqualand to the Nardous Mountains in the Northern and Western Cape. There are only four collections, but there may be more locations.
      • Moraea minor Eckl. : It occurs from Gifberg to the Cape Peninsula in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea ochroleuca (Salisb.) Drapiez : It occurs from Citrusdal to Caledon in the Western Cape. This species mainly blooms after bush fires.
      • Moraea patens (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic only occurs in the Biedouw Valley and in the Nadouskloof area in the Western Cape. This species thrives in lower lying areas and has lost around 50% of its original area to agricultural land. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea pyrophila Goldblatt : It occurs from Piketberg to Bredasdorp in the Western Cape. This species only blooms after bush fires, hence the specific epithet.
      • Moraea radians (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only from Robertson to McGregor in the Western Cape. Only four localities are known and in three of them there are fewer than 50 flowering specimens. In total, there are fewer than 450 flowering specimens in natural locations. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea serratostyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only in the central mountains of the Richtersveld in the North Cape.
      • Moraea vallisbelli (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It occurs from the Bokkeveld Mountains to the Botterkloof Pass in the North Cape.
    • Section Stipanthera (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Homeria sect. Stipantherae Goldblatt ): type species is Moraea pallida Baker . The seven or so species are common in southern Africa:
  • Subgenus Monocephalae (Baker) Goldblatt (Syn .: without rank Monocephalae Baker ): Type species is Moraea angusta (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. : The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
    • It is not divided into sections or series and contains about four species that are only found in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea angusta (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Moraea obtusa N.E.Br. ): It occurs from the Cederberg to Knysna in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea anomala G.J. Lewis : It occurs from the Pakhuis Pass to the Cape Peninsula and Caledon in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea neglecta G.J.Lewis : It is distributed from Bokkeveld mountains to the Agulhas coast in the northern and western capes.
      • Moraea vallisavium Goldblatt : It is only known from two sites in Kleinrivier and in the Langeberg Mountains in the Western Cape. It only blooms after bush fires and appears to be very rare.
  • Subgenus Moraea : Type species is Moraea juncea L. , a synonym of Moraea vegeta L .: The basic chromosome number is x = 10. It contains two sections:
    • Section Moraea : The five or so species are only found in South Africa:
      • Moraea gawleri Spreng. (Syn .: Moraea crispa (L. f.) Ker Gawl. , Moraea decussata Klatt , Moraea sulphurea Baker , Moraea undulata Ker Gawl. ): It is widespread from Namaqualand to Humansdorp in the South African provinces of the North, Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea indecora Goldblatt : It is only known from four localities in Springbok in the North Cape. There are less than 1000 flowering specimens in natural locations.
      • Moraea namaquamontana Goldblatt This endemic only thrives in the Stinkfontein Mountains in the Richtersveld in the North Cape. There are few reports, probably because it only blooms after heavy rains.
      • Moraea vegeta L. (Syn .: Moraea iriopetala L. f. , Moraea sordescens Jacq. , Moraea tristis (L. f.) Ker Gawl. ): It occurs in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea vlokii Goldblatt : This rare species only thrives at higher altitudes from Montagu to the Swartberg Mountains in the Western Cape.
    • Section Polyphyllae Goldblatt & JCManning : Type species is Moraea ramosissima (L. f.) Ker Gawl. It was established in 2013 and contains about two species only in the Eastern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea gariepensis Goldblatt : It occurs in Namibia.
      • Moraea ramosissima (L. f.) Druce (Syn .: Moraea bulbifera Jacq. , Moraea ramosa (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. ): It occurs from the Eastern Cape to Gifberg in the Western Cape.
    • Unclear position and temporarily classified here:
      • Moraea nubigena Goldblatt : Even after intensive searches in suitable habitats, only one location is known in Fonteintjiesberg in the Western Cape. The population with 500 to 800 flowering specimens is not threatened.
      • Moraea papilionacea (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : It occurs in the Western Cape. There have been two subspecies since 2015:
        • Moraea papilionacea subsp. glabrescens Goldblatt & JCManning : It occurs in Cedarberg and Cold Bokkeveld.
        • Moraea papilionacea (L. f.) Ker Gawl. subsp. papilionacea : It occurs from the Cederberg to Bredasdorp.
  • Subgenus Plumariae Goldblatt & JCManning : It was established in 2013. Type species is Moraea lugubris (Salisb.) Goldblatt : The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
    • It contains only one type:
      • Moraea lugubris (Salisb.) Goldblatt : It occurs from the Bokkeveld Mountains to Bredasdorp in the Northern and Western Cape.
