Organization for Islamic Cooperation
| Organization for Islamic Cooperation OIC / OCI |
|
|---|---|
 Member (dark green) and observer states (light green) |
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| English name | Organization of Islamic Cooperation |
| French name | Organization de la coopération islamique |
| Arabic name | منظمة التعاون الإسلامي Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-islāmī |
| Seat of the organs |
Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
|
| Secretary General |
Yousef Al-Othaimeen
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| Member States | 56 |
| Official and working languages | |
| founding |
September 25, 1969 |
| oic-oci.org | |
The Organization for Islamic Cooperation ( Arabic منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, DMG Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-islāmī ; English Organization of Islamic Cooperation, OIC ; French L'Organisation de Coopération Islamique, OCI ; formerly the Organization of the Islamic Conference ) is an intergovernmental international organization of currently 56 states in which Islam is the state religion , the religion of the majority of the population or the religion of a significant minority. The organization claims to represent Islam. Several larger member states ( Saudi Arabia , Egypt , Turkey and Iran ) are claiming leadership behind the scenes; the other states dispute their right to do so. As a result of these rivalries, the OIC has barely been able to act since 2017.
Foundation and goals
One of the predecessor organizations was the 1964 Congress of Islamic States in Somalia . The OIC was founded on September 25, 1969 in Rabat ( Morocco ). The OIC cites the reason for the establishment that after the conquest of Jerusalem in the Six Day War in 1967 the al-Aqsa mosque was under Israel's sphere of influence . At that time, the founding members of the OIC specified the “liberation” of the mosque and Jerusalem as the most important task. At the first foreign ministers' conference of the OIC in the Saudi Arabian Jeddah in March 1970, the establishment of a permanent general secretariat was decided and Jeddah was set as the seat of the organization until the planned "liberation of Jerusalem".
General Secretaries
General secretaries since its inception:
- 1970–1973 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj (Malaysia)
- 1974–1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt)
- 1975–1980 Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal)
- 1980–1984 Habib Chatty (Tunisia)
- 1985–1988 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Pakistan)
- 1989–1996 Hamid Algabid (Niger)
- 1997–2000 Azzedine Laraki (Morocco)
- 2001-2004 Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco)
- 2005–2013 Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkey)
- 2014–2016 Iyad bin Amin Madani (Saudi Arabia)
- 2016– Yousef Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia)
1972 OIC Charter
At the third meeting of the OIC Foreign Ministers' Conference in February 1972, the main concerns of the organization were approved. The most important goals of the OIC Charter are the promotion of Islamic solidarity and political, economic, social, cultural and scientific cooperation among the member states, as well as the promotion of the efforts of Muslims for their dignity, independence and national rights. The organization also wants to coordinate efforts to secure the holy Islamic sites; it is also intended to help the Palestinians gain their rights and end the occupation of their territories.
More general objectives are stated that the OIC should work towards the eradication of all forms of ethnic discrimination and colonialism and promote cooperation and understanding between the member states and other states.
Suspension of Egypt in 1979
After the Egyptian-Israeli separate peace ( Camp David Agreement ), Egypt's membership was suspended in 1979. Egypt's President Anwar al-Sadat tried in vain to set up a counter-organization with the League of Arab and Islamic Peoples . After Sadat's assassination, his successor Mubarak dissolved the Sadat League again in 1983, and in 1984 Egypt was re-accepted into the Organization for Islamic Cooperation.
Declaration of Human Rights in Islam 1990
In 1990, at the 19th OIC Foreign Ministers Conference, the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam was adopted, which is to serve as a guideline for the member states in the field of human rights . In the concluding Articles 24 and 25, the religiously legitimized Islamic legislation, the Sharia , is established as the sole basis for interpreting this declaration; indirectly so that the generality of 1948 by the will of the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights questioned. An Arab Charter of Human Rights was also adopted by the Arab League in 1994 , but did not come into force due to a lack of ratifications until a revised version was adopted in 2004.
Attitude to Islamophobia
In the Saudi Arabian Jeddah , an OIC conference on September 11, 2006 unanimously decided to call for a UN resolution in which the defamation of all prophets and religions is prohibited. In addition, freedom of expression for the media regarding “religious symbols” is to be regulated internationally. Strategies should be developed that are directed against anti-Islamic media reporting.
The meeting in Jeddah was the follow-up to an international conference held in May 2006 by the OIC in London . The focus of this conference was on the development of solutions to counter the increasing " Islamophobia " in Europe.
At the request of the OIC, the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva in March 2007 passed a resolution for a worldwide ban on the public defamation of religions. The statement refers to a campaign against Muslim minorities and Islam since the Islamist terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States . The resolution is seen as a reaction to the cartoons of Mohammed printed in a Danish newspaper . T. had triggered violent outrage. The resolution was criticized by the human rights organization Human Rights Watch , which sees the fundamental rights of individuals at risk. The document focuses on protecting religions themselves, especially Islam, and not the rights of individuals. The French philosopher Pascal Bruckner added critically that the demand came from an organization "which is financed by dozens of Muslim states which themselves shamelessly persecute Jews, Christians, Buddhists and Hindus".
