Museums in Germany

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In Germany there are around 6,800 museums with around 114 million visitors a year and 470 exhibition halls with around 6.2 million visitors a year.

The Berlin Institute for Museum Research publishes annual statistical evaluations of the number of visits to the museums of the Federal Republic of Germany. These visitor numbers are also used by the Wiesbaden Federal Statistical Office as official visitor statistics for museums in Germany.

With over 5,000 members, ICOM Germany is the largest museum organization in Germany and at the same time the national committee with the largest number of members within the International Council of Museums (ICOM). There is also the German Museum Association , which acts as a nationwide interest group for all museums in Germany as well as the staff and volunteers there.

Museums

Museums by topic

The allocation of museums to museum types is based on their main areas of collection and focus. Biographical museums are grouped into the corresponding museum type depending on the focus of the collection. The Institute for Museum Research uses a classification adapted to the UNESCO classification. This enables better international comparability of the number of visits to museums.

Class Museum type Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg BavariaBavaria Bavaria BerlinBerlin Berlin BrandenburgBrandenburg Brandenburg BremenBremen Bremen HamburgHamburg Hamburg HesseHesse Hesse Mecklenburg-Western PomeraniaMecklenburg-Western Pomerania Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Lower Saxony North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate SaarlandSaarland Saarland SaxonySaxony Saxony Saxony-AnhaltSaxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt Schleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein ThuringiaThuringia Thuringia Museum number (2010)
1 Folklore and local history museums 542 487 20th 178 4th 12 225 118 310 247 183 39 161 99 111 76 2,812
2 Art museums 107 134 37 26th 10 7th 41 14th 37 109 36 6th 35 16 24 21st 660
3 Palace and castle museums 39 61 12 24 0 1 20th 6th 27 13 16 1 16 14th 5 16 271
4th Natural history museums 35 59 5 9 2 3 11 17th 38 41 21st 2 16 9 25th 15th 308
5 Natural science and technical museums 97 112 16 43 9 9 41 23 86 108 54 5 72 31 22nd 29 757
6th Historical and archaeological museums 77 80 31 22nd 2 9 15th 13 34 41 32 6th 23 24 19th 15th 443
7th Collection museums with complex collections 3 5 0 2 1 0 2 1 3 5 1 0 1 2 0 1 27
8th Special museums of cultural history 154 192 34 31 6th 14th 51 22nd 85 106 62 7th 61 31 28 41 925
9 Several museums in one museum complex 12 23 3 1 0 0 5 0 7th 9 2 0 6th 5 3 2 78
total 1,066 1,153 158 336 34 55 411 214 627 679 407 66 391 231 237 216 6,281
  1. Museums with a focus on folklore, local history or regional history: folklore, local history, farmhouses, mills, agriculture, local and regional history
  2. Art museums: art and architecture, handicrafts, ceramics, church treasures and church art, film, photography
  3. Palace and castle museums: palaces and castles with inventory, monasteries with inventory, historical libraries
  4. Natural history museums: zoology, botany, veterinary medicine, natural history, geosciences, paleontology, natural history
  5. Natural science and technical museums: technology, transport, mining, metallurgy, chemistry, physics, astronomy, history of technology, human medicine, pharmacy, industrial history, other related sciences
  6. Historical and archaeological museums: history (non-traditional local history), memorials (only with exhibits), personalia (history), archeology, prehistory and early history, militaria
  7. Collection museums with complex holdings: Several collection focuses from areas 1–6 and 8
  8. Special museums of cultural history: cultural history, religious and ecclesiastical history, ethnology, children's museums, toys, music history, brewing and viticulture, literary history, fire brigade, musical instruments, other specialties
  9. Several museums in the same building (museum complexes): Several museums with different collections that are housed in the same building. For the evaluation according to museum type, the museums are assigned to these groups.