  • Subgenus Polyanthes (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Moraea sect. Polyanthes Goldblatt ): It received the rank of a subgenus in 2013. Type species is Moraea polystachya (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : The basic chromosome number is x = 10, but with four sections x = 6. There are six sections:
    • Section Deserticola Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea without rank Subracemosae Baker , Barnardiella Goldblatt ): type species is Moraea bolusii Baker . The 16 or so species are found in Namibia and South Africa:
      • Moraea acocksii Goldblatt & JCManning : It wasfirst describedin 2014 from northern Namaqualand in the South African province of North Cape .
      • Moraea bolusii Baker : It occurs in the northern Namaqualand in the North Cape.
      • Moraea filicaulis Baker (Syn .: Moraea diphylla Baker , Moraea fugax subsp. Filicaulis (Baker) Goldblatt ): It is relatively widespread for this genus from Namaqualand, Knersvlakte, the Olifants River valley and on the west coast in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea fugax (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Iris edulis L. f. , Iris longifolia Schneev. , Moraea corniculata Lam. , Moraea edulis (L. f.) Ker Gawl. , Moraea fugax (D.Delaroche) Jacq. Subsp. Fugax , Moraea longifolia (Schneev.) .) Sweet , Moraea odora Salisb. , Vieusseuxia edulis (L. f.) Link , Vieusseuxia fugax D. Delaroche ): It occurs from the Namaqualand south to the Cape Peninsula and east over the southern cape to Swellendam in the north and west cape.
      • Moraea geminifolia Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2014 from northern Namaqualand in the South African province of North Cape.
      • Moraea gracilenta Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea ciliata var. Gracilis Baker , Moraea edulis L. f. , Moraea edulis var. Gracilis Baker ): It occurs from Clanwilliam to Tulbagh in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea graniticola gold leaf : It occurs in Namibia .
      • Moraea herrei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt : It occurs from Richtersveld to Garies in the North Cape.
      • Moraea hexaglottis Goldblatt : It occurs in Namibia.
      • Moraea macgregorii gold leaf : This endemic is only known from one site in the Bokkeveld layered plain in the North Cape. It is not threatened in this arid habitat.
      • Moraea macrocarpa gold leaf : It is distributed from Nieuwoudtville to Worcester in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea namibensis Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only from southern Namibia to Port Nolloth in the North Cape. Only one site is known in South Africa. All stocks are continuously threatened.
      • Moraea quartzicola Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2014 from the southern Knersvlakte in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea rigidifolia gold leaf : It occurs in Namibia.
      • Moraea saxicola Goldblatt : It occurs in Namibia and in the southern Namaqualand, Knersvlakte and in the Richtersveld in the western and northern Cape.
      • Moraea teretifolia Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2014 from northern Namaqualand in the South African province of North Cape.
    • Section Gynandriris (Parl.) Goldblatt (Syn .: Gynandriris Parl. , Iris subg. Gynandriris (Parl.) Baker , Iris sect. Gynandriris (Parl.) Dykes , Moraea sect. Gynandriris (Parl.) Goldblatt , Helixyra Salisb. Ex NEBr . , Helixyra Salisb. nom. NUD., Moraea subg. Helixyra Salisb. ex Baker , Helixyra Salisb. nom. inval.). Type species is Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. : It contains about nine species:
      • Moraea australis Goldblatt : It only thrives in coastal dunes from Mossel Bay to Port Elizabeth in the Eastern and Western Cape. Fewer than ten sites are known and the populations are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea cedarmontana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic only occurs in cederbergs in the Western Cape. Only four sites are known and this species probably only blooms after a bush fire.
      • Moraea contorta Goldblatt : This rare species is known from three localities from the Hantamsberg to the Roggeveld layered plain in the North Cape.
      • Moraea hesperantha (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It is only known from fewer than ten sites only in the Bokkeveld Plateau in the North Cape.
      • Moraea mediterranea Goldblatt (Syn .: Gynandriris monophylla Klatt , Gynandriris sisyrinchium var. Monophylla (Klatt) Halácsy ): It iswidespreadin the eastern Mediterranean .
      • Moraea pritzeliana Diels : It occurs in the Bokkeveld Plateau and in the western Karoo in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea setifolia (L. f.) Druce : It is distributed from Namaqualand to Grahamstown in the Northern, Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea simulans Baker (Syn .: Moraea burchellii Baker , Moraea cladostachya Baker ): It is widespread in Namibia and in the South African provinces of Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, North West and Western Cape.