2008 OIC charter
In spring 2008 the OIC replaced its Cold War charter from 1972. The representatives of the 57 member states unanimously approved the new charter. For the first time, the new charter explicitly refers to human rights. It demands that members work for “democracy, human rights, fundamental freedoms, the rule of law and responsible governance” in their own country and internationally .
Renaming and establishment of a human rights body
At a conference on June 28, 2011 in Astana, Kazakhstan (Nur-Sultan since 2019) , it was decided to rename the OIC to Organization for Islamic Cooperation and to set up a human rights body. The new institution, based in the Saudi Jeddah , will primarily deal with human rights violations in the member states.
Supporting Turkey's position on the Armenian genocide
On January 24, 2012, the OIC issued a statement supporting Turkey's criticism of the previous day's passage of the French Armenian Law , which criminalized Turkey's denial of the Armenian genocide in the course of the First World War . Such a law would "violate the right to freedom of expression" and, according to the OIC, would be "inconsistent with historical facts."
Combating LGBT Rights
In 2014 the OIC failed when it tried to revoke the UN's recognition of same-sex civil partnerships.
In 2016, the OIC ensured that all LGBT associations were excluded from the UN conference on HIV / AIDS in June 2016 in New York.
Member States
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The regional government of the semi-autonomous Tanzanian part of Zanzibar decided at the beginning of 1993 to independently join the OIC. The decision was reversed in August 1993 following protests from Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania) and political tensions within the Tanzanian Union.
observer
States
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Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1994) -
Central African Republic (since 1997) -
Thailand (since 1998) -
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (from 1979 to 2004 as the Muslim Community of Cyprus, since 2004 as the Turkish State of Cyprus) -
Russia (since 2005)
Muslim communities and organizations
- National Liberation Front of the Moros (since 1977) - (in the Philippines or Mindanao )
Islamic institutions
- Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUOICM) (since 2000)
- Youth Forum of the Islamic Conference for Dialogue and Cooperation (ICYFDC) (since 2005)
International organizations
- African Union (formerly: Organization for African Unity , since 1977)
- Arab League (since 1975)
- Turkish Council (since 2009)
- Movement of the Non-Aligned States (since 1977)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation (since 1995)
- United Nations (since 1976)
Suspended Member States
Rejected States
India criticized the OIC for calling the Kashmiri area "occupied by India". Although around ten percent of the world's Muslims live in India, it has been excluded from membership of the OIC (at the request of Pakistan).
See also
literature
- Ellinor Schöne: Islamic Solidarity. History, politics, ideology of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 1969–1981. Series: Islamic Studies . Klaus Schwarz, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-87997-265-6 .
- this: The Islamic group of states and the end of the East-West conflict . The view of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation. In: Gerhard Höpp , Henner Fürtig : Whose story? Muslim experiences of historical turning points in the 20th century. Workbooks of the Center for Modern Orient, 16. Verlag Das arabische Buch, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-87997-581-7 , pp. 97–116.
Web links
- Official website of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation (Arabic, English, French)
- OIC: 40 Years of Frustration - Al Jazeera Report ( YouTube video)
- Islam and Free Speech: OIC vs. Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Michael Curtis, Stonegate Institute, February 8, 2012
- The Organization of the Islamic Conference - Report on the website of the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Charter of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (March 14, 2008) ( Memento of September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 93 kB) Article 38: Languages of the Organization shall be Arabic, English and French.
- ↑ The list of member states ( memento of September 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on the OIC website still incorrectly lists 57 states (as of December 10, 2017), although Syria was already excluded in 2012, see the Member States section .
- ^ Paul-Anton Krüger: Islamic discord . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, December 14, 2017, p. 4.
- ↑ a b OIC in brief ( Memento of October 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Status: October 21, 2007.
- ^ OIC, in: rulers.org
- ↑ http://www.islamiq.de/2014/01/02/neuer-generalsekretaer-gewaehlt/
- ^ Appointment of new OIC chief okayed
- ↑ RESOLUTION NO. 49/19-P ON THE CAIRO DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM. ( Memento of June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) The Nineteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, held in Cairo (July 31 to August 5, 1990). Shortened compared to the Arabic version, as well as the version that was used in French. German extract see reference article.
- ↑ Arab Charter of Human Rights - from September 15, 1994, revised version from January 15, 2004 , publisher: humanrights.ch
- ↑ UN resolution for a worldwide ban on religious defamation, March 30, 2007 ( Memento of December 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Pascal Bruckner: "Imaginary Racism - The charge of Islamophobia makes criticism of Islam impossible " , Neue Zürcher Zeitung . Apr. 21, 2017 (accessed Aug. 7, 2018)
- ^ Organization for Islamic Cooperation - New Islam Charter: Human Rights included for the first time in DerWesten, March 15, 2008.
- ↑ Islamic Conference gets new name - Kazakhstan takes over the chairmanship
- ↑ Kazakhstan / Saudi Arabia: Protection of Human Rights in Islam ( Memento from July 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Islamic body criticises French genocide bill , expatica.com, Jan. 24, 2012
- ↑ Andreas Zumach: "Muslims block LGBT groups" TAZ from May 19, 2016
- ↑ Conflict Barometer 1993 ( Memento from January 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.1 MB), accessed February 16, 2009
- ↑ kirchenserver.org ( memento of October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed February 16, 2009
- ↑ zeit.de , accessed on August 14, 2012