Ostróda

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Ostróda
Coat of arms of Ostróda
Ostróda (Poland)
Ostróda
Ostróda
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Ostróda
Area : 14.15  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 42 ′  N , 19 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 110 m npm
Residents : 32,947
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 14-100
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOS
Economy and Transport
Street : E 77 Gdansk - Warsaw
Rail route : Toruń – Chernyakhovsk railway line
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 14.15 km²
Residents: 32,947
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 2328 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2815011
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Czesław Najmowicz
Address: ul. Mickiewicza 24
14-100 Ostróda
Website : www.ostroda.pl



Ostróda [ ɔˈstruda ] (German Osterode i. Ostpr. ) Is a city in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship with about 34,000 inhabitants.

location

The city is located in the former East Prussia on the eastern edge of the Pojezierze Iławskie (Eylauer Seenplatte) , about 35 km west-southwest of Olsztyn (Allenstein) and 60 km south-southeast of Elbląg (Elbing) . The Drwęca (Drewenz) flows through the city and expands west of the city to Jezioro Drwęckie (Drewenzsee) . The three national roads 7 , 15 and 16 run through Ostróda, which means that there are good connections to Elbląg, Olsztyn and Grudziądz (Graudenz) . The city also has a train station on the Toruń – Chernyakhovsk railway line . Ostróda is the starting point of the Oberland Canal , which connects the city with the Baltic Sea.

history

Under the protection of a castle of the Teutonic Order built at the end of the 13th century, a settlement grew up through Central German immigrants, which in 1329 was granted Kulm town charter by the Christburger Ordenskomtur by awarding hand festivals as Osterode . Since this document was lost, Komtur Hartwig von Sonnenburg gave the hand festivities again in 1335. The process was repeated for the third time in 1348. In 1349 the order began to convert its Osterode castle into a stone fortress. In 1381 the Lithuanian Prince Kynstut attacked the city and destroyed it and the castle. The newly rebuilt city fell victim to another major fire in 1400. In the war of the Teutonic Order against Poland, the knight Klaus von Döhringen took the castle in 1410, plundered it and finally handed it over to the Poles. Again the castle was the target of an attack during the Prussian City War, which Prussian cities waged against the order of knights. Troops of the city union occupied the castle in 1454.

After the Teutonic Order had been converted into the secular Duchy of Prussia as a result of the Reformation , the last Commander of the Order, Count Quirin Schlick, became the first official in Osterode in 1525. The Osteroder city school was opened in 1592. During the Thirty Years' War , Swedish troops occupied the city from 1628 to 1629, while the Swedish King Gustav Adolf stayed there. From 1633 to 1643 Osterode was pledged to Duke Johann Christian von Liegnitz-Brieg and from 1643 to 1672 to the Counts of Pfalz-Simmern. During the Swedish-Polish War, the city suffered from the march of warring parties between 1654 and 1660. 51 inhabitants died in Osterode from the plague epidemics of 1708 and 1711. In 1737 a salt factory started operations. Russian troops under their major general Treiden quartered themselves several times during the Seven Years' War between 1758 and 1763. A major fire in 1788 destroyed large parts of Osterode. The opening of a tobacco factory in 1800 is to be seen as a sign of the revitalization of the city. The Napoleonic Wars also left historical traces in Osterode. In 1807 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III held themselves first . and his wife, Queen Luise , on their flight to Koenigsberg in the city, then Napoleon took quarters in the castle on his march on Russia .

Evangelical town church
Town houses on the Drewenzsee

Since the administrative structures in Prussia had been changed considerably by the Napoleonic occupation, the government was forced to rearrange the administrative structures after the end of the war. In the course of the district reform of 1815, the Osterode district was created and the city became the seat of the district administration. In 1831 170 people died of a cholera epidemic . The connection to the modern traffic network was established in 1845 with the opening of the Chaussee to Pillauken, followed in 1857 by the Chaussee to Hohenstein. From 1873 there were rail connections to Deutsch Eylau and Allenstein. The Oberland Canal , completed in 1860 , which had its starting point in Osterode and led to Elbing, was of great importance for the city's economy . With its so-called inclined planes instead of locks , it is still a technical feature and tourist attraction today. As a result of the new traffic routes, a mechanical engineering factory was founded in 1863 and a railway workshop was opened in 1895. With a lyceum, grammar school and commercial college, Osterode also became an important regional educational center.