Museums according to number of visitors

The most popular museums include four with a visitor number of over one million, including a natural science and technology museum, a model railway museum and two historical museums.

rank museum Type Location Number of visitors Reference year
1 German museum Technology museum Munich , Bonn , Oberschleissheim 1,445,888 2018
2 miniature wonderland Model railway museum Hamburg 1,400,000 2018
3 Topography of Terror historical Museum Berlin 1,380,000 2018
4th Berlin Wall Memorial historical Museum Berlin 1,100,000 2018

The following 18 most visited museums include two natural history museums, a natural science-technical museum, three archaeological-historical museums as well as nine special museums of cultural history, a castle museum and two automobile museums.

rank museum Type Location Number of visitors Reference year
5 German Maritime Museum Natural History Museum Stralsund 858.498 2017
6th Wall Museum historical Museum Berlin 850,000 2017
7th Mercedes Benz Museum Automobile museum Stuttgart 834.121 2018
8th Pergamon Museum Archaeological Museum Berlin 780,000 2018
9 German Historical Museum historical Museum Berlin 775,000 2018
10 new museum Archaeological Museum Berlin 770,000 2018
11 Natural History Museum Berlin Natural History Museum Berlin 734,000 2018
12 House of History historical Museum Bonn 650,000 2018
13 Jewish Museum Berlin historical Museum Berlin 619.333 2018
14th German Museum of Technology Technology museum Berlin 593,000 2018
15th LVR Archaeological Park Xanten Archaeological Museum Xanten 587,927 2018
16 DDR Museum historical Museum Berlin 585,000 2018
17th Schloss Charlottenburg Castle Museum Berlin 548,000 2018
18th Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe historical Museum Berlin 480,000 2017
19th Porsche Museum Automobile museum Stuttgart 442.056 2017
20th Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial historical Museum Berlin 440,000 2017
21st Germanic National Museum historical Museum Nuremberg 435,581 2017
22nd Schirn art gallery historical Museum Frankfurt am Main 401,514 2017

Below the mark of 400,000 visitors per year in 2017 a. the Städel Museum with 390,532 visitors as well as the Senckenberg Naturmuseum with 388,143 visitors in Frankfurt am Main, the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden with 368,105 visitors, the Hamburger Kunsthalle with 340,000 visitors, the Pinakothek der Moderne with 328,311 visitors and the Residenz Museum with 314,026 visitors in Munich and the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin with 316,000 visitors and in 2019 the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg with 311,588 visitors. Furthermore, in 2017 the Hamburger Bahnhof - Museum für Gegenwart in Berlin with 306,000 visitors, the Museum Ludwig in Cologne with 304,942 visitors and the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin with 301,000 visitors should be mentioned.

Museums by state

Germany outline map

Museum lists sorted by the sixteen German countries .

country Museum list Museums
(2016)		 Visitors
(2016)		 Previous year
(2015)		 exhibition
settings		 Previous year
(2015)
Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg List of museums in Baden-Württemberg 1,140 15,659,704 15,679,948 1,196 1,249
BavariaBavaria Bavaria List of museums in Bavaria 1,254 18,919,128 20.235.073 1,216 1,179
BerlinBerlin Berlin List of museums in Berlin and the surrounding area 170 16,456,447 16,320,622 368 379
BrandenburgBrandenburg Brandenburg List of museums in Brandenburg 331 3,667,155 3,813,723 411 478
BremenBremen Bremen List of museums in Bremen (with Bremerhaven) 34 1,537,649 1,540,708 81 83
HamburgHamburg Hamburg List of museums in Hamburg 62 2,431,422 2,407,726 76 110
HesseHesse Hesse List of museums in Hessen 419 5,130,134 5,277,038 593 638
Mecklenburg-Western PomeraniaMecklenburg-Western Pomerania Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania List of museums in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 215 3,229,636 3,257,796 277 294
Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Lower Saxony List of museums in Lower Saxony 695 6,869,421 7.094.854 779 811
North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia List of museums in North Rhine-Westphalia 723 14,926,451 15,474,455 1,136 1,322
Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate List of museums in Rhineland-Palatinate 499 4,848,396 4,594,733 461 434
SaarlandSaarland Saarland List of museums in Saarland 73 600.156 608.986 100 93
SaxonySaxony Saxony List of museums in Saxony 391 8.051.020 8,521,342 781 816
Saxony-AnhaltSaxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt List of museums in Saxony-Anhalt 236 2,620,199 2,698,404 330 356
Schleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein List of museums in Schleswig-Holstein 226 2,453,551 2,553,814 282 328
ThuringiaThuringia Thuringia List of museums in Thuringia 244 4,476,616 4,343,970 459 455
total 6.712 111,877,085 114.423.192 8,546 9,025

