Hellerbergland

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Hellerbergland
Highest peak Lipper Höhe ( 621.4  m above sea  level )
location North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany
part of Siegerlandes / Southern: Westerwaldes
Classification according to Emil Meynen and Federal Agency for Nature Conservation / popular
Hellerbergland (Germany)
Hellerbergland
Coordinates 50 ° 46 ′  N , 8 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′  N , 8 ° 0 ′  E
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The Hellerbergland is the southernmost part of the natural Siegerland on the border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate from its eastern seam line to the cold oak in the extreme southwest of the Rothaargebirge to its southern seam line to the Hohe Westerwald . The Heller flows through it centrally in westerly to north-westerly directions and is divided into the Northern Hellerbergland , the Middle Hellertal and the Southern Hellerbergland .

While that up to 621.4  m above sea level. NHN high Southern Hellerbergland is commonly seen as part or northern roofing of the Westerwald , the more demarcated Northern Hellerbergland is usually referred to in maps as a windcock after its highest ( 517  m ) elevation .

The Hellerbergland, together with the gable forest up to 527  m high to the north, forms a barrier from the North Rhine-Westphalian core Siegerland to the Rhineland-Palatinate Mittelieg mountain region to the east , which the Sieg breaks through in the Niederschelden-Betzdorfer Siegtal between Niederschelden and Betzdorf the Heller between Neunkirchen and Betzdorf.

Natural structure

The Hellerbergland is naturally structured as follows:

Northern Hellerbergland

The northern Hellerbergland , commonly named after its highest point, the 517  m high windcock , also called windcock , is about 16 km wider in the west-southwest-east-northeast direction, measuring 5 km in the center in the north-northwest-south-southeast direction, and is relatively well self-contained , densely forested ridge in the south of the historical and natural Siegerland . Its eastern half is in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district , North Rhine-Westphalia , and its western half in the Altenkirchen district , Rhineland-Palatinate .

Location and limits

The northern Hellerbergland is separated to the northeast by the narrow valley of the Eisernbach from Wilnsdorf in the east via Eisern to Eiserfeld in the east north of the Kern-Siegerland, to the northwest it divides the landscape -defining Niederschelden-Betzdorfer Siegtal der Sieg between Niederschelden in the north via Mudersbach , Brachbach and Kirchen (Sieg) to Betzdorf in the west of the 10  m higher gable forest .

Of Betzdorf of which is upriver Middle Hellertal over Herdorf to Neunkirchen (western) southern border to Southern Heller Bergland and the extension of the valley to the east upstream of the Wild brook by savages southeastern border with already the Rothaargebirge introductory Kalteiche . The route of the A 45 runs over the narrow corridor between Wilden and Wilnsdorf, which connects the northern Hellerbergland with the Kalteiche in the far east , which roughly represents the eastern border.

Waters

The few short streams that flow through the interior of the mountainous area drain almost all south to Heller and Wildebach . Your fan-shaped valleys are z. Partly cut deep into the landscape.

The most important of these brooks are arranged from east to west - wildebach- or lighter downhill:

  • Arbach (3.8 km, 4.7 km²) - to the Wildebach
  • Herzbach (3.7 km, 3.7 km²) - nominally to the Dermbach, but under 50 m common
  • Dermbach (2.3 km, 4.8 km²) - zur Heller (with Herzbach 8.5 km²)
  • Imhäuserbach (5.0 km, 5.1 km²) - to the Heller

The Imhäuser Tal - a meadow valley with some wet meadow stands - divides the western part of the landscape. On its upper reaches, Offhausen and Herkersdorf (downstream) are two of the three places in the landscape. The third place, Dermbach , is located immediately to the west of the middle creek of its namesake.

mountains

The two most important peaks of the ridge by far are the 517  m high Windhahn in the western part of Rhineland-Palatinate and the 499 m high Pfannenberg in the eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia . The rock formation Druidenstein to the west of the Windhahn located at around 450  m is also particularly well-known .

landscape

Towards the eastern seam line to the Kalteiche, the mountainous terrain gradually flattens out and also has less relief, but the corridor between the two mountain ranges on the A 45 does not drop below 400  m .