In 1912 the Osterode airfield started operations. During the Battle of Tannenberg in World War I , Hindenburg had its headquarters in a school in Osteroder in 1914. At the instigation of the Versailles Treaty , a referendum on membership of Germany or Poland had to be held in the Allenstein voting area , to which Osterode also belonged . In Osterode, 8,620 people voted to stay in Germany, Poland didn't vote (according to other sources, 8,663 against 17). In 1921 the East Prussia plant, which was responsible for the power supply in the province, built an electricity plant in Osterode.

At the end of the Second World War , Osterode was taken by the Red Army on January 21, 1945 without a fight. Nevertheless, 70 percent of the city was destroyed by the arson of the Soviet soldiers. Most of the residents had previously fled. Around 2,000 citizens had not fled, and many of those who had fled returned. After the end of the war, Osterode and the southern half of East Prussia were placed under Polish administration. The city was given the Polish place name Ostróda . As far as the German natives had not fled, most of them were evicted by the local Polish administrative authority and replaced by Poles in the following period .

After the political change in 1990, a modern football stadium with two playing fields with covered stands and 5,000 seats was built on the sports grounds at the Bismarck Tower. Furthermore, tennis courts, a year-round artificial ice rink, a climbing wall and a skateboard half pipe. The memorial stone to commemorate the vote of July 11, 1920, as well as the memorial column for the athletes from Osterode who died in the First World War, were erected within the new sports grounds. In the Drewenzsee, the city installed a water ski and wakeboard system, a canoe run and a new city pool. In 2014 the 16th European Wakeboarding Championship was held here. In 2013 the Beach Volleyball World Championship took place in Stare Jabłonki / Alt Jablonken (rural municipality Ostróda) .

After the old obelisk of the Drei-Kaiser-Fountain had returned to its original place on the Neuer Markt in 2004 and the fountain was renamed the Europa-Brunnen (instead of the pictures of Kaiser Wilhelm I, Kaiser Friedrich III. And Kaiser Wilhelm II . the coats of arms of Ostróda, Osterode / Harz and the stars of the European flag can now be seen), the former town hall from 1791 is now also being reconstructed in front of it (as it has existed since 1927, after the renovation with simpler facade decorations). The shell was finished in July 2017.

Population development
year Residents Remarks
1780 approx. 1,500
1831 02,217
1875 05,746
1880 06,468
1890 09.410 including 7,693 Evangelicals, 1,502 Catholics and 201 Jews (500 Poles )
1925 16,482 including 14,399 Protestants, 1,893 Catholics, ten other Christians and 154 Jews
1933 17,977 including 15,712 Protestants, 2,036 Catholics, four other Christians and 123 Jews
1939 17,795 including 15,108 Evangelicals, 2,003 Catholics, 262 other Christians and no Jews

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Osterode around 1890

mayor

coat of arms

Blazon : "In red on a horse striding to the right with a blue saddlecloth, a gold-armored Teutonic knight with a lance, sword and a black-crossed, silver order image."

Both the old main seal, known only in fragments, S. CIVITATIS OSTIRRODEN, and the seal from the 16th century show a riding knight with an inlaid lance. Later the knight was transformed into the dragon-slaying Saint George, but then went back to the real coat of arms.

Town twinning

In Osterode am Harz there is a stone from 1985 in the city center with the inscription 826 KILOMETER NACH OSTERODE OSTPREUSSEN.

Rural community

The rural community of Ostróda, to which the city of Ostróda itself does not belong, has an area of ​​401 km², on which 16,153 people live (as of June 30, 2019).

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 24–25, no. 7.
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 434, No. 39.
  • Iron graves: Excerpt from the chronicle of the city of Osterode in Prussia, concerning the earliest colonization of Prussia . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 1, Koenigsberg 1829, pp. 411-413.
  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 438-441 .

Web links

Commons : Ostróda  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Ostróda  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city, Burmistrz Miasta , accessed on March 17, 2015
  3. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : Self-determination for East Germany - A documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 104.
  4. ^ Jens Stüben: Online encyclopedia on the culture and history of the Germans in Eastern Europe , Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
  5. ↑ Various buildings and facilities in Osterode at: ostpreussen.net
  6. ↑ Description of Neuer Markt ostpreussen.net
  7. ↑ Article “The town hall is growing” , ostrodanews.pl
  8. ↑ Views of the town hall with debate , marienburg.pl
  9. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 24–25, no. 7.
  10. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 434, No. 39.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. osterode.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ Erich Keyser : German city book - manual urban history volume I Northeast Germany page 91/92. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 1939.
  13. ^ Otto Hupp : German coat of arms . Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.