      • Midday iris ( Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. , Syn .: Iris sisyrinchium L. , Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. , Moraea tenoreana Sweet , Moraea sicula Tod. ): It is from the Mediterranean region through the Middle East to the western Himalaya widespread.
    • Section Hexaglottis (Vent.) Goldblatt (Syn .: Hexaglottis Vent. , Plantia Herbert ): Type species is Hexaglottis longifolia (Jacq.) GJLewis , a synonym of Moraea longifolia (Jacq.) Pers. : The six or so species are found in southern Namibia and in the South African provinces of the Northern, Eastern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea brevituba (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This endemic of the "Gariep Center" occurs in southern Namibia and Richtersveld in the North Cape. At the only four known sites in South Africa, the populations are declining due to damage caused by grazing cattle.
      • Moraea lewisiae (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea lewisiae (gold leaf) gold leaf subsp. lewisiae : It is common in the South African provinces of the North, Eastern and Western Cape.
        • Moraea lewisiae subsp. secunda (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It is widespread in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea longifolia (Jacq.) Pers. : It is common in the South African provinces of the North, Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea namaquana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This very rare species is only known from one site in the Spectacle Mountains in the North Cape.
      • Moraea riparia (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : It thrives at higher altitudes from Clanwilliam to Tulbagh in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea thermarum Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2013 from southern Namibia. It is only known from two collections at the Huib high plateau.
      • Moraea virgata Jacq. : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea virgata subsp. karooica (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This rare endemic is only known from two sites in the Roggeveld layered stepland in the North Cape.
        • Moraea virgata Jacq. subsp. virgata : It is distributed from the southern Namaqualand to Port Elizabeth in the South African provinces of the Eastern and Northern Cape.
    • Section Polyanthes Goldblatt : type species is Moraea polystachya (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : There are about eight species in sub-Saharan Africa:
      • Moraea bipartita L.Bolus : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Ladismith in the Western Cape and the southern Karoo to the Eastern Cape.
      • Moraea carsonii Baker (Syn .: Moraea homblei De Wild. ): It iswidespreadin tropical to southern Africa in Zaire , Burundi , Sudan , Tanzania , Malawi , Zambia and Zimbabwe as far as Namibia and northern Botswana.
      • Moraea deserticola Goldblatt : This endemic occurs only at four localities in Knersvlakte in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea polyanthos Thunb. : Although it has lost many locations, it is relatively widespread for this genus at over 50 localities in the South African provinces from Worcester in the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape.
      • Moraea polystachya (L. f.) Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Moraea multiflora Sol. Ex Baker nom. Illeg.): It occurs in Namibia and in the South African provinces of the Northern, Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea speciosa (L.Bolus) gold leaf : It occurs in the Cederberg Mountains and from the Tanqua Karoo to Prince Albert in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea tanquana Goldblatt & JCManning : This endemic occurs only in the Tanqua Karoo in the North Cape.
      • Moraea venenata Dinter (Syn .: Moraea toxicaria Dinter , Moraea polystachya var. Brevicaulis E. Phillips ): It occurs in Namibia and in the South African province of Northern Cape.
    • Section Pseudospicatae Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Roggeveldia Goldblatt ): It was set up in 2013. Type species is Moraea pseudospicata Goldblatt . The approximately 18 species since 2013 are distributed in Africa:
      • Moraea Afro-Orientale Goldblatt : It occurs in southern Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
      • Moraea alpina Goldblatt : It occurs in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Free State and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea callista gold leaf : It occurs only in the Uluguru Mountains and Njombe in Tanzania.
      • Moraea crispa tuna. : It is widespread from the Cederberg Mountains to Baviaanskloof, southern and western Karoo in the South African provinces of Free State, North, East and West Cape.
      • Moraea elliotii Baker (Syn .: Moraea juncifolia N.E.Br. , Moraea macra Schltr. , Moraea stewartae N.E.Br. , Moraea violacea Baker ): It is in central Malawi, Lesotho, Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Eastern, Western Cape, Free State , KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea exiliflora Goldblatt : This rare species is only known from a locality at altitudes of 1000 to 1500 meters in the Klein Swartberg Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea fistulosa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt : This rare species is only known from one place where it was found in the Roggeveld layered plain in the North Cape.
      • Moraea inclinata Goldblatt : It occurs in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea iringensis Goldblatt : It occurs only in southern Tanzania.