Of 6712 museum facilities, 70% (4699) reported visitor numbers, adding up 111,877,085 museum visits in 2016, which is a decrease of -2.2% compared to 2015.

Museums by location

The most important museum locations in Germany measured by the number of museums (in brackets), as well as their exhibits and visitor numbers:

Art and exhibition halls

Art and exhibition halls according to number of visitors

Exhibition houses or galleries are institutions that show changing exhibitions and do not have their own collections. These are also often art halls, such as B. the art gallery of the Hypo-Kulturstiftung in Munich, the art gallery Tübingen or the Cubus art gallery in Duisburg. Exhibition houses can often be found in large cities and museum metropolises, in which, in addition to museums, a lively cultural scene with diverse exhibition activities has established itself. The distribution of the exhibition houses by federal state is fundamentally different from that of the museums.

In the exhibition halls in Germany, only two houses reached over 500,000 visitors in 2010:

rank Exhibition hall Type city Number of visitors (2011)
1 Martin-Gropius-Bau Art museum Berlin 640,000
2 Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany Art museum Bonn 591,793

Below the mark of 500,000 visitors per year in 2010 a. the Bonn Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany (in short: Bundeskunsthalle) with 451,000 visitors, but was exceeded by more than 50 percent in 2011 with 700,000 visitors.

See also

literature

(in chronological order)

  • Klemens Mörmann (ed.): The German museum guide in color. Museums and collections in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin. Book guild Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main / Olten / Vienna 1983, DNB 870131540 .
  • Peter Stepan (ed.): The German museums. Westermann's colored guide through all important museums and collections. Westermann non-fiction book, Braunschweig 1983, ISBN 3-14-508854-8 .
  • Christoph Hahn, Siegmar Hohl (ed.): The great museum guide. Collections on art, culture, nature and technology in Germany. Bassermann Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 2000, ISBN 978-3-8094-5013-9 .
  • Nele Güntheroth, Arnold Vogt: Destination museum. Leisure quality through cooperation between museums and tourism. (= Wunderkammer series. Volume 2). Dr. Christian Müller-Straten, Munich 2001, DNB 962696463 .
  • Alexis Joachimides: The museum reform movement in Germany and the emergence of the modern museum 1880-1940. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden / Basel 2001, ISBN 978-90-5705-171-5 .
  • Martin Große Burlage: Great historical exhibitions in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1960–2000. (= Contemporary history, understanding of time. Volume 15). Lit Verlag, Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-8258-8813-8 .
  • Carsten Kretschmann: Rooms open up. Natural history museums in 19th century Germany. (= Knowledge culture and social change. Volume 12). Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-05-004202-2 .
  • Bénédicte Savoy (ed.): Temple of Art. The creation of the public museum in Germany 1701–1815. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 978-3-8053-3637-6 .
  • Olaf Hartung: Small German Museum History. From the Enlightenment to the early 20th century. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20536-2 .
  • Markus Walz (Ed.): Museum manual. History, tasks, perspectives. J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-476-02375-9 .
  • Alexander Klein: Museum of the Museum. History of German museums in their world. Thelem, Dresden 2018, ISBN 978-3-945363-66-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Overall statistical survey at the museums of the Federal Republic of Germany for 2017 (PDF; 3.17 MB), accessed on April 11, 2019
  2. ↑ a b c Overall statistical survey of the museums of the Federal Republic of Germany for the year 2017 (PDF), Institute for Museum Research of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Prussian Cultural Heritage
  3. ↑ About us. German National Committee of the International Museum Council ICOM. In: ICOM Germany. Retrieved October 18, 2016 .
  4. ↑ German Museum Association. We. In: German Museum Association. Retrieved October 18, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Deutsches Museum attracts more and more people , on deutsches-museum.de, January 24, 2019, accessed on March 24, 2020
  6. ↑ How Miniatur Wunderland once turned down a $ 100 million offer on omr.com, July 3, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  7. ↑ Topography of Terror reports a record year on tagesspiegel.de, January 15, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  8. ↑ Berlin Wall: 2018 more than 1.1 million visitors to sueddeutsche.de, January 3, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  9. ↑ A lot going on at the Deutsches Meeresmuseum: Aquarium conversion for the 10th birthday in the OZEANEUM / MEERESMUSEUM shows two new special exhibitions on ozeaneum.de, accessed on March 24, 2020
  10. ↑ In the car tank across the border on faz.net, September 3, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020
  11. ↑ The Mercedes-Benz Museum remained a worldwide visitor magnet in 2018 at blog.mercedes-benz-passion.com, January 23, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  12. ↑ a b c d e Number of visitors to the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin * in 2017 and 2018. from statista.com , accessed on March 23, 2020
  13. ↑ Top 10: The most visited museums in Berlin on dw.com, August 30, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  14. ↑ Top 10: The most visited museums in Berlin on dw.com, August 30, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  15. ↑ How popular is the Haus der Geschichte in Bonn? on general-anzeiger-bonn.de, August 20, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  16. ↑ Jewish Museum Berlin Annual Report 2017/2018 [PDF] on jmberlin.de, accessed on March 23, 2020
  17. ↑ Top 10: The most visited museums in Berlin on dw.com, August 30, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  18. ^ Heinz Kühnen: Construction of the city wall: APX moves closer to the city center. Retrieved May 1, 2020 .
  19. ↑ Top 10: The most visited museums in Berlin on dw.com, August 30, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  20. ↑ Top 10: The most visited museums in Berlin on dw.com, August 30, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  21. ↑ 2017: 470,000 people visit the Holocaust memorial on berlin.de, January 3, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020
  22. ↑ Museums count three million visitors to stuttgarter-nachrichten.de, February 24, 2019, accessed on March 23, 2020
  23. ↑ Five millionth visitor to the ex-Stasi prison [PDF] on stiftung-hsh.de, April 11, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020
  24. ↑ Nuremberg in figures 2018. (PDF) In: nuernberg.de. Statistical Office of the City of Nuremberg, accessed on March 23, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Audience figures from the Frankfurt museums 2017. on stadtkindfrankfurt.de , April 27, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020.
  26. ↑ Audience figures from the Frankfurt museums 2017. on stadtkindfrankfurt.de , April 27, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020.
  27. ↑ SKD Annual Report 2017. (PDF) Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, accessed on March 23, 2020 . , P. 92
  28. ↑ Hamburger Kunsthalle: The number of visitors in 2017 fell short of expectations. on publicmarketing.eu , January 17, 2018, accessed on March 20, 2020.
  29. ↑ Bayerische Staatsgemädlesammlungen 2017 Annual Report [PDF] on pinakothek.de, accessed on March 23, 2020
  30. ↑ Visitor numbers 2009 to 2019 of the museums of the city of Nuremberg on nuernberg.de; accessed January 22, 2020
  31. ↑ 2017 was a successful year for the city's museums. on stadt-koeln.de , January 24, 2018, accessed on March 23, 2020
  32. ^ Institute for Museum Research: Overall statistical survey at the museums of the Federal Republic of Germany for the year 2016 (=  materials from the Institute for Museum Research . Volume 71 ). Berlin 2017 ( smb.museum [PDF]).
  33. ↑ Frida Kahlo brings top visitors to the Gropius-Bau , Märkische Oderzeitung, January 15, 2011
  34. ↑ Bundeskunsthalle 2011: More than 700,000 visitors , General-Anzeiger, January 5, 2012