The landscape is densely forested, only the three small towns in the interior (from west to east), Herkersdorf , Offhausen (both to Kirchen ) and Dermbach (to Herdorf ), located on the west side of Rhineland-Palatinate, have been cleared. Deciduous forest predominates in the valley flanks, coniferous forest at higher altitudes, whereby both forms are roughly in balance.

Middle Hellertal

Contrary to its first part of the name, the natural area Mittleres Hellertal , apart from the course of the source in the area of ​​the Kalteiche , represents almost the entire, 19 km air line and almost 27 river kilometers exciting valley course of the Heller from Burbach in the southeast over Neunkirchen (both district Siegen-Wittgenstein , North Rhine-Westphalia ) and Herdorf until shortly before the confluence in Betzdorf (the latter places Altenkirchen district , Rhineland-Palatinate ). Just beyond the far east of the Burbach district, the valley even reaches minimal parts of Hessian soil, in the east of Neunkirchen it follows the Wildebach upstream towards Wilden . In addition, the Gilsbach lane from Gilsbach , which, except to the southwest - where the landscape flattens out towards Wahlbach - is surrounded in all directions by foothills of the cold oak, belongs to the natural area.

The Hellertal joins the northern Hellerbergland up to 517  m high in the north , the southern Hellerbergland up to 620  m high in the south and the Kalteiche massif in the extreme southwest of the Rothaargebirge in the east . To the (north) west, the extreme west of the Niederschelden-Betzdorfer Siegtal joins the Sieg at the seam line to the Mittelieg-Bergland .

The free ground

The Mittlere Hellertal coincides in large parts with the settlement area of ​​the historical region Freier Grund .

Waters

The following streams, coming from the massif of the Kalteiche , flow downstream from the right into the Heller and are almost completely in the natural area:

Both streams run almost entirely in the natural area.

mountains

Between the valleys of Volkersbach (southeast), Heller (southwest) and Wildebach (northwest and north) lies the Rassberg ridge with the 432  m high Leyenkopf , which branches off directly from the Kalteiche massif and is part of the natural area.

Southern Hellerbergland

The southern Hellerbergland , which is about 22 km wide in the west-north-west-east-south-east and a maximum of 8 km in width in the north-north-east-south-south-west direction, is the southernmost part of the natural Siegerland on its southern seam line to the High Westerwald , which it overlooks towards the Heller and thus towards Sieg . It reaches altitudes of up to 620  m , which is only just below that of the High Westerwald, but differs significantly from this in terms of relief and vegetation. The southern Hellerbergland is almost entirely forested and the river valleys of Daadenbach , Buchheller and other streams are cut deep into the landscape.

The western half of the mountainous region lies in the Altenkirchen district ( Rhineland-Palatinate ), its eastern half in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district ( North Rhine-Westphalia ).

Location and limits

The southern Hellerbergland is separated from the northern Hellerbergland (up to 517  m ) in northern directions by the Mittlere Hellertal der Heller from Betzdorf upstream to Neunkirchen . In the upper reaches of the river it separates the valley further towards Burbach , in the east of which, beyond Würgendorf , the watershed of the Sieg zur Lahn is reached, and finally from the massif of the Kalteiche (up to 579  m ) to the northeast .

To the southeast, this watershed runs over the ridge of Die Höh over the Hellerbergland itself, while on the other side the natural area of Dilltal with the Haigerbach and the districts of Holzhausen and Lützeln adjoins.

At the Lipper Höhe, immediately southeast of the Lippe district , the watershed finally reaches the seam line to the 657  m high Westerwald basalt plateau . This follows the relief and the forest accordingly over Lippe to the west and passes the state border with Rhineland-Palatinate and the district border with the Altenkirchen district southeast of Emmerzhausen , from where it continues to immediately southeast of Mauden . Here the Westerwald basalt plateau merges to the west into the Neunkhausen-Weitefelder Plateau , which, also part of the Hohe Westerwald, resembles the basalt plateau in relief and vegetation, but no longer reaches its heights and is 400  m high on the seam line . The border runs immediately north of the places Derschen , Friedewald and Weitefeld on the plateau .