      • Moraea lazulina Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2013 from the Western Cape. It is relatively widespread for this genus in the Little Karoo. The area extends from near Barrydale and Rooiberg south of Calitzdorp to De Rust, east of Oudtshoorn and Perdepoort in the upper Long Kloof. It thrives on stony soils over sandstone and limestone slopes near the Cango Caves on the lower southern slopes of the Great Swartberg Mountains.
      • Moraea marginata J.C. Manning & Goldblatt There is only one known site of this rare species at an altitude of around 1550 meters in Sutherland in the North Cape.
      • Moraea monticola Goldblatt : There are only two known sites, which are strongly isolated from each other, in Kamiesberg and the Swartberg Mountains in the Northern and Western Cape. In total there are fewer than 1000 flowering specimens.
      • Moraea natalensis Baker (Syn .: Moraea erici-rosenii REFr. , Moraea parviflora N.E.Br. ): It is common in southern Zaire , Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and the South African provinces of KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea pearsonii Goldblatt & JCManning : This endemic occurs in Karoopoort from Ceres to Touwsrivier in the Western Cape and is a habitat specialist.
      • Moraea pseudospicata gold leaf : This endemic occurs from the Bokkeveld plains to Calvinia in the North Cape.
      • Moraea stricta Baker (Syn .: Moraea curtisae R.C.Foster , Moraea mossii N.E.Br. , Moraea parva N.E.Br. , Moraea tellinii Chiov. , Moraea trita N.E.Br. ): She's in Africa from Ethiopia through Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi , Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland to the South African provinces of Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea thomsonii Baker : It occurs from western Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe to Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea verecunda gold leaf : This rare species occurs only in the Bokkeveld layered plain and in the Biedouw valley in the northern and western Cape.
    • Section Serpentinae Goldblatt & JCManning : It was set up in 2013. Type species is Moraea serpentina Baker . There are only two species found in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea serpentina Baker (Syn .: Moraea arenaria Baker , Moraea framesii L.Bolus ): It occurs from Namaqualand to the Olifants River valley in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea tortilis Goldblatt : It occurs from the southern Richtersveld to Knersvlakte in the North Cape.
  • Subgenus Vieusseuxia (D.Delaroche) Baker (Syn .: Vieusseuxia D.Delaroche , Phaianthes Raf. ): Type species is Vieusseuxia spiralis D.Delaroche , a synonym of Moraea bellendenii (Sweet) NEBr. : The basic chromosome number is x = 6. There are three sections:
    • Section Integrity Goldblatt & JCManning : It was set up in 2013: type species is Moraea thomasiae Goldblatt . There is only one type:
      • Moraea thomasiae Goldblatt : It occurs from Worcester to Ladismith and Barrydale in the Western Cape.
    • Section Vieusseuxia (D.Delaroche) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: genus Vieusseuxia D.Delaroche ): She received this rank in 2013. Type species is Moraea bellendenii (Sweet) NEBr. The approximately 35 species occur in Swaziland, Lesotho and South Africa:
      • Moraea albicuspa Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea jarmilae Halda ): It occurs in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea algoensis Goldblatt : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Worcester to Port Elizabeth in the South African provinces of the Eastern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea amabilis Diels : It is relatively widespread for this genus from the Bokkeveld step country and the Olifants River valley via the Roggeveld step country to Worcester and Barrydale in the northern and western Cape.
      • Moraea barkerae gold leaf : This rarely collected species occurs only in the Cederberg, Cold Bokkeveld and Piketberg Mountains in the Western Cape. Since this species probably only blooms after bushfires, it may occur in more locations than previously known.
      • Moraea barnardii L.Bolus : This rare endemic is only known from two isolated sites in Caledon in the Western Cape. There were around 10 flowering specimens at one location in 2006 and around 150 at the other.
      • Moraea bellendenii Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Moraea pavonia var. Lutea (Ker Gawl.) Baker , Moraea tricuspis var. Lutea Ker Gawl. ): It is relatively widespread for this genus from Darling to Plettenberg Bay in the Eastern and Western Cape. It is common in some locations and the populations are considered stable.
      • Moraea brevistyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt (Syn .: Moraea pubiflora subsp. Brevistyla Goldblatt ): It occurs in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Free State, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea cantharophila Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2002. It only blooms after bushfires, so it's not often found. It has only been collected five times and occurs from Sir Lowry's Pass to Sandy's Glen in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea cuspidata Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012. It occurs in the Roggeveld layered landscape , in Klein Roggeveld and the hills around Touwsrivier and Matjiesfontein, eastwards to Groot Swartberg and the Outeniqua Mountains in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea debilis Goldblatt : It is only known from fewer than five localities from the Bot River to Bredasdorp and Swellendam in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea decipiens Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012. This endemic has so far only been found in Piketberg in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea deltoidea Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2000. This endemic occurs only in six to eight localities from Kleinmond to Hermanus in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea dracomontana Goldblatt : It thrives in the Drakensberg in Lesotho and in KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea fergusoniae L. Bolus (Syn .: Moraea fimbriata Klatt ): It occurs from the Bot River to Mossel Bay in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea grandis Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012. It occurs only from Loeriesfontein to Nieuwoudtville and the Roggeveld layered landscape in the North Cape.
      • Moraea hainebachiana Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012 from the Western Cape.
      • Moraea helmei Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012 from the North Cape.
      • Moraea incurva G.J. Lewis : Only five localities of this endemic in Tulbagh in the Western Cape are known. The sites higher up in the Groot Winterhoek Mountains are not endangered, but the sites deeper in the Tulbagh Valley are endangered by vineyards.
      • Moraea insolens Goldblatt : In 2006 only three isolated sites of this endemic from Caledon to Stanford in the Western Cape are known. Loss of land occurred through agricultural land and one site is endangered by road construction.
      • Moraea lilacina Goldblatt & JCManning : At least 30% of the area was lost through agriculture. There are only three known sites from Calitzdorp to the northern foothills of the Langeberg Mountains and Outeniqua Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea longiaristata Goldblatt : It occurs only in Caledon Swartberg in the Western Cape. Only two sites are known, in which 10 to 50 specimens were found in one and around 30 flowering specimens in the other in 2005/2007.
      • Moraea lurida Ker Gawl. : It is common in locations after bush fires. It occurs only from Kogelberg to Bredasdorp in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea marionae Baker (Syn .: Moraea exilis N.E.Br. ): It occurs in Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
      • Moraea modesta Killick : It occurs in Lesotho and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea mutila (CHBergius ex Eckl.) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Moraea monophylla Baker , Moraea punctata Baker , Moraea tripetala var. Mutila (Licht. Ex Roem. & Schult.) Baker ): Over 80% of the area of ​​this species went to agricultural land lost. There are still six to twelve sites from Tulbagh to Piketberg and on the Cape Peninsula in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea ogamana Goldblatt & JCManning : Large areas of this rare species have been lost for a variety of reasons. There are only three known sites from the upper Breede River valley to Strand in the Western Cape. The remaining stocks are continuously threatened.
      • Moraea pubiflora N.E.Br. : It occurs in Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea regalis Goldblatt : It is only known from one site in De Rust in the Western Cape. 50% of the habitat has been lost and there are fewer than 100 flowering specimens left.
      • Moraea rivulicola Goldblatt & JCManning : The total range from Richtersveld to Bitterfontein in the Northern and Western Cape is large, but it is a habitat specialist on slopes with granite rock near seasonal flowing waters.
      • Moraea tricuspidata Goldblatt : Since 2015 there are three subspecies:
        • Moraea tricuspidata subsp. cormifera (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2015 from the Western Cape. It occurs only in Kammanassie and Langkloof.
        • Moraea tricuspidata subsp. parviflora Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2015 from the Western Cape. It occurs only in Cedarberg, Cold Bokkeveld and Piketberg.
        • Moraea tricuspidata gold leaf subsp. tricuspidata : It occurs from the Cederberg Mountains to Makhanda in the Western and Eastern Cape.
      • Moraea trifida R.C.Foster (Syn .: Moraea Culmea Killick , Moraea rogersii N.E.Br. ): It occurs in Lesotho and the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, Free State, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.
      • Moraea tripetala (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : There are three subspecies:
        • Moraea tripetala subsp. jacquiniana (Schltr. ex GJLewis) Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Moraea tripetala var. jacquinii Schltr. ex GJLewis ): It is relatively widespread at higher altitudes from the Olifants River Valley and Piketberg to the Cape Peninsula and the Palmiet Mountains in the Western Cape .
        • Moraea tripetala (L. f.) Ker Gawl. subsp. tripetala : It is relatively widespread from Piketberg to the Cape Peninsula and eastwards along the coastal lowlands to Knysna in the Western Cape.
        • Moraea tripetala subsp. violacea Goldblatt & JCManning : It occurs from Ceres to Worcester and Barrydale in the Western Cape. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea unguiculata Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Moraea ceresiana G.J.Lewis , Moraea tenuis Ker Gawl. , Moraea violacea L.Bolus ): It is relatively common for this class of Namaqualand to Port Elizabeth and in the Karoo mountains in the North, East and Western Cape.
      • Moraea vigilans Goldblatt & JCManning : This endemic occurs only on a mountain peak, Sentinel Peak in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg.
      • Moraea worcesterensis Goldblatt : This endemic was only known from the type location in Worcester, where this species became extinct due to habitat loss. It was rediscovered at three sites. These stocks are continuously threatened.
    • Section Villosae Goldblatt & JCManning : It was set up in 2013. Type species is Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. : It contains about nine species:
      • Moraea amissa Goldblatt : There is only one known site in Malmesbury in the Western Cape. In 2005 only 56 flowering specimens were counted. This stock is continuously threatened.
      • Moraea aristata (D.Delaroche) Ash. & Graeb. (Syn .: Ferraria ocellaris . Salisb , Moraea candida Baker , Moraea glaucopis . (DC) Drapiez , Moraea tricuspis var. Ocellata D.Don , Vieusseuxia aristata D.Delaroche , Vieusseuxia glaucopis DC. ): After habitat loss is only a locality with fewer than 50 copies remained in a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea atropunctata Goldblatt : It is only known from one site on the donkey hunting hill near Villiersdorp in the Western Cape. In 2003 only 540 flowering specimens were counted. This stock is continuously decreasing.
      • Moraea caeca gold leaf : It only thrives at higher altitudes from the Piket Mountains to the Porterville Mountains in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea calcicola Goldblatt : It only thrives at higher altitudes in Saldanha in the Western Cape. There are only three localities, each with a maximum of 200 flowering specimens. The stocks are threatened by limestone mining for cement production.
      • Moraea gigandra L.Bolus : Over 90% of the original area of ​​this species was lost to wheat fields. Only six isolated sites from Piketberg to Porterville in the Western Cape are known.
      • Moraea loubseri Goldblatt : The stocks at the only site in Langebaan in the Western Cape have been falling dramatically since the 1970s. In 1995 fewer than ten flowering specimens were found, in 2004 and 2008 no specimens were found, but in 2011 again 2 specimens were spotted at this location.
      • Moraea tulbaghensis L.Bolus : It is only known at six isolated sites from Piketberg to Paarl in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. : There are two subspecies:
        • Moraea villosa subsp. elandsmontana Goldblatt : There is only one known funfort at the base of the Elandskloof Mountains in the Western Cape. This site is protected and contains fewer than 350 flowering specimens.
        • Moraea villosa (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. subsp. villosa (Syn .: Moraea pavonia var. villosa (Ker Gawl.) Baker ): It has lost over 80% of its original area. It occurs from Piketberg to Gordon's Bay and Ceres in the Western Cape. Large stocks with hundreds of thousands of specimens occur below the Gydo Pass and on the Piketberg. But most of the isolated localities contain fewer than 20 flowering specimens.
    • Not classified in a section:
      • Moraea helicoidea Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2015 from Worcester in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea petricola Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2013 from the Western Cape. It is only known from a collection at higher altitudes in the mountains north of the Pakhuis Pass in the northern Cedar Mountains.
  • Subgenus Visciramosae Goldblatt : Type species is Moraea bituminosa (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : The basic chromosome number is x = 10. The species occur only in South Africa. There are two sections:
    • Section Multifoliae Goldblatt & JCManning : It was set up in 2013. Type species is Moraea vespertina Goldblatt & JCManning : It contains only three species:
      • Moraea bubalina gold leaf : It thrives in the Karoo winter rain area. It occurs from Gifberg to Botterkloof and in the West Karoo in the North Cape.
      • Moraea striata Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2013 from the Western Cape. It was probably first discovered in 2012. It is endemic to the Oudtshoorn section of the Great Swartberge .
      • Moraea vespertina Goldblatt & JCManning : It only occurs from the Bokkeveld plains to the Tanqua Karoo in the North Cape.
    • Section Visciramosae Goldblatt & JCManning : You have been prepared, 2013. The type species is Moraea bituminosa (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : It contains about six types:
      • Moraea bituminosa (L. f.) Ker Gawl. (Syn .: Iris bituminosa L. f. , Moraea viscaria var. Bituminosa (L. f.) Baker , Vieusseuxia bituminosa (L. f.) Eckl. ): It is widespread from the Groot Winterhoek Mountains to Agulhas in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea elsiae Goldblatt : Large original sites were lost due to loss of habitat, there are still 12 to 15 available. It occurs from the Cape Peninsula to Stilbaai in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea inconspicua gold leaf : Since 2012 there are two subspecies:
        • Moraea inconspicua gold leaf subsp. inconspicua : It is relatively widespread for this genus from the Bokkeveld layer country to the Cape Peninsula and eastwards to Port Elizabeth in the South African provinces: Northern, Eastern and Western Cape.
        • Moraea inconspicua subsp. namaquensis Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012. It occurs only in the Namaqualand, Steinkopf to the Kamiesberge in the North Cape.
      • Moraea saldanhensis Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2012. This rare species is only known from two localities on the Vredenburg peninsula from Vredenburg to Jacobsbaai. In the larger locality there are fewer than 30 and in the smaller less than 10 flowering specimens. The populations are continuously threatened by urbanization on the coast.
      • Moraea simplex Goldblatt & JCManning : In 2010 one last site was discovered, which is surrounded by fields at the eastern base of the Piket Mountains in the Western Cape. This last stock is continuously endangered.
      • Moraea viscaria (L. f.) Ker Gawl. : It occurs in the Western Cape.
  • Subgenus Umbellatae Goldblatt & JCManning (Syn .: Genus Rheome Goldblatt ): It was established in 2013. Type species is Moraea margaretae Goldblatt . It is an original kinship group. The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
    • It is not divided into sections or series and since 2013 contains about ten species that only occur in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape:
      • Moraea cooperi Baker (Syn .: Moraea apetala L.Bolus , Moraea stenocarpa Schltr. ): It occurs from Tulbagh via Worcester to Caledon and in Stanford in the Western Cape. Parts of the original area were lost to agricultural land, and the populations of the remaining isolated sites are continuously endangered.
      • Moraea intermedia Goldblatt & JCManning : It is only known from one site in Namaqualand west of Springbok in the North Cape. In 2012 there were only fewer than 250 flowering specimens left at the natural site and that is endangered by grazing.
      • Moraea linderi Goldblatt : There are only two known sites in the Piket Mountains and in Koue Bokkeveld in the Western Cape. In 2006 there were less than 50 flowering specimens at the natural site.
      • Moraea longiflora Ker Gawl. : It is only known from two sites in Namaqualand, Kamiesberg in the North Cape. In 2006 there were fewer than 1000 flowering specimens at the natural site.
      • Moraea margaretae Goldblatt : It occurs in the central and northern Namaqualand from Garies in the south to the area around the Steinkopf in the north in the North Cape.
      • Moraea maximiliani (Schltr.) Goldblatt : This endemic is known from fewer than ten sites from Clanwilliam to the Pakhuis Pass and in the Biedouw Valley in the Western Cape.
      • Moraea nana (L.Bolus) gold leaf : It is relatively widespread for this genus from Namaqualand to Citrusdal in the Northern and Western Cape.
      • Moraea orthrosantha Goldblatt & JCManning : In spring 2012/2013 a small population of this species, which was first described in 2014, was discovered. It has so far only been found in a small area north of Garies in a higher area south of Garagams in Namaqualand in the North Cape.
      • Moraea singularis Goldblatt & JCManning : It was first described in 2013 from the North Cape. So far it is only known from the eastern foothills of the Kamiesberg massif in the central Namaqualand.
      • Moraea umbellata Thunb. : It occurs in the Western Cape.

Species that no longer belong to this genus

Neotropical species and some other species that were formerly classified in the genus Moraea are now placed in other genera. No longer belonging to the genus Moraea (selection):

Hazard and protection

A large number of species only occur in a small distribution area. For some species, their original area has been reduced through agriculture , road construction and / or urbanization . In some locations the populations are threatened by invasive plant species . Both in the lists of the IUCN (7 species) and that of the State of South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI, (189 species), many species are rated at different risk levels. 16 species are classified as Critically Endangered. 17 species are designated as endangered = highly endangered. 22 species are Vulnerable = endangered. 4 species are considered Near Threatened = potentially endangered. At least 110 species are classified as Least Concern = not endangered. In the red list of endangered plant species, 12 species are designated as rare and 2 species as very rare (if a rare species occurs only in one place); both are criteria that are not used in the IUCN. There is no monitoring of some species and no red lists are available in some states.

Toxicity

Moraea species are poisonous. They contain bufadienolide and cardiac glycosides , which in South Africa caused disease and death in grazing animals.

swell

  • J. Gathe: Moraea. In: Western Australian Herbarium (Ed.): FloraBase. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online.
  • Syed Irtifaq Ali, Brian Mathew: Flora of Pakistan 202: Iridaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2000, Moraea, online .
  • Peter Goldblatt: Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, Homeria, and Roggeveldia in Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae). In: Novon. Volume 8, No. 4, 1998, pp. 371-377, online .
  • Peter Goldblatt, Vincent Savolainen, Obie Porteous, Ivan Sostaric, Martyn Powell, Gail Reeves, John C. Manning, Timothy G. Barraclough, Mark W. Chase: Radiation in the Cape flora and the phylogeny of peacock irises Moraea (Iridaceae) based on four plastid DNA regions. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 25, No. 2, 2002, pp. 341-360, DOI: 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (02) 00235-X , PDF file.
  • B. Loeuille, Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, V. Savolainen: Molecular phylogeny of genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae): DNA sequences analysis. In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 150, No. 3, 2003, pp. 345-353.
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: The Iris Family: Natural History and Classification. Timber Press, Portland 2008, ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6 .
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, Dee Snijman: The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs. Timber Press, Portland, 2002, ISBN 0-88192-547-0 .
  • Peter Goldblatt: Iridaceae. In: GV Pope (ed.): Flora Zambesiaca. Volume 12, Part 4, 1993, ISBN 0-947643-57-5 , Moraea online.
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, J. Schnitzler: A revised infrageneric classification and synopsis of the Afro-Eurasian genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae). In: Bothalia , Volume 43, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 29-42. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v43i1.84
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Systematics of the hypervariable Moraea tripetala complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) of the southern African winter rainfall zone. In:  Bothalia (African Biodiversity and Conservation) , Volume 42, Issue 2, December 2012, pp. 111-135. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v42i2.12
  • Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Review of chromosome cytology in Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae): What chromosomes reveal about the evolution of the genus. In:  Bothalia (African Biodiversity and Conservation) , Volume 43, Issue 1, January 2013, pp. 43–54. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v43i1.85

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings, M. Coates Palgrave, 2016: Data sheet Moraea. at Flora of Zimbabwe .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, J Schnitzler: A revised infrageneric classification and synopsis of the Afro-Eurasian genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae). In: Bothalia , Volume 43, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 29-42. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v43i1.84
  3. ^ Moraea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 5, 2016.
  4. ^ Umberto Quattrocchi2000: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. 3, M-Q. CRC Press, Boca Raton, etc. 2000, ISBN 0-8493-2677-X , limited preview in Google Book Search.
  5. ^ A b c Moraea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Moraea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv Species list for Moraea in the Red List of South African Plants
  8. ↑ a b c d Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Review of the southern African Moraea ciliata complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) including the three new taxa M. flava and M. ciliata subsp. cuprina and subsp. lutescens. In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 99, July 2015, pp. 107-114. doi : 10.1016 / j.sajb.2015.03.197
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Eight new species of Moraea (Iridaceae) from southern Africa with range extensions and morphological notes in the genus. In: Bothalia , Volume 43, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 153-165. ( online. )
  10. ↑ Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, R. von Blittersdorff et al .: New species of Gladiolus L. and Moraea Mill. (Iridaceae) from Tanzania and Mozambique. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 69, 2014. doi : 10.1007 / s12225-014-9496-y
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, A. le Roux: New taxa in Moraea subgenera Moraea and Vieusseuxia (Iridaceae: Irideae) from Western Cape, South Africa. In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 99, July 2015, pp. 69–74. doi : 10.1016 / j.sajb.2015.03.188
  12. ↑ a b c d e Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Taxonomy of the Moraea saxicola complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) of arid, western southern Africa, with the new species, M. acocksii, M. geminifolia, M. quartzicola and M teretifolia. In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 91, 2014, pp. 75-83. doi : 10.1016 / j.sajb.2013.12.006
  13. ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
  14. ^ A b Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Notes on African plants - Iridaceae. In: Bothalia , Volume 42, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 210-215. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v42i2.22
  15. ^ A b Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: Moraea orthrosantha (Iridaceae: Irideae), a new species from Namaqualand, South Africa. In: Bothalia , Volume 44, Issue 1, 2014. doi : 10.4102 / abc.v44i1.132
  16. ↑ a b Moraea in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. Accessed on 2016-10-24.
  17. ↑ Christo Botha: Cardiac glycoside intoxication - Introduction. University of Pretoria / African Veterinary Information Portal.
  18. ↑ Ben-Erik van Wyk 2002, Fanie van Heerden, Bosch van Oudtshoorn: Poisonous plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria 2002, ISBN 1-87509-330-3 .

Web links

Commons : Moraea  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikispecies: Moraea  - Species Directory