East of Steineroth the narrow western seam line of the Hellerbergland to the Nisterbergland and thus to the Mittelieg-Bergland is reached. This border follows the watershed between Heller and Elbbach to the northwest, in order to finally reach the Siegschleife west of Scheuerfeld . From here to Betzdorf to the east, the lowest section of the Niederschelden-Betzdorfer Siegtal forms a natural north-western border of the southern Hellerbergland.

Waters

The following streams and rivers, ordered downhill, run over the southern Hellerbergland; Because of the elevation structure, the rivers are always left tributaries, so the rivers are ordered clockwise at the same time:

  • Heller (30.2 km, 204.2 km²) - northern border river
    • Buchheller (9.4 km, 14.7 km²)
    • Mischebach (5.7 km, 7.6 km²)
    • Sottersbach (6.1 km, 8.0 km²)
    • Daadenbach (16.0 km, 53.3 km²)
      • Derscherbach (3.9 km, 9.3 km²)
      • Friedewalderbach (4.9 km, 8.1 km²)
      • Dreisbach (5.6 km, 8.4 km²)

The Heller rises on the massif of the Kalteiche , Buchheller and Daadenbach on the Westerwald basalt plateau and the Daadenbach tributaries listed on the Neunkhausen-Weitefelder Plateau . Only the Mischel- and Sotterbach run entirely in the Hellerbergland.

All stream valleys are prominently cut into the landscape. In particular, the natural border to the two parts of the High Westerwald is oriented, in addition to the forest, at the beginning of the valley subsidence.

mountains

The following surveys characterize the southern Hellerbergland u. a .:

  • Lipper Höhe ( 621.4  m , extreme southeast) - southern seam from the Höh to the Hohen Westerwald on the Lahn-Sieg watershed
  • Lipper Nürr ( 616.9  m , south of the state border)
  • Die Höh ( 598  m , extreme east) - bridge from the Kalteiche to the Hohen Westerwald on the Lahn-Sieg watershed
  • The castle ( 594.5  m , east)
  • Hohenseelbachskopf ( 517.5  m , north of the state border)
  • Mahlscheid ( Malscheid ; 509.3  m , north of the state border) - nature reserve with Silbersee in open-cast mine
  • Arsberg ( 430  m , extreme west)
  • Hellerberg ( 366.9  m , north) - North Rhine-Westphalia, directly on the Hellertal

landscape

As a seam line between the Siegerland and the High Westerwald , the southern Hellerbergland has, on the one hand, typical characteristics of a spring trough landscape with clearly sunk river valleys, and on the other hand, clear signs of volcanic activity in the High Westerwald can be seen in places. Between the basalt peaks, which were previously used for mining, there are small-scale planes.

The landscape is characterized by dense forest, deciduous forest on the valley flanks and mostly spruce forest in the higher areas. Significant clearings can be found almost exclusively in the settlement zone of the Daadenbach Valley, which was shaped by earlier ore mining, and on the southern seam line to the Hohen Westerwald.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The 621.4 m can be found on the GeoViewer of the Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia , GK 5 from December 10, 2010
  2. ↑ Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
  3. ↑ On TK 10 there is only one roundabout with a height of 616.9 m at Lipper Höhe, but the 620 m line is visible to the northeast of it.
  4. ↑ a b c landscape profile "Northern Hellerbergland" - Ministry of Environment Rhineland-Palatinate
  5. ↑ a b Regional plan for the Arnsberg administrative region. (PDF) Subsection Upper Area Siegen (District Siegen-Wittgenstein and District Olpe). District government Arnsberg, accessed on December 20, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Environmental Atlas Hesse
  7. ↑ a b "Southern Hellerbergland" landscape profile - Rhineland-Palatinate Ministry of the Environment
  8. ^ Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW
  9. ↑ Map service of the Rhineland-Palatinate water